7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
1/33
BIODIVERSITY
THREATSBy Inna Mercado
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
2/33
Biodiversity loss
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
3/33
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
4/33
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
5/33
WHAT IS EXTINCTION?
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
6/33
EXTINCTION
The end of an organism or of a group of organisms
The death of the last individual of the speciesdefines the moment of extinction
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
7/33
Natural Causes
It is believed that 99.9% of allthe species that ever lived areextinct.
Typically, a species becomeextinct within 10 million yearsof its first existence
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
8/33
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
9/33
BAIJI DOLPHIN (2006)
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
10/33
Hawaiian Bird (2002)
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
11/33
Habitat Destruction
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
12/33
HABITAT DESTRUCTION
The process in which a natural habitat is consideredunable to sustain the species present
Primary cause of extinction worldwide
Currently, the most threatened habitats orecosystems are the ones found in freshwater
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
13/33
In 1986, 82% of endangered bird specieswere significantly threatened due to
habitat loss.
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
14/33
Tropical rainforests are being destroyed
at the rate of 0.8-2.0% per year
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
15/33
Human Activities AffectingHabitat Loss
ACTIVITY HABITATSAFFECTED
IMPACT
SHORELINEARMOURING
Intertidal and subtidalshorelines
Increased exposure towave energy; fewerspecies can survive
FISHING Subtidal and deepwater marine areas
- Physical destructionof bottom-dwellingplants/animals- By-catch
DREDGING Subtidal, intertidal andfreshwater habitats
- Physical destructionof bottom-dwellingplants/animals- Fewer plants cangrow in reduced light;- fish gills become
clogged with sediment
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
16/33
Human Activities Affecting HabitatLoss
ACTIVITY HABITATSAFFECTED
IMPACT
DIKING AND IN-
FILLING
Estuaries, shorelines,
wetlands
- Productive intertidal
and wetland habitat isdestroyed
LOGGING ANDVEGETATIONREMOVAL
Marine, upland,freshwater habitats
- Destroys structure ofhabitat-machinery disturbs
soil- Can create erosion
LOG BOOMING Lakes, shelteredmarine habitats
- Destruction ofbottom-dwelling
plants/animals-Decomposition of
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
17/33
Human Activities AffectingHabitat Loss
ACTIVITY HABITATS AFFECTED IMPACT
AGRICULTURE Upland, marine,freshwater habitats
- Replacement of diversehabitats with single-species crops
- Possible runoff oflivestock wastes,pesticides, fertilizers,into freshwater andmarine environments
INDUSTRIAL ANDAUTOMOBILEPOLLUTION
All habitats - Many substances aredirectly toxic toplants/animals; othershave long-termcumulative effects onhealth
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
18/33
Introduced and Invasive
Species
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
19/33
Introduced and InvasiveSpecies
- A species living outside its native range though humanactivity either accidentally or intentionally.
- May be beneficial or not
Invasive Species
Introduced Species
- Introduced species that lead to adverseaffects to habitats they have invaded
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
20/33
Invasive Species
Often upsets the balance within ecosystems
May cause disruptions by dominating a region from
loss of control
Reproduce rapidly due to being free from predationand competition
Introduced species become invasive if itoutcompetes native species for resources
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
21/33
Common Invasive Traits
Fast growth
Rapid Reproduction
High dispersal ability
Phenotypic plasticity
Tolerance of a wide range of environmental conditions
Ability to live off of a wide range of food types Association with humans
Prior successful invasions
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
22/33
Ecological Facilitation
Occurs when a species alters its environment withthe use of chemicals or manipulating abiotic factors
Allows invasive species to proliferate while makingtheir environment less favorable to competitors
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
23/33
BROWN TREE SNAKE
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
24/33
Ecological Facilitation
Centaura Bromus Tectorum
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
25/33
Overexploitation
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
26/33
Overexploitation
Occurs when a resource is consumed at anunsustainable rate, given their natural rates ofmortality and capacities for reproduction
May be in the form of overhunting, excessivelogging and illegal wildlife trade
O h i /Wildlif
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
27/33
Over-hunting/WildlifeSmuggling
Highly profitable
Done usually for economic
reasons such as for foodand clothing
Can cause cascade effects
Hy ri ization Genetic
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
28/33
Hy ri ization, GeneticErosion/Pollution, and Food
Security Imply a lack of genetic diversity
Formerly used gene pools of various indigenousbreeds have collapsed due to geneticpollution/erosion
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
29/33
Genetic Erosion
A process wherein an endangered species with alimited gene pool diminishes even before it gets thechance to meet and breed with others in theirpopulation
May also be caused by habitat fragmentation
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
30/33
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
31/33
Climate Change
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
32/33
Climate Change
7/30/2019 MBB Biodiversity
33/33
Coral Bleaching
An increase in thepreferred temperature maycause discoloration
Causes death among corals