Mapping the Realm ofMapping the Realm ofHot JupitersHot Jupiters
Bun’ei Sato, Shigeru IdaBun’ei Sato, Shigeru Ida (( TitechTitech )) ,,Eri ToyotaEri Toyota (( Kobe Univ.Kobe Univ. )) , Masashi Omiya, Masashi Omiya (( Tokai Tokai
Univ.Univ. )) ,,Debra FischerDebra Fischer (( SFSUSFSU )) ,,
Greg LaughlinGreg Laughlin (( UC Santa CruzUC Santa Cruz )) ,,Paul ButlerPaul Butler (( Carnegie Inst. of WashingtonCarnegie Inst. of Washington )) ,,
Geoff MarcyGeoff Marcy (( UC BerkeleyUC Berkeley ))
Mapping the Realm of Hot JupitersMapping the Realm of Hot Jupiters
Doppler search for Hot Jupiters with Doppler search for Hot Jupiters with Subaru/HDS, Keck, MagellanSubaru/HDS, Keck, Magellan (( N2K consortiuN2K consortiumm )) Hunting “transiting” planetsHunting “transiting” planets Since 2004, 14 planets were discovered from N2KSince 2004, 14 planets were discovered from N2K 2 transiting planets 2 transiting planets (( HD149026b, HD149026b, HD17156bHD17156b ) )
from Subaru !!from Subaru !! Many planet-candidates are waiting for follow-upMany planet-candidates are waiting for follow-up
Subaru intensive programSubaru intensive program S06AS06A (( 10 nights10 nights )) , S06B, S06B (( 10 nights10 nights )) Determine orbital parameters of planet-candidates Determine orbital parameters of planet-candidates
making use of long time-baselinemaking use of long time-baseline
Hot JupitersHot Jupiters Giant planets in short-period orbitsGiant planets in short-period orbits
PP << 14d: ~70 HJ so far (30 are from transit surveys)14d: ~70 HJ so far (30 are from transit surveys) Frequency ~ 1%Frequency ~ 1%
High-probability transit candidatesHigh-probability transit candidates information about planet itself information about planet itself (( radius, internal radius, internal
structure, atmosphere, etc.structure, atmosphere, etc. )) ex) HD149026b has an extraordinary huge solid core ex) HD149026b has an extraordinary huge solid core
(Sato et al. 2005)(Sato et al. 2005) Tracers of multi-planet systemsTracers of multi-planet systems
resonant configurationresonant configuration orbital evolution of planetary systemsorbital evolution of planetary systems
Test case of planet formation theoryTest case of planet formation theory migration, tidal circularization,,,migration, tidal circularization,,,
N2K ConsortiumN2K Consortium
Search for Hot Jupiters around Search for Hot Jupiters around next 2000 solar-type starsnext 2000 solar-type stars
KeckKeck (( USAUSA )、)、 MagellanMagellan (( ChileChile )、)、SubaruSubaru (( JapanJapan ))
Aiming to detect Aiming to detect 60 Hot Jupiters 60 Hot Jupiters andand 5-6 5-6 transiting planetstransiting planets
Precise Doppler measurementPrecise Doppler measurementusing Iodine absorption cellusing Iodine absorption cell
Current precision with HDSCurrent precision with HDS ~4 m/s ~4 m/s (( short-termshort-term )) ~10 m/s ~10 m/s (( long-termlong-term ))
StrategyStrategyDatabase of 14,000 starsDatabase of 14,000 stars
・ ・ VV << 10.5, d10.5, d << 110 pc, FGK V,IV110 pc, FGK V,IV
・ ・ metalliicty, activity, binary,,,metalliicty, activity, binary,,,
High priority to metal-rich starsHigh priority to metal-rich stars
Detection probability fromMonte Carlo Simulation 3+1 3+1 nights observationnights observation
・・ Identify candidates in Identify candidates in 3 consecutive 3 consecutive nightsnights ・ ・ RMSRMS >> 20 m/s → follow-up20 m/s → follow-up ・ ・ RMSRMS << 20 m/s → drop20 m/s → drop・・ Confirm candidates after 1 more nightConfirm candidates after 1 more nightin 1 month later in 1 month later
( 0.5MJ )
P=0.03x10^2[Fe/H]
Status: Keck & MagellanStatus: Keck & Magellan
MagellanMagellan
KeckKeck
600 stars600 stars12 planets (6 hot Jupiters)12 planets (6 hot Jupiters)30 more planet candidates30 more planet candidates
3 nights/yr3 nights/yr
380 stars380 stars20 planet candidates20 planet candidates
3-4 nights/yr3-4 nights/yr
Status: SubaruStatus: Subaru
635635 stars stars >3 times: 512 stars>3 times: 512 stars <2 times: 123 stars <2 times: 123 stars
•S04AS04A (( 4 nights4 nights ))•S04BS04B (( 4 nights4 nights ))•S05BS05B (( 5 nights5 nights ))
•S06AS06A (( 10 nights10 nights )) 6 6 (( Jun.Jun. )) +4 +4 (( Jul.Jul. ))
•S06BS06B (( 10 nights10 nights )) 10 10 (( Dec.Dec. ))
find planet candidatesfind planet candidates
confirm orbital parametersconfirm orbital parameters(( and find new planet candidatesand find new planet candidates ))
•S08AS08A (( 1.5 nights1.5 nights )) follow-up planet candidatesfollow-up planet candidates
Metallicity: All N2K TargetsMetallicity: All N2K Targets
Fischer et al. in preparation
Nobs = 188
1291 stars
88 planets expected
P=0.03x10^2[Fe/H]
Metallicity: Subaru TargetsMetallicity: Subaru Targets
Fischer et al. in preparation
Nobs = 188
504 stars
30 planets expected
P=0.03x10^2[Fe/H]
RV Variations: Subaru TargetsRV Variations: Subaru Targets
471 stars
64 stars ( 20<σRV<200 m/s )-2 published planets -HD149026, HD17156-3 strong planet-candidates at present-15 stars showing intermediate- to long-term trend (planet or SB)-20 possible planet-candidates-Others (active stars etc.)
