Pre-Classic 2,000 B.C.E to 200 C.E: Olmecs
Classic 200 C.E. to 900 C.E.: Teotihuacan, Zapotecs, Mayans
Post-Classic 900-1521 C.E.: Toltecs, Aztecs
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Mayan City-State
=Cah
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2006 Apocalypto
• Apocalypto Sacrifice Scene • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aG8WqEyXIyc
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Classic Maya collapse theories
• Foreign invasion
• Environmental
– Catastrophic event: earthquakes, hurricanes.
– Epidemic diseases
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Zapotecs Valley of Oaxaca
• Monte Alban (500 B.C.E) on a defensible hilltop – Monte Alban greatest of all Zapotec sites
– Military power in Oaxaca
• Danzantes 150 – Stones that depict sacrificial victims
– Represent an empire of conquest
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Post-Classic 900-1521 Tzompantli (skull rack)
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Toltecs: Valley of Mexico
• Tula ( 8th Century C.E) – Militant state
– Revered by the Aztecs
– 987 C.E. Topiltzin-Quetzalcoatl
– v.s. Tezcatlipoca struggle
– Legacy: Cult of Quetzalcoatl
– Ancient Mexico - Toltecs to Aztecs – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgeXsx_IncE
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Chichen Itza
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Post-Classic Mayan Chichen Izta
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The Aztec Migration from Aztlan 1111?
The Boturini Codex was painted by an unknown Aztec author some time between 1530 and 1541.
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Huitzilopochtli
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Chicomoztoc 7 Caves
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Codice Durano/Dresde
Founding of T enochtitlan 1325
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Aztecs – Tenochtitlan 1325 capital
– Tepanec Kingdom • Altepetl= city-state • Tlatoani • 1420s Texcoco & Aztec allied
• Aztec Empire 1428-1521 – Triple Alliance: Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan
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Tiene el nopal en la frente He has a cactus on his forehead
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The Aztec Stone of the Five Eras
• Unearthed 1790
• Solar deity Tonatiuh
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Tribute List from Codex Mendoza
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• Altepetl: ethnic-city state, society • Social Structure
– Huey Tlatoani – teuctli (Lord)
– Pilli (noble)/Cihuapili (noble women), quauhpilli (eagle- warrior)
– Macehualli (commoners) – Mayeque (serfs) – Tlacotli (slaves) – Pochtecas (long-distance merchants) – Oztomeca (spies)
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• The Aztec Empire Documentary History Chanel National Geographic
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtlEAASEjX0
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The Great Temple at Tenochtitlán
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The Great Temple at Tenochtitlán
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Temple Mayor
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These city-states ruled the area in and around the Valley of Mexico
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Aztec Punishments
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New Fire Ceremony
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Tarascans
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Tarascans
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Mesoamerican Languages
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Mesoamerican Languages
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The Tarascans/ Purepecha 1330s-1530s
• Tzinzuntzan 1525 capital – Cazonci
• linguistic similarities to the Quechua language?
• Copper tool& weapons
– Defeated Aztecs 1478
• Characteristics – Few ball courts
– No Tlaloc nor Quetzalcoatl
– Yácatas Architecture
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