SKR1102 4:10:41 PM
cikguamirul.wordpress.com 1
Menggunakan Peralatan Bengkel
Image: www.specialized.netImage: https://www.ebay.com
1. Tujuan Menggunakan Peralatan Bengkel2. Pengenalan kepada peralatan tangan seperti:
2.1 Alatan Tangan Asas2.2 Alatan Pemotong2.3 Alatan Membenang2.4 Alatan Pengukuran2.5 Alatan Berkuasa2.6 Mesin Gerudi Tangan2.7 Mesin Canai Tangan2.8 Mesin Kimpalan Arka dan Gas
3. Pengenalan kepada kendalian Hoist & Floor jack
4. Pengenalan kepada asas lakaran geometri
KANDUNGAN
• Alatan tangan digunakan dalam proses melonggarkan dan
mengetatkan screw / bolt / nut dalam bidang Automotif.
• Alatan tangan mestilah sesuai dengan bahan dan tujuan
untuk mengelakkan kerosakan pada alat tangan, screw,
bolt, atau nut .
• Kemahiran mengendalikan alatan tangan dan faktor
keselamatan semasa menggunakan alatan juga perlu
dijaga.
TUJUAN MENGGUNAKAN PERALATAN BENGKEL Bolts, screws and nuts
Types of bolts
Through Bolt Tap Bolt Stud Bolt
Types of Nuts
Palnut Self-Locking Interference
Collar
Self-Locking
Hex Slotted Hex Castle
(or Castellated)
Acorn Square
Hexagonal
Head
Internal
Hex (Allen)Fluted Phillips Round
Head
Flat
Head
Fillister
Head
Oval
Head
Various Types of Screw heads
BOLTS, SCREWS & NUTS
Sumber: INOKOM
Bolt and nut size indication
B
B
B
Hexagonal bolt Hexagonal nut
M 10 x 1.25
Pitch
Nominal diameter (d)
Metric Thread
Thread nominal diameter D Diameter P Pitch B Width across flats
M5 5mm 0.8mm 8mm
M6 6mm 1mm 10mm
M8 8mm 1.25mm 12mm
M10 10mm 1.25mm or 1.5mm 14mm
Examples of General Bolts and Nuts
60°
Pitch p
A D
Bolt (External Thread) Nut (Internal Thread)
BOLTS & NUTS
Sumber: INOKOM
Bolt and nut tightening torque
1kg (Mass)
1 kg.f or 9.8N
(Weight or force)
1m 1 kg.f or 9.8N
(Force in this case)
10cm (0.1m)
10kg (100N)
100kg.f x 0.1m = 1kg.m
or
100N x 0.1m = 10N.m
10kg (100N)
20cm (0.2m)
100kg.f x 0.2m = 2kg.m
or
100N x 0.2m = 20N.m
Torque wrench
BOLTS, SCREWS & NUTS
Sumber: INOKOM
SKR1102 4:10:41 PM
cikguamirul.wordpress.com 2
Bolt property class Thread Pitch Standard tightening Torque (Nm.cm, lb.ft)
Head Mark 4 Head Mark 7
M5 0.8 3 ~ 4 (30 ~ 40, 2.2 ~ 2.9) 5 ~ 6 (50 ~ 60, 3.6 ~ 4.3)
M6 1.0 5 ~ 6 (50 ~ 60, 3.6 ~ 4.3) 9 ~ 11 (90 ~ 110, 6.5 ~ 8.0)
M8 1.25 12 ~ 15 (120 ~ 150, 9 ~ 11) 30 ~ 50 (300 ~ 500, 22 ~ 36)
M10 1.25 25 ~ 30 (250 ~ 300, 18 ~ 22) 60 ~ 80 (600 ~ 800, 43 ~ 58)
M12 1.25 35 ~ 45 (350 ~ 450, 25 ~ 33) 120 ~ 140 (1,200 ~ 1,400, 85 ~
100)
M14 1.5 75 ~ 85 (750 ~ 850, 54 ~ 61) 120 ~ 140 (1,200 ~ 1,400, 85 ~
100)
M16 1.5 110 ~ 130 (1,100 ~ 1,300, 80
~ 94)
180 ~ 210 (1,800 ~ 2,100, 130 ~
150)
M18 1.5 160 ~ 180 (1,600 ~ 1,800,
116 ~ 130)
260 ~ 300 (2,600 ~ 3,000, 190 ~
215)
M20 1.5 220 ~ 250 (2,200 ~ 2,500,
160 ~ 180)
360 ~ 420 (3,600 ~ 4,200, 260 ~
300)
M22 1.5 290 ~ 330 (2,900 ~ 3,300,
210 ~ 240)
480 ~ 550 (4,800 ~ 5,500, 350 ~
400)
M24 1.5 360 ~ 420 (3,600 ~ 4,200,
260 ~ 300)
610 ~ 700 (6,100 ~ 7,000, 440 ~
505)
BOLTS Sumber: INOKOM
Punch
Corrective steps against tightening failures
Pipe wrench
Removal of Broken Bolt
Screw Extractor
Removal of Broken Bolt remained within the thread
Using a screw extractor
Using another screw
Sumber: INOKOM
Washers, pins and keys
Plain Spring Lock External
Tooth Lock
Internal
Tooth Lock
Lock Washer
Washer Nut (or screwhead)
Lock Washer Flat Washer
Split pin Taper pin Straight pin Roll pin
Pins
Keys
Square key Flat key Woodruff key
WASHER, PINS & KEYS
Sumber: INOKOM
Correct usage of wrench and screwdriver
Safety Precautions
No good No good OK No good OK
Sumber: INOKOM
OPEN-END SPANNER
RATCHETING RING SPANNER
60° OFFSET RING SPANNER
10° OFFSET RING SPANNER
