Peran Uni Eropa Dalam Menjaga Stabilitas Ekonomi di Kawasan Euro Zone
(Studi Kasus: Krisis Ekonomi PIIGS)
Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar
Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata I
Disusun oleh :
Muhammad Fachrur Rozi
201410360311014
PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL
FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2019
iv
KATA PENGANTAR
Assalamu‟alaikum wr.wb. Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah
SWT, karena berkat Rahmat dan Karunia-Nya penulis berhasil merampungkan
skripsi ini. Shalawat serta salam yang senantiasa tercurahkan kepada Nabi
Muhammad SAW.
Penulisan skripsi ini diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat
memperoleh gelar Sarjana pada Program Studi Hubungan Internasional Fakultas
Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, dengan judul
skripsi “Peran Uni Eropa Dalam Menjaga Stabilitas Ekonomi di Kawasan
Eurozone (Studi Kasus: Krisis Ekonomi PIIGS)”.
Dalam penulisan skripsi ini, penulis sangat berterima kasih kepada para
Dosen Pembimbing karena tidak pernah lepas dalam memberi bantuan, bimbingan
serta dukungan dalam proses penyelesaian skripsi ini. Dalam proses penulisan
skripsi ini, penulis menyadari akan keterbatasan-keterbatasan yang dimiliki baik
dari segi pengetahuan serta keterbatasan teknis. Untuk itu saran dan kritik yang
membangun sangat diharapkan dalam penyempurnaan skripsi ini. Penulis
berharap bahwa skripsi ini dapat menjadi bahan pembelajaran yang baik bagi
penulis sendiri, pembaca, dan peneliti lain. Wassalamu‟alaikum wr.wb
Malang, 05 Januari 2019
Muhammad Fachrur Rozi
v
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Sampul .................................................................................................. i
Lembar Persetujuan Pembimbing .................................................................... ii
Lembar Pengesahan .......................................................................................... iii
Berita Acara Pembimbing ................................................................................. iv
Lembar Pernyataan Penulis ............................................................................... v
Kata Pengantar .................................................................................................. vi
Abstraksi ............................................................................................................ vii
Halaman Persembahan ...................................................................................... ix
Daftar Isi ............................................................................................................. xi
Daftar Tabel ...................................................................................................... xiv
Daftar Gambar .................................................................................................. xv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
Latar Belakang Masalah ........................................................................... 1
Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................... 6
Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................... 6
Penelitian Terdahulu ................................................................................ 7
Kerangka Teori dan Konsep .................................................................... 18
Metodologi Penelitian .............................................................................. 24
Argumentasi Dasar .................................................................................. 25
Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................. 26
BAB II: UNI EROPA DAN KRISIS EKONOMI PIIGS
2.1 Integrasi Regional Uni Eropa ........................................................... 29
2.2 Timeline Integrasi Uni Eropa ............................................................ 36
2.2.1 Perjanjian Paris (Treaty of Paris) ............................................... 36
vi
2.2.2 Perjanjian Roma (Treaty of Rome) .............................................. 37
2.2.3 Perjanjian Schengen (Schengen Agreement) ................................ 38
2.2.4 Single European Act ..................................................................... 39
2.2.5 Perjanjian Maastricht (Treaty of Maastricht) ............................... 41
2.2.6 Perjanjian Amsterdam (Treaty of Amsterdam) ............................ 42
2.2.7 Perjanjian Nice (Treaty of Nice) ................................................... 43
2.3 Krisis Ekonomi PIIGS .................................................................... 46
2.3.1 Krisis Ekonomi Yunani ............................................................ 49
2.3.2 Krisis Ekonomi Portugal .............................................................. 52
2.3.3 Krisis Ekonomi Irlandia ................................................................ 56
2.3.4 Krisis Ekonomi Spanyol ............................................................. 59
2.3.5 Krisis Ekonomi Italia .............................................................. 62
BAB III: UPAYA UNI EROPA DALAM MENANGANI KRISIS EKONOMI
PIIGS
3.1 Peran Uni Eropa Sebagai Forum Dalam Menangi Krisis PIIGS ....... 68
3.1.1 Mendirikan European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) .......... 69
3.1.1.1 Bantuan Keuangan EFSF Terhadap Yunani ........................... 73
3.1.1.2 Bantuan Keuangan EFSF Terhadap Portugal ........................ 75
3.1.1.3 Bantuan Keuangan EFSF Terhadap Irlandia .......................... 76
3.1.2 Bantuan Melalui European Stability Mechanism (ESM) ............. 78
3.1.3 Program Penyesuaian Ekonomi Untuk Yunani ........................... 81
3.2 Peran Uni Eropa Sebagai Organisasi Internasional Dalam Menangani
Krisis Ekonomi PIIGS ....................................................................... 86
3.2.1 Program Penanganan Krisis Melalui The Stability and Growth Pact
(SGP) ............................................................................................ 87
vii
3.2.2 Pembentukan Satuan Tugas Pemberian Bantuan Terhadap Yunani .90
3.3 Peran Uni Eropa Dalam Menangani Krisis Eurozone Melalui Common
Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) atau Kebijakan Keamanan dan
Pertahanan Bersama ................................................................... 93
BAB IV: PENUTUP
4.1 Kesimpulan ..................................................................................... 95
4.2 Saran ................................................................................................. 98
xiv
Daftar Tabel
Tabel 1.1 Posisi Penelitian .................................................................................. 15
Tabel 1.2 Sistematika Penulisan ......................................................................... 28
Tabel 2.1 Keanggotaan Uni Eropa ...................................................................... 38
Tabel 2.2 Defisit Anggaran Irlandia Tahun 2006-2011 ...................................... 61
xv
Daftar Gambar
Gambar 2.1 Hutang Negara Eropa Pada Tahun 2011 ......................................... 48
Gambar 2.2 Defisit Anggaran Yunani Pada Tahun 2009 ................................... 52
Gambar 2.3 Tingkat Utang Portugal ................................................................... 56
Gambar 2.4 Tingkat Utang Irlandia .................................................................... 61
Gambar 2.5 Tingkat Utang Spanyol Terhadap GDP .......................................... 64
Gambar 2.6 Tingkat Utang Italia ........................................................................ 65
Gambar 2.7 Rasio Utang Italia Terhadap PDB Tahun 2011 ............................... 67
Gambar 3.1 Utang Negara Anggota Uni Eropa .................................................. 7
16
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