Mexico 1800-1850
Mexico’s Popula/on Growth, 20th Century Year Popula+on (Millions)
1800 4.5
1850 7.5
1875 9.5
1895 12.6
Indian Pueblos 1800-‐1850
• Indian Pueblos 1/3 of the popula/on in Mexico live in the most part in /ny villages, socially and economically isolated from the remainder of the country.
• No Schools
• No churches (only big ones)
• Subsistence farming
• Curandero
Rural Towns 1800-‐1850
• 1000-‐3500 houses of primarily Mes/zos and Indians who had accommodated to the Hispanic way of life.
• Spanish main language.
• Some/mes private schools.
• Churches
• “Leva” system was implemented
• System of forced conscrip/on directed to the uneducated masses (Indians exempt given they did not speak Spanish) used by local commanders to fill their military quotas. Troublemakers, vagabonds, and prisoners were taken.
Provincial Ci/es 1800-‐1850
• Was were we can find signs of wealth in Mexico.
• Imported carriages were a sign of status.
• Cathedrals.
• Secondary Schools.
• Aristocracy dressed with the latest European fashion. • Most visible employment was the “tameme”
Modernizing Mexico 1850-1900
• During the second half of the 19th century Mexico would go a profound industrial transformation.
Modernizing Mexico 1850-1900
• Benito Juarez President (1858-1872)
• Liberal leader
• 1859 Leyes de Reforma
• Nationalized church property • Separation of Church and State,
Ex. Schools, Convents.
During the second half of the 19th century Mexico would go a profound industrial transformation.
• Porfirio Diaz believed that potential investors had to be convinced that stability was supplementing turbulence.
Porfirio Diaz (1876-1910)
Technological Innovations and Mexico’s Industrial Growth
• 1876-1910 Steam, water, electric power began to replace animal and human muscle.
• 1880 telephone arrived.
• 1901 oil production began and nine years later 13 million barrels were produced, mostly for export.
• Mining industry was revived, with copper now rivaling silver as the most valuable ore.
• What was the biggest industrial innovation of its time?
Approx. 80 % of the capital outlay came from the United States.
Mexico’s Railroad Expansion.
Year Miles of Railway
1860 150
1876 400
1892 6,876
1910 12,000
1911 15,000
U.S. Railroad Tracks 1860
In 1860 when the U.S. had over 30,000 miles of track in operation, Mexico had only 150 miles
U.S. Raiload Tracks 1890
The Impacts of the Railroad
• As a result of the arrival of the railroad new agricultural land specialized in commercial agriculture, and land value would increase.
• Machinery was also able to be imported aiding to the
expansion in production.
• Mexico’s foreign trade (exports and imports) increased from 50 million pesos in 1876 to about 488 million pesos in 1910.
The Hacienda
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