1
STI POLICY IMPERATIVES
(With Special Reference To The
Malaysian Experience)
Tan Sri Datuk Dr Omar Abdul Rahman
Senior Fellow & Founding President, Academy of Sciences Malaysia;
Coordinator, STI Policy Consultative Unit,
UNESCO‟s International Science, Technology and Innovation Centre
for South-South Cooperation (ISTIC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
Chairman, Commonwealth Partnership for Technology Management –
CPTM Ltd., London;
Science Advisor to the Prime Minister of Malaysia (1984 – 2001)
2010 ISTIC-KISTEP R&D MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME
FOR HIGH LEVEL POLICY MAKERS
CAIRO, 7 – 11 NOVEMBER, 2010
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ABSTRACT
In the Innovation Economy, policy consideration must span the whole
concept and processes of Science, Technology and Innovation. The
Ecosystem of the Innovation Economy must include the sub-systems
of creativity, entrepreneurship and commercialization. Basic concepts
are discussed and generic policy frameworks will be presented. The
achievement of Malaysia in the context of these frameworks are
presented.
The Malaysian experience will be useful to policy makers.
Improvements to the generic policy frameworks which are more
country specific may emerge from the discussions.
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CONTENTS
A. The Essentials of the K-Economy / the Innovation
Economy
B. STI Policy for the Innovation Economy – sharing
Malaysia‟s Experience
C. STI Policy Imperatives – Proposed Framework
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A. The Essentials of the K-Economy /
The Innovation Economy
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A.1 THE K-BASED ECONOMY
The K-Economy is essentially about increased application of knowledge in:
Traditional economic sectors using various available enabling
technologies : ICT, biotech, nano-tech, new materials, etc.
New Economic Sectors which are ICT – enabled : e - or i – businesses
Green Economy Sectors
Governance – application of relevant technologies in public and
corporate governance for improved productivity, efficiency, profitability.
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A.2 K-ECONOMY = INNOVATION
ECONOMY
Knowledge (science) does not impact economy directly
Technology and Innovation Do
Hence K-Economy = Innovation Economy
Innovation Economy –
Growth through economic restructuring and diversification into
production of manufactured goods and others modern goods
and services with high value added, including green
products
Innovation is the Driver (+ Green Innovation)
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A.3 GREEN ECONOMY
New emphasis related to sustainability
Green technologies; green innovation
Sustainability consideration; scientific basis;
technological feasibility; economic viability
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A.4 AREAS OF INNOVATION
Science & Technology
Governance – policies and implementation
Business practices
Geo-politics
Socio-economic issues
Strategies & alliances
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION Vs SOFT INNOVATION
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A.5 SOFT INNOVATION
Changes in aesthetics more than changes in technology
i. Changes in products in the creative industry
ii. Aesthetic innovation in goods and services primarily functional in nature
Soft innovations significant if economically important
Soft Innovation, NESTA, UK
Research Report July 2009
MASS INNOVATION – GRASSROOTS INNOVATION
NOW EVERYONE CAN INNOVATE !
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A.6 INTER-RELATION BETWEEN SOFT
INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL
INNOVATION
TECHNOLOGY-BASED BUSINESS
BUSINESS DRIVER TECHNOLOGY PROVIDER BUSINESS ENABLER
Sales and Marketing Products Work Force
Promotion,
Advertisement
Devices Business Processes
After sales services Accessories Cost cutting and
productivity increases
Customer loyalty Financial
management
SOFT INNOVATION TECHNOLOGICAL
INNOVATION
SOFT INNOVATION
Soft innovation often possible only because of
Technological Innovation
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A.7 PRIMARY POLICY CONSIDERATIONS
FOR THE INNOVATION ECONOMY
Total National Capacity in Science, Technology and Innovation
Integrated Human Capital Development
Status of STI in Industry – Industry‟s appetite for STI
Information Flow And STI Advisory System
12
A.8 TOTAL NATIONAL CAPACITY IN STI
Innovation Economy dependent on Total National Capacity – (TNC) in
STI :
A scientific community able to contribute to and draw from the global
pool of scientific and technological knowledge.
A government committed to providing a comprehensive STI
Infrastructure (soft and hard: institutions, funds, processes, etc)
A private sector capable of creating wealth through application of
technology and innovation in all sectors of the economy.
A society imbibed with a culture of creativity, innovativeness and
entrepreneurship.
