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Rohstoffwandel in der chemischen Industrie: Pflanzen als Basis für eine nachhaltige Chemieproduktion
Dr. Andreas KreimeyerMember of the Board of Executive Directors Research Executive Director BASF SE, Ludwigshafen
February 10th, 2010
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Gas RenewablesOil CoalCarbonDioxide
Feedstock alternatives: different carbon sources for chemicals can be used
3
1850 1900 1950 2000 20501800
Oil
Gas
Coal
RenewableRenewableResourcesResources
???
Search for feedstock alternativeshas a long history
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SourceSource: VCI, FNR, : VCI, FNR, meomeo
OilOil
GasGas
2 %2 % CoalCoal
RenewableRenewableResourcesResources
TotalTotalConsumptionConsumption::
~ 20 ~ 20 MtMt / a/ a
8 %8 %
10 %10 %80 %80 %
Renewable resources and gas are main feedstock alternatives
AnnualAnnual consumptionconsumption in in chemicalchemicalindustryindustry (Germany)(Germany)
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SourceSource: VCI, FNR, : VCI, FNR, meomeo
Oils/FatsOils/Fats1.1501.150
StarchStarch260260
10001000tonstons
Renewable resources and gas are main feedstock alternatives
AnnualAnnual consumptionconsumption in in chemicalchemicalindustryindustry (Germany)(Germany)
CelluloseCellulose320320
FibersFibers204204
SugarSugar240240OthersOthers
117117
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Renewable ResourcesGlobal Consumption
Global Biomass Production
180 bn t / a
Renewable Resources7 bn t / a
4%
5% Chemical Industry(incl. Pulp & Paper)
95% Nutrition, Energy, Construction
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EssentialsCost competivenessUnique application properties
Prerequisites AvailabilitySustainabilityApplicabilityProcessability
Success criteria for plant raw materials in chemical industry
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Others (Proteins, terpenes, ....)
20 %20 %
5 %5 %
50 %50 %
24 %24 %
Complex composition of renewables
OOO
OH OHOOH OH
OH
OHO
OH OH
OH
* *
Cellulose
Hemicellulose (Xylanes)O
OOOH OHO
OH OH* *
O
OHOH
OH
OO
OH OH
O
O
OOH OH
OH
O
O
*
*
*
Starch1 %
OO
O
O
O
O
Plant oils0,1 %
Lignin
OMeO
O
O
O
OMe
OH
O
OMeOH*
*
*
*
*
OO
OH
OHOH
OH
O
OH
OOH
OH
H
Sucrose0,1 %
Total:180 bn t/a
Source: GdCH Fachgruppe, Umweltchemie und Ökotoxikologie
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Verbund – integrated productionRaw materials
Chemicals Segment
Ammonia
Methanol
Hydrogen
Chlorine
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfuric acid
Caustic soda
PSA
Carbon dioxide
Carbon oxide
C4-cutPropylene
Ethylene
Acetylene
Oxygen
AH-saltsAdipic acid
Caprolactam
HydrosulfitesNa-bisulfitesNa-sulfites
Na-nitrite, -nitrate
PropyleneglycolesPolyvinylchloride*
Melamine
Carbon dioxide liqu.
