BY: T I E R RA S A N F O R D & KAY L A M C C RAY
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
WHAT IS THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM?
• A system of glands that release vital hormones into the bloodstream• A hormone is a specific messenger made
and secreted by an endocrine gland.
• Helps regulate the body’s growth, metabolism, function, and sexual development
HORMONES
THE MAJOR ORGANS
• Hypothalamus• Pituitary• Thyroid• Parathyroid• Adrenal glands• Pancreas• Gonads• Thymus• Pineal Body
HYPOTHALAMUS
• Location: the brain• Target: sends
hormones to the interior pituitary• Function: regulates
secretion of the pituitary gland, heartbeat, temperature, and water balance
PITUITARY GLANDS
• Location: the brain, connected to the hypothalamus
• Target: sends hormones to the liver, kidney, gonads, and the thyroid and adrenal glands
• Function: it controls hormone functions such as our temperature, thyroid activity, growth during childhood, urine production,• functions as our thermostat
that controls all other glands that are responsible for hormone secretion
THYROID
• Location: the throat area• Target: sends
hormones to all tissues• Function: increases
metabolism, helps control health and development, and helps lower blood calcium levels
PARATHYROID GLANDS
• Location: on the posterior surface of the thyroid• Target: sends
hormones to the bones, kidneys, and intestines• Function: Raises
blood calcium level
ADRENAL GLANDS
• Location: on top of the kidney
• Target:• Adrenal cortex: all tissues • Adrenal medulla: cardiac and
other muscles
• Function: Secrete hormones that regulate chemical balance and metabolism
• Has two portions, the cortex and the medulla that produce:• Estrogen• Progesterone• Adrenaline• Norepinephrine
PANCREAS
• Location: across the back of the abdomen, behind the stomach
• Target: small intestines
• Function: The pancreas has 2 parts.• the exocrine pancreas,
which secretes digestive enzymes
• the endocrine pancreas that secretes hormones called insulin and glucagon. • These hormones regulate the
level of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
GONADS
• Location: testicles in the men and ovaries in the women
• Target:• Function:
• The Gonads consist of the testes and the ovaries.
• The testes produce androgens. (e.g., testosterone)
• The ovaries produce estrogens. (e.g., progesterone)
THYMUS
• Location:• Target:• Function:
PINEAL BODY
• Location:• Target:• Function:
DISEASES
• When glands produce more or less hormones needed by the body, diseases may occur.• These diseases include:• Adrenal deficiency• Types one and two diabetes• Precocious puberty• Hyperthyroidism
ADRENAL DEFICIENCY
• Adrenal deficiency can be primary or secondary.
• Primary adrenal insufficiency, Addison's disease, occurs when the adrenal glands are damaged and cannot produce enough of the hormone cortisol and often the hormone aldosterone.
• Secondary adrenal deficiency occurs when the pituitary gland fails to produce enough adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), a hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol. Secondary adrenal insufficiency is much more common than Addison's disease.
DIABETES
PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY
• Abnormal early puberty occurring when glands tell the body to release sex hormones too soon in life.
HYPERTHYROIDISM
• Hyperthyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormone than the body needs.
CITATION PAGE
• http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio105/endocrin.htm• http://www.hormone.org/
endocrine_system_diseases.cfm• http://www.endocrine.niddk.nih.gov/• http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/
endocrine/hypopit/overview.html
Top Related