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A.9 IMPLICATION OF TOTAL NATIONAL
CAPACITY (TNC) in STI
Doing good Science is not good enough.
Good Science must translate into innovative technologies at the
marketplace
TNC in STI therefore requires an STI Policy encompassing
Capacity to develop (R&D) and to acquire technology (technology
transfer)
Capacity to commercialize, apply and utilize technology and
innovation
Management of the interface between the two
(in both Government and Industry)
The above constitute the Core Elements of STI Policy
for the Innovation Economy
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A.10 CORE ELEMENTS OF
STI POLICY
Technology Generationand Acquisition
Technology UtilizationAnd Commercialization
(Interface)
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A.11 STI POLICY FRAMEWORK
Enhancement of science advisory and consultative system and
processes.
Enhancement of capacity to generate and acquire STI.
Enhancement of capacity to evaluate, acquire, utilize,
commercialize and manage STI.
Development of human capital.
Creation of the right environment (Ecosystem) for the
Innovation Economy.
(all the above apply to both government and industry)
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A.12 THE ECOSYSTEM OF
INNOVATION ECONOMY
K-Generation
and Acquisition
K-Utilization and
Commercialization
Human Capital Development
• Capacity and capability building
• Entrepreneur development
Smart Partnership Practices
K-Intensive
Governance
(Public/Private sectors)
Culture of Creativity and Innovation
Science Ethics Practices
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A.13 THE INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM
MUST BE SUPPORTED BY:
Creativity Ecosystem
Entrepreneurship Ecosystem
Commercialization Ecosystem
AND
Smart Partnership Practices
Science Ethics Practices
“Human Capital Development”
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B. STI Policy For The Innovation Economy
– Sharing Malaysia‟s Experience
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B.1 STI POLICY – MALAYSIA’S
EXPERIENCE
Rukun Negara
5 - year Development Plans – starting 5th Plan (1986 – 1990); current: 9th
Plan (2006 – 2010); 10th Plan (2011 – 2015)
National Science and Technology Policy I (1986) and Policy II (2003)
Action Plan for Industrial Technology Development – 1990
Vision 2020 – February 1991
Industrial Master Plan I (1986 – 1995); II (1996 – 2005); III (2006 – 2020)
K-Economy Master Plan – 2002
Sub-sectors – IT, Biotechnology, Aerospace, etc
National Innovation Model - 2009
The New Economic Model (NEM) - 2010
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B.2 VISION 2020
To be developed nation in our own mould by year 2020 characterized
by … “a united nation, with a confident Malaysian Society, infused by
strong moral and ethical values, living in a society that is democratic,
liberal and tolerant, caring, economically just and equitable,
progressive and prosperous and in full possession of an economy that
is competitive, dynamic, robust and resilient ”.
- Mahathir Mohamad, 28 February 1991
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B.3 VISION 2020 – STI CHALLENGES
6th Challenge
“ . . . Establishing a scientific and progressive society that is innovative
and forward looking, one that is not only a consumer of technology but
also a contributor to the scientific and technological civilization of the
future.”
9th Challenge
“ . . . . Establishing a prosperous society with an economy that is fully
competitive, dynamic, robust and resilient ”.
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B.4 INDUSTRIAL MASTERPLAN II
(1996 – 2005)
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B.5 THE FIVE THRUSTS OF 9TH
MALAYSIA
PLAN (2006 – 2010)
Thrust 1 : Moving the economy up the value chain;
Thrust 2 : Raising the capacity for knowledge and innovation
and nurture „first class mentality‟;
Thrust 3 : Addressing persistent socio-economic inequalities
constructively and productively;
Thrust 4 : Improving the standard and sustainability of quality of
life; and
Thrust 5 : Strengthening the institutional and implementation
capacity.
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B.6 NATIONAL INNOVATION MODEL - 2009
Shift from resource-led economy to innovation-led economy,
driven largely by domestic private enterprise and DDI.
Pursue market driven innovation for short-to-medium term
opportunities; support and facilitate technology-driven
innovation for medium-to-long term benefits.
Supply-side R&D by public sector; demand-side R&D by private
sector.
Dual approach – technology development and technology
acquisition.
