1
105
2007.022011.072016.10
complex
systematic analysis of cations
atomic absorption spectrophotometer
Hg22+Ag+Pb2+ HCl(aq) 6 M HCl(aq) Hg2Cl2AgCl PbCl2
Hg2+Pb2+Cu2+Bi3+Cd2+As3+Sb3+Sn4+ pH 0.5 H2S S2- Ksp HgSPbSCuSBi2S3CdSAs2S3Sb2S3SnS2 Ksp Zn2+Ni2+
2
Al3+Fe3+Co2+Ni2+Cr3+Zn2+Mn2+ H2S(aq) S2-Ksp ZnSNiSCoSMnS Al3+Fe3+Cr3+
Mg2+Ca2+Sr2+Ba2+ IIA (NH4)2CO3/NH4Cl/NH3
Na+K+NH4+
Hg22+Ag+Pb2+ HCl(aq)Hg2Cl2AgCl PbCl2 PbCl2(s) AgCl(s) Hg2Cl2(s) AgCl(s) Hg2Cl2(s)AgCl(s)[Ag(NH3)2]+ 1 Hg2Cl2(s) HgNH2Cl(s) Hg(l) 2 Ag+ Hg22+
AgCl(s) + 2NH3(aq) Ag(NH3)2+(aq) + Cl-(aq) (1)
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2NH3(aq) Hg(l) + HgNH2Cl(s) + NH4+(aq) + Cl-(aq) (2)
5
10
Ag+silver nitrateAgNO3Hg22+mercury(I) nitrate
Hg2(NO3)22H2OPb2+lead(II) nitratePb(NO3)2
6 M hydrochloric acid, HCl0.5 M potassium chromate
3
K2CrO46 M acetic acidCH3COOH6 M nitric acidHNO3
ammonia water15 M NH3(aq)
4
1-1
1.
2 Hg22+2 Ag+ 3 Pb2+
2.
1 6 M HCl 12 1 6 M HCl
1PbCl2
2 2~3
3.
1-1 1-1 1 6 M HCl
4. 1 6 M HCl 10 1-1 1-1
1-2 1.
5 1-1
1-2
PbCl2(s)
5
1-3
1.
1-2 1 6 M CH3COOH 1 0.5 M K2CrO4 Pb2+
CH3COOH CuCrO4 (BiO)2CrO4 Ksp(PbCrO4 ) = 2.810-13
Ksp(CuCrO4) = 3.610-6
2.
1-1 K2CrO4 2~3
Pb2+
1-4
1. 1-1 Pb2+ 1-2
2.
1-2 24 15 M
1-3 1-3HgNH2Cl(s) Hg0(l) Hg22+
Pb2+ Pb(OH)2(s)
1-5 1.
6 M HNO3 1-3
Ag+
HgNH2Cl(s) + Hg0(l)
6
1-6
1.
2.
1. King, E. J. Qualitative Analysis and Electrolytic Solutions; Harcourt, Brace: New York, 1976.
2. 1989 213
3. 1985 115
4. 1989 1097
Pb Hg Ag
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