ButanolesButyraldehydes
Acrylic acid ester
Methyl acrylate
Tetrahydrofuran
Butyrolactone
PolyisobuteneSB-copolymer
Glycole ethers
C13-C15-alcohols
Diethanol amineEthanol amine
Propanole
Polyamides
Lutinol EBlankitesRongales
RongalitesSeparoles
PVC*
Urea-formaldehyde-condensation products
Carbon dioxide solid
ButylacetateDispersionsEthylhexanolHexanediol
NeopentylglykolUltradur-brands
DMTTrilon-brands
EthylenediaminePOM
Poly tetrahydrofuranN-Methylpyrrolidone
PyrrolidonePlurafac-brands
KeropurPlasticizers
Lutensol-brands
Glyoxal
PolyminEthylenimin
Propionic acid
Air
Natural gas
Naphtha
PhosphatePotassium
chloride
Vacuum residue
Salt
Sulfur
Benzene
Cyclohexane
O-xylene
Ethyl benzeneStyrene
Polystyrenestyropor
Fertilizers
Hydrogen cyanideAcrylic acid
Vinylchloride*
Nitric acid
Formaldehyde
Butanediol
Oxo alcohols
Ethylene oxide
Propionic aldehydeVinylethers
Nitrogen oxide
Methyl amines
Hydroxylamine
Oxo C4Formic acidAcetic acid
Urea
Propylene oxid
Na-salts ofSulfuric acid
Textil chemicals
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Bio-based materials & processesin the chemical industry
„customized“ crops breeding & plant biotechnology
„Microorganism – manufactured“ compounds fermentation
Biomass – based feedstock biorefinery
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Metabolic engineering: Desaturase-Elongase pathway transferred from algae into oilseed rape
Healthy fatty acids from oil crops LC-Omega-3/6
mono-unsaturated fatty Acids C-18DesaturaseElongaseDesaturase
Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) C-20
Arachidonic Acid (ARA) C-20
ElongaseDesaturase
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) C-22
Desaturase
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Fermentation based products
Vitamins
AminoacidsLysinTryptophanGlutamat
Organic AcidsLactic acidCitric acidItaconic acid
AlkoholsEthanolButanolPropanediol
Process
Bio-synthetic pathwayspresent in nature
Optimized through
selection,
genetic engineering,
metabolic engineering
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OO
O O
China Dominican Republic
Bagasse17 % hemicellulose
Corn cobs21 % hemicellulose
OOO OOO
O O HH
HO
O O
O
H
H
∼
∼
∼
A new source for THF
Textile fibers,polyurethanesNatural
GasAcetylene THF/pTHF®Butanediol
Raw materials Products
Furfural THFFuraneHemi-cellulose
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Options for Acrylic Acid value chain
Superabsorbents, DispersionsPropylene Acrylic Acid
Raw materials Products
Lactic Acid
Naphtha,LPG
Carbo-hydrates
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OOO OOO
O O HH
HO
O O
O
H
H
∼
∼
∼
OMeO
O
O
O
OMe
OH
O
OMeOH∼
∼
∼
∼
∼
OOO
O OOO O
O
O H
H
H
H
H
H ∼∼
lignin
cellulose
hemicellulose
complex structurefractionation? biorefinery?
■ wheat straw
■ switchgrass
■ bagasse
■ waste wood
source: Faix, Lehnen
Biomass -Separation of main components
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Ionic Liquids
SteamExplosion
Alkali Treatment(AFEX/ARP/Lime)
ROWEUNAFTA
Acetosolv
Organosolv
Acid /Hot Water
Start ups
Institutions
Companies
Bubble Size:Stage of Development
Research
Proof of Concept
Pilot Plant
CommercialScale
Several additional pilot and commercial plants commissioned
Nanjing Forest Uni, China
Wide variety of separation techniquesunder evaluation
Arkenol Biotec Progress
Latvian StateUniversity
TVA
MBI
Aventine
Pure Vision
Lignol
SUNY
IogenKamyr
University of Utah
Auburn Uni
Wageningen Uni
Shell
Uni of British Columbia
Innovative Biotechnologies
ENEA
Dupont
Texas University
Sunopta/Abengoa
VTT
NREL
Purac
Chemopolis
IBUS/ELSAM/DONG
SunOpta
DEDINI, Brazil
Iceland LCF
Uni of Lund/Etek
BioJoule, NZ
QUT, AusUni of Toledo BASF
Mitsui
CIMV
DTU
Dongping, China
CRAC, China
Marubeni, JP(Lizenz Verenium)
Verenium JGC, JP(Lizens Arkenol)
Dartmouth College
DECHEMA
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Biomass
Products
Biorefinery
Amorphous cellulose
Glucose
Lignin
Ethanol Water
IL recyclingDissolution in IL
Precipitation Precipitation
OOO
O OOO O
O
O H
H
H
H
H
H ∼∼
Biomass
Dissolution and fractionation of biomass: new concept based on ionic liquids
Precipitation Hemi-cellulose
OOO OOO
O O HH
HO
O O
O
H
H
∼
∼
∼
OMeO
O
O
O
OMe
OH
O
OMeOH∼
∼ ∼
∼
∼
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Outlook Bioprocessing/Fermentation
Focus on high margin products in specialty areas
Significant growth potential short/midterm
Biomass-based FeedstockHuge technical challengeSignificant economic challenge
High investment in R & D – outcome?
Chemical Industry – globally competitive
technology, products, feedstock / energy, legal framework
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Positionspapiere „Rohstoffbasis im Wandel“ – Januar 2010
„Energieversorgung der Zukunft“ – Oktober 2009
Quelle: www.dechema.de/Forschung/Studien_und_Positionspapiere.html
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