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B.7 THE NEW ECONOMIC MODEL(NEM) AND THE
ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION
PROGRAMME – 2010 - 2020
Overcoming Barriers To Vision 2020 :
Slower economic growth
Middle income trap
Not enough value add
Weak productivity growth
Low skill labour force
Lack of innovation and creativity
Issues in education
Problems related to ethnic and economic policies
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B.8 THE FOUR PILLARS OF THE ECONOMIC
TRANSFORMATION PROGRAMME
1. Preservation and Enhancement Of Unity In Diversity
1 Malaysia : People First, Performance Now
2. Effective Delivery Of Government Services
Government Transformation Programme – 6 National Key Result Areas
3. New Economic Model – High Income; Inclusiveness
and Sustainability -
Economic Transformation Programme – 8 Strategic Reform Initiatives (SRI), 12 National Key Economic Areas (NKEA), 131 Entry Point Projects (EPP)
4. Smooth Implementation Of Government‟s Development Programme
10th Malaysian Plan – macroeconomic growth targets and expenditure allocations – 2011 - 2015
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B.9 THE NEW ECONOMIC MODEL –
ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION PROGRAMME – THE
EIGHT STRATEGIC REFORM INITIATIVES (SRI)
SRI 1 – Re-engineering The Private Sector
Target high value added products and services
Remove barriers and cost to doing business
Create eco-system for entrepreneurship and innovation
Encourage efficiency through healthy competition
Promote SME growth
Create regional champions
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B.10 THE NEW ECONOMIC MODEL –
ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION PROGRAMME –
THE EIGHT STRATEGIC REFORM INITIATIVES (SRI)
SRI 2 – Developing Quality Workforce and Reducing Dependency
on Foreign Labor
Increase local talent overtime (education system for creative and
critical thinking)
Re-skill the existing labor force
Retain and access global talent
Remove labor market distortions constraining wage growth
Reduce reliance on foreign labor
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B.11 THE NEW ECONOMIC MODEL –
ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION PROGRAMME –
THE EIGHT STRATEGIC REFORM INITIATIVES (SRI)
SRI 3 – Creating A Competitive Domestic Economy
Improve economic efficiency through competition
Build Entrepreneurship –
(revamp seed and venture capital fund to support budding
entrepreneurs)
Remove market distortions leading to misallocation of resources
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B.12 THE NEW ECONOMIC MODEL –
ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION PROGRAMME – THE
EIGHT STRATEGIC REFORM INITIATIVES (SRI)
SRI 4 – Strengthening The Public Sector
Improve decision making process
Improve service delivery
Reduce “friction costs”
Provide a safety net to facilitate a smooth transition
Strengthen public finance management
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B.13 THE NEW ECONOMIC MODEL –
ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION PROGRAM – THE
EIGHT STRATEGIC REFORM INITIATIVES (SRI)
SRI 5 – Transparent And market – Friendly Affirmative Action
Reduce income disparity
Create market-friendly affirmative action
Narrow regional difference
Encourage rewards on the basis of performance
Promote equal and fair access to opportunities
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B.14 THE NEW ECONOMIC MODEL –
ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION PROGRAM –
THE EIGHT STRATEGIC REFORM INITIATIVES (SRI)
SRI 6 – Building The Knowledge Base And Infrastructure
POLICY PURPOSE POSSIBLE POLICY MEASURES
Create an ■ Easing entry and exit of firms as well as high skilled workers
Ecosystem for ■ Revamp the seed and venture capital funds to support entrepreneurs
entrepreneurship ■ Simplify bankruptcy laws pertaining to companies and individuals to promote vibrant
entrepreneurship
■ Harness Web-based expertise and industry networks
Promote an ■ Improve access to specialized skills
environment ■ Ensure protection of intellectual property rights
for innovation ■ Incentives firms to embrace technology and move up the value chain
■ Enforce strict adhered to global standards and benchmarks
■ Fostering R&D links between the institutions of higher learning and the private sector
■ Immediately roll out nationwide fast broadband connectivity
■ Review and consolidate all present government R&D funding
■ Align R&D to national growth objectives particularly in innovative and hi-tech fields
■ Open access to funding to competition among researchers
■ Ensure public procurement supports local innovation
■ Establish KPIs for universities based on commercialization
Establish stronger ■ Setup a technology research powerhouse and centre of excellence run on a
enabling commercial basis e.g. ITRI Taiwan cluster model
institutions ■ Operationalize the National Innovation Model announced by the government in 2007
■ Balance the technology-driven innovation approach with market-led policies such
as global procurement through technology intermediaries