Planet Candidates from SubaruPlanet Candidates from SubaruP~35d
P~700dP~500d
Green:Keck Red : Subaru
P=21.2 dK1=275 m/s
e=0.67e=0.67
Mpsini=3.1 MJUP
a=0.15 AUa=0.15 AU
HD 17156 ( G0V, V=8.2 ) M1=1.2M, R1=1.47R
[Fe/H]=0.24, Age=5.7Gyr
Periastron distance q=a ( 1-e ) =0.05 AU0.05 AU
Tidal force from the central star
Green:Keck Red : Subaru
HD17156b
Mercury
Fischer et al. 2007, ApJ, 669, 1336
Eccentric Short-Period Planet: Eccentric Short-Period Planet: HD 17156 bHD 17156 b
Planet evolving to a hot Jupiter?
Eccentricity Distribution of Eccentricity Distribution of ExoplanetsExoplanets
HD 17156 b
q=0.05 AU
circularized
Formation of Hot JupiterFormation of Hot Jupiter
Orbital MigrationOrbital Migrationmigration due to interaction with diskmigration due to interaction with disksmall eccentricitysmall eccentricity
Sling-shot ScenarioSling-shot Scenariogravitational interaction between planetsgravitational interaction between planetsone planet scattered close to the central star one planet scattered close to the central star
(with large eccentricity) becomes a hot Jupiter (with large eccentricity) becomes a hot Jupiter due to tidal force from the central stardue to tidal force from the central star
Aug. 16, 2008 Web release (homepage of Subaru)
Transit Detection in HD17156Transit Detection in HD17156
Transit depth ~ 0.6 %Barbieri et al. 2007, A&A, 476, L13
Sep. 9-10, 2007 (UT) Amateur in Italy
Rplanet1.15±0.11RJUPTwo of the two planets found bySubaru are transiting ones !!
Sky Projected Angle between Stellar Spin Sky Projected Angle between Stellar Spin Axis and Planetary Orbital AxisAxis and Planetary Orbital Axis :: λλ
λ=0° λ=60°λ=30°
Stellar spin axisis on YZ-plane
Ohta et al. 2005
Gaudi & Winn 2007
RM effect λ and VssinIs
Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect
Previous ObservationsPrevious Observations
λ ( ° ) Mp ( M
J )a ( AU )
e Reference
HD209458 -4.4±1.4 0.66 0.0474 0.015 Winn et al. 2005
HD189733 -1.4±1.1 1.13 0.0312 0.001 Winn et al. 2006
HD147506 1.2±13.4 8.0 0.0686 0.5 Winn et al. 2007
HD149026 -12±15 0.35 0.0432 0 Wolf et al. 2007
TrES-1 30±21 0.76 0.0394 0 Narita et al. 2007
|| λλ || =0=0 ~~ 30°30°No large misalignmentNo large misalignment
Photometric and Spectroscopic Photometric and Spectroscopic Observations of HD17156Observations of HD17156
by Osamu Oshimaat Kurashiki-shi
Planet radius/Stellar radius= 0.084621.21±0.12RJ
Narita et al. PASJ, submitted
Orbital Period=21.2162±0.0036 d
11 Nov. 2007
RM effect RM effect λ=62±25°λ=62±25°@ OAO/HIDES
● 岡山、▲すばる、■ケック
λ=60°
Narita et al. PASJ, submitted
HD17156HD17156
λ ( ° ) Mp ( M
J )a ( AU )
e Ref.
HD209458 -4.4±1.4 0.66 0.047 0.015 Winn et al. 2005
HD189733 -1.4±1.1 1.13 0.031 0.001 Winn et al. 2006
HD147506 1.2±13.4 8.0 0.069 0.5 Winn et al. 2007
HD149026 -12±15 0.35 0.043 0 Wolf et al. 2007
TrES-1 30±21 0.76 0.039 0 Narita et al. 2007
HD17156HD17156 62±2562±25 3.133.13 0.150.15 0.670.67 Narita et al. 2007Narita et al. 2007
First possible candidateFirst possible candidatewith large spin-orbit misalignmentwith large spin-orbit misalignment
Summary & Future ProspectsSummary & Future Prospects
2 planets have been found so far from Subaru2 planets have been found so far from Subaru both of them are transiting ones, and they are unique and give big both of them are transiting ones, and they are unique and give big
impact on planet formation theoryimpact on planet formation theory
Metallicity database of all the N2K targets will be Metallicity database of all the N2K targets will be published soonpublished soon
Improvement of RV precision of HDS is still requiredImprovement of RV precision of HDS is still required ~10 m/s offset between observing runs~10 m/s offset between observing runs
Continuous observations are necessary to investigate Continuous observations are necessary to investigate cause of RV variations for 40 more candidatescause of RV variations for 40 more candidates Queue-observations are helpfulQueue-observations are helpful Ex.) 1-2 hours x many daysEx.) 1-2 hours x many days