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Protein
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Protein
Introduction
Structure
Amino Acids
Biosynthesis
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Introduction
Protein (1838), large number of organic
compounds that make up living organisms
and are essential to their functioning.Proteins are now as the predominant
ingredients of cells, making up more than
50 percent of the dry weight of animals.
The word protein is coined from the Greek
proteios, orprimary.
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Protein molecules range from the long,insoluble fibres that make up connective
tissue andhair to the compact.
Soluble globules that can pass through cell
membranes and set off metabolic reactions.
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They are all large molecules, ranging in
molecular weight from a few thousand to
more than a million.
They are specific for each species and for
each organ of each species.
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Protein in Microtobuler
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Humans Protein
Humans have an estimated 30,000
different proteins, of which only about 2
percent have been adequately described.Proteins in the diet serve primarily to build
and maintain cells, but their chemical
breakdown also provides energy, yielding
close to the same 4 calories per gram as
do carbohydrates.
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Besides their function in growth and cell
maintenance, proteins are also responsible
for muscle contraction.The digestive enzymes are proteins, as are
insulin and most other hormones. The
antibodies of the immune system are
proteins, and proteins such as hemoglobin
carry vital substances throughout the body.
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Structure
Amino Acids, important class of organic
compounds that contain both the amino
(8NH2) and carboxyl (8COOH) groups. Of
these acids, 20 serve as the building blocks ofproteins.
H2N C C
H
OH
OR
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Example of AA
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Structure of Protein
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Place of Protein Synthesis
Ribosome
On the surface of therough endoplasmic
reticulum arenumerous small, darkstructures calledribosomes.Ribosomes, which are
also found floating freein the cytoplasm, arethe sites of proteinsynthesis.
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Ribosome on Cell
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Protein Shyntesis
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