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B.15 THE NEW ECONOMIC MODEL – ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION PROGRAM
- THE EIGHT STRATEGIC REFORM INITIATIVES (SRI)
SRI 7 – Enhancing The Sources Of Growth
POLICY PURPOSE POSSIBLE POLICY MEASURES
Create value from ■ Identify E&E sub sectors to build depth and foster new niche industries and to capture a greater share as a distributional hub as
first mover and intra-regional trade expands
other comparative ■ Focus on palm oil-related downstream industries to develop indigenous technology and innovation or acquire technology to
advantages meet new market demands
■ Encourage upstream technology innovation to develop higher yielding fresh fruit bunches
■ Capture a greater share of the education, medical tourism and ecotourism markets through domestic and regional partnerships
■ Promote climate change mitigating products and services e.g. recyclables
■ Promote products and services that comply with Islamic tenets e.g. finance, pharmaceutical
Develop greater ■ Integrate education services with industrial development for example a centre of engineering excellence in the E&E cluster
integration ■ Further priorities the logistics industry, leveraging on roads, ports and ICT infrastructure readily available in Malaysia
between products ■ Improve seamless tourism services by ensuring quality services along the value chain (examples such as the revamp of poor
quality taxi services and improving personal safety for travelers)
Create new markets ■ Capture greater share as a distributional hub as intra-regional trade expands
■ Improve maritime and port services, leveraging on technology
■ Move into alternative energy generation as well as energy saving products and services
■ Expand service-oriented industries to regional markets based on Malaysia’s inherent biodiversity
Build scale of ■ Promote corridor-based development around spatially dense poles and adjacent hinterland, especially for electronics
industries and ■ Encourage competition between localities
production networks ■ Cluster industries to leverage on integration, scale and connectivity
for specialization ■ Exploit economies of scale through networking of production and supply chains leveraging on location – “speed to market”
■ Establish global presence through international acquisitions of companies in the same field
Harness innovation ■ Adopt an open innovation system to acquire technology and expand networks
potential ■ Support rapid transformation of SMEs with potential for innovation
■ Develop industries that support sustainable development such as use of traditional plants and herbs for modern applications
Integrate real ■ Develop the commodities trading platforms and products for domestic producers to benefit from financial innovation and
sector industries expansion
with financial ■ Offer Malaysia as a regional hub for both futures and spot markets for commodities
services ■ Develop Islamic-based financial products to support domestic production and risk management of prices and production
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B.16 THE NEW ECONOMIC MODEL – ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION
PROGRAM – THE EIGHT STRATEGIC REFORM INITIATIVES (SRI)
SRI 8 – Enhancing Sustainability Of Growth
POLICY PURPOSE POSSIBLE POLICY MEASURES
Preserve natural ■ Use appropriate pricing, regulatory and strategic policies to manage non-renewable resources
resources sustainable
■ Encourage all sectors to embrace “green technology” in production and processes
■ Develop a comprehensive energy policy
Leverage on ■ Increase focus on downstream high value added production and services
comparative ■ Develop a comprehensive energy policy
advantages for
high value added
products and
services
Meet international ■ Reduce carbon footprint in line with government commitment
commitments ■ Enforce clean air and water standards in utilizing natural resource i.e. pollution mitigation
Facilitate bank ■ Develop banking capacity to assess credit approvals for green investment using non-collateral
lending based criteria
and financing for ■ Liberalize entry of foreign experts specializing in financial analysis of viability of green technology
“green investment” projects
■ Support green technology investment with greater emphasis on venture capital funds
Ensure sound ■ Use appropriate pricing, regulatory and strategic policies to manage non-renewable resources
public finances sustainable
■ Reduce wastage and avoid cost overrun by better controlling expenditure
■ Establish open, efficient and transparent government procurement process
■ Adopt international best practices on fiscal transparency
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B.17 NEM, ETP AND THE 12 NATIONAL
KEY ECONOMIC AREAS (NKEAs)*
Oil, Gas and Energy
Palm Oil
Financial Services
Tourism
Business Services
Improving Electronics and Electrical
Wholesale and Retail
Education
Healthcare
Communications Content and Infrastructure
Agriculture
Greater Kuala Lumpur / Klang Valley
NKEAs = focus economic areas receiving government prioritized
support : funding, top talent and PM’s attention.
EPPs = Total 131 Entry Point Projects have been identified under NKEAs.
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B.18 KEY WORDS FROM THE NEW ECONOMIC MODEL (NEM)
“The weak track record of domestic innovation in Malaysia is reflected by the comparatively low
number of researchers. Low R&D expenditure results in a lack of innovation in the industrial
and export sector”.
“ . . . Inadequate creativity and English proficiency . . . “
“ . . . To build skills so that they can use their entrepreneurial instincts . . .”
“The economy will be market-led, well governed, regionally integrated entrepreneurial and
innovative.”
“growth through productivity. Focus on innovative processes and cutting-edge technology . . .”
“ . . Technologically capable industries and firms . . . Incentives to support innovation . . . To
enable entrepreneurs to develop higher value added products and services . . “
“ . . . Needed to spur an innovative, high value added economy.”
RECURRING BUZZ WORDS
Technology
The Knowledge Base
Value Add
Creative / Creativity
Innovativeness / Innovation
Entrepreneurial
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B.19 NEM AND THE INNOVATION ECONOMY
NEM in short is a clarion call for Malaysia to take vigorous steps to
Migrate to the K-based or the INNOVATION ECONOMY.
The Essence of the INNOVATION ECONOMY is growth through
economic restructuring and diversification into production of
manufactured goods and other modern goods and services with
High Value added including green products.
38
B.20 THE FOCUS AREAS OF THE 10TH
MALAYSIA PLAN (2011 – 2015)
Creating the environment for unleashing economic growth. This will be the anchor of the Plan, as
it details strategies to create an environment that fosters economic growth with the private sector
as the main driver;
Moving towards inclusive socio-economic development. There will be measures to ensure
income and wealth are distributed in an equitable manner thereby reducing inequalities. The
objective will be to build a more inclusive society;
Developing and retaining a first-world talent base. This will be key to promote productivity and
innovation-led growth. Central to this will be strategies to develop, attract and retain quality
talent base;
Building an environment that enhances quality of life. Economic growth will be supplemented by
strategies to raise the quality of life of the rakyat that commensurate with the country‟s higher
income status; and
Transforming Government to transform Malaysia. The role of government will evolve to become
an effective facilitator in the transformation of the economy and provide quality services to the
rakyat.
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B.21 10TH
MALAYSIA PLAN (2011 – 2015)
RM230 billion = USD75 billion
40
B.22 10th
MALAYSIA PLAN (2011 – 2015)
RM230 billion = USD75 billion
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B.23 INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE SUPPORTING
INNOVATION & R&D – 10TH
MALAYSIA PLAN (2011 – 2015)
National Innovation Council (NIC)
Chaired by PM
Provide strategic leadership
Policy decision making
Innovation Malaysia, PM’s Department
Provide policy inputs to NIC
Oversee functioning of the NIS
Undertake evaluation of poli cy instruments
and programmes
Assess Innovation outcomes
Other ministries /agencies/
/universities/research institutions
To support innovation activities
in their respective areas
MOSTI
Secretarial to NIC
Formulate policies for S&T
development
Oversee resource allocation for
technological innovation
National Science & Research
Council (NSRC)
Set priorities for R&D
investment
Evaluate R&D programme &
monitor outcomes
MTDC
Nurture technology based enterprises
Provide support services for
commercialization
MPC
Undertake productivity
enhancement research & activities
Advisory & training to enable
enterprise innovation
Source: Economic Planning Unit
MITI
Promote enterprises innovation
Oversee resource allocation for
non-technological innovation
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B.24 STATUS OF STI IN INDUSTRY
There is a consensus of poor achievement; low appetite for technology
and innovation, no industrial deepening despite various government
policies and master plans, roadmaps and incentives.
Need for change of mindset; leadership, sense of urgency
Industry-Government Technology and Innovation Agenda
- In house R & D
- Out sourced
- Collaboration with RIs and
- Joint Government – Industry Research Centres
- Contribution to a central R&D fund
Role of GLCs – GLCs as a technology and innovation powerhouses
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B.25 MALAYSIA’S VITAL STATISTICS
Population – 28.3 million (2010)
Real GDP – USD 207.4 billion (2009)
GDP per capita – RM26,420; (2009 – 2010) – USD 8,256; PPP 12,977
(10th Plan target: USD12,000);
GDP – by sectors : agriculture (10.1%), industry (42.3%) & services
(47.6%)
GDP growth – 2007 (6.5%), 2008 (4.7%), 2009 (1.7%) & 2010 (6.0% -
estimated) (Q1 -10.1% & Q2 6.0%)
Poverty – 3.8% (2009)
(less than USD1000 per month) – (Hard cover poverty : 1.8%)
Unemployment rate – 3.6%
WEF Global Competitiveness Index 2010 = No. 26
IMP World Competitiveness Scoreboard 2010 = No.10
44
B.26 MALAYSIA’S GROSS EXPENDITURE ON R&D –
GERD
World Ranking:
GERD: 37; GERD/GDP = 44; GERD per capita=41 (IMD Top 50 ranked countries)
Scientists/engineers per 10,000 labor force = 20.3 (2008)
45
C. STI Policy Imperatives –
Proposed Framework
4646
C1. FROM THE INNOVATION ECONOMY
ECOSYSTEM TO THE NATIONAL INNOVATION
SYSTEM (NIS)
FinanceHuman Capital
(K-Workers) InstitutionsLaw and
RegulationsProcess and
Management
K-Generation &
Acquisition
K-Utilisation &
Commercialization
Government
People At
Large
Enterprises
Make Some
Government
Enterprises
Buy Some
Standards
Trade and
Business
47
C.2 INFORMATION FLOW AND THE STI
ADVISORY SYSTEM
In the context of Innovation Economy holistic approach to policy formulation is important;
not separating STI Development policy from National Development policy or Industrial
Development or any other sectoral policies.
The concept of Policy for STI and STI for Policy or Development of STI and STI for
Development becomes evermore important and information flow between sectoral
systems must be facilitated.
Information flow between all stakeholders especially between government, technology
generators and private sectors to get buy-in.
An integrated and inclusive STI Advisory System is crucial.
Moving the STI agenda requires Champions in public and private sectors and champions
require advice.
Advisory mechanism must have legitimacy, authority, capacity and linkages to deliver
objective, neutral and timely advice.
48
C.3 PROPOSAL FOR POLICY RESPONSES
1) Intensifying the capacity for knowledge generation and acquisition
2) Increasing knowledge intensity in traditional economic sector
3) Increasing productivity, innovative capacity and competitiveness in
manufacturing and k-economic sectors
4) Education and human capital development
5) Intensifying knowledge content in governance
6) Enhancement of Entrepreneur Development
7) Innovative Financing mechanism and support system for
commercialization of technology and innovation
8) Creating a national culture of creativity and innovation
9) Enhancing knowledge management
10) Promoting science ethics and smart partnership ethos and practices
11) Enhancing the STI Advisory System
12) Securing Private Sector Buy-In
49
C.4 MOVING THE STI AGENDA –
THE STI HUMAN RESOURCE PYRAMID
CHAMPIONS
POPULARISERS
PLANNERS
MANAGERS
EDUCATORS
PRACTITIONERS
ADVISORS
SCIENCE IS TOO IMPORTANT TO BE LEFT TO SCIENTISTS AND TECHNOLOGISTS ALONE !
-Entrepreneurs
-Industry leaders
• Science & technology
professionals
• Researchers
50
K-Generation &
Acquisition
K-Utilisation &
CommercializationThe NIS Value Chain
Champions
Advisors
Popularisers
Planners
Managers
Educators
Practitioners
Champions
Advisors
Popularisers
Planners
Managers
Educators
Practitioners
STATE
INSTITUTIONS
INDUSTRY
COMPANIES
C5. THE NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM, –
GOVERNMENT INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIP
51
C.6 TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT BEST
PRACTICE – THE STI POLICY IMPERATIVES
CHECK LIST
Political Commitment
Policy Integration
S&T Advisory System
S&T Development Planning and Coordination
Infrastructure for STI Development & Acquisition
Funding & Management of R&D
Mechanism for Commercialization of Research & Technology
Integrated Human Resource Development
Mechanism for S&T Enculturisation
Smart Partnership Practices
52
ISTIC SPCU TEAM
• Coordinator : Tan Sri Datuk Dr Omar Abdul Rahman
• Collaborating Organizations:
• IEMP@MUST, Malaysia
• PRIMA Consulting, Malaysia
• Commonwealth Partnership for Technology Management
– CPTM, London
• ISTIC – email : [email protected]
• website : http://www.istic-unesco.org
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