RING SPANNER
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
COMBINATION SPANNERS
OPEN-END AND RING SPANNEROPEN-END AND SOCKET
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
SKR1102 4:10:41 PM
cikguamirul.wordpress.com 3
EXTRA DEEP
SOCKET SPANNERS
DOUBLE HEXAGONAL
SINGLE HEXAGONALTORX DRIVE
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
RATCHET & SOCKET SET
EXTENSIONBREAKER
BREAKER
SOCKET ACCESSORIES
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
SPEED BRACE BAR
SLIDING HANDLE
UNIVERSAL JOINT
SOCKET ACCESSORIES
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
FLARE NUT
S-SHAPEC-SHAPE
SPECIAL RING SPANNERS
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
ADJUSTABLE SPANNER
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
PIPE WRENCHSTRAPWRENCH
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
SKR1102 4:10:41 PM
cikguamirul.wordpress.com 4
FLAT TIP
SCREWDRIVERS
PHILIPS
POZIDRIZ
ELECTRICAL
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
POZIDRIZ
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
TOOL KIT WHEEL BRACECROSS WHEEL BRACE
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
COMBINATION
PLIERS
LONG-NOSE
SLIP JOINT
BENT-NOSE
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
PLIERS
MULTI-GRIP
DIAGONAL-CUTTING
END-CUTTING
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
CIRCLIP PLIERS
CURVED EXTERNAL
CURVED INTERNAL
STRAIGHT EXTERNAL
STRAIGHT INTERNAL
INTERNAL EXTERNAL
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
SKR1102 4:10:41 PM
cikguamirul.wordpress.com 5
VICE-GRIP PLIERS
STANDARD GRIP
LONG NOSE
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
CLAMPS
G-CLAMP
SHEET METAL
SHEET METAL
PIPE CLAMP
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
WELDING CLAMP
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
HAMMERS
CROSSPEIN
BALLPEINMALLET
CROSSPEIN
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
BRONZE-TIP
PLASTIC HEAD
PANEL BEATER
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
SCRIBER/PENGGARIT DIVIDER
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
SKR1102 4:10:41 PM
cikguamirul.wordpress.com 6
T -WRENCH
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
SPARK PLUG OPENER
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
IMPACT SCREWDRIVER
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
ALLEN KEY Contoh Skru
Berkepala Heksagon
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
Image: https://www.harborfreight.com
AIR GUN
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
TYRE LEVER
Saiz kecil
Saiz besar
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
SKR1102 4:10:41 PM
cikguamirul.wordpress.com 7
SCRAPER
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
CENTER PUNCH
(PENANDA PUSAT)
Hujung
Mata
BadanKepala
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
CENTER PUNCH
(PENANDA PUSAT)
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
CENTRE PUNCHES PIN PUNCHES
HACKSAW (GERGAJI BESI)
Bingkai
Hulu
BilahNat
Pelaras
ALATAN PEMOTONG
SIDE-CUTTING PLIERS
(PLAYAR PEMOTONG SISI)
ALATAN PEMOTONG
COLD CHISELS
ALATAN PEMOTONG
SKR1102 4:10:41 PM
cikguamirul.wordpress.com 8
FILES
ALATAN PEMOTONG
METAL SHEARS &BOLTCUTTERS
METAL CUTTING SHEARSBOLTCUTTERS
ALATAN PEMOTONG
ALATAN MEMBENANG
Tap and die
Taper
Plug
Bottoming
Cutting oil
Back out
half a turn
Turn one
turn forward
Round cutting die
ALATAN MEMBENANG
ALATAN MEMBENANG ALATAN MEMBENANG
SKR1102 4:10:41 PM
cikguamirul.wordpress.com 9
STEEL RULER (PEMBARIS KELULI )
ALATAN PENGUKURAN
ENGINEERING TRY SQUARE
( SESIKU L )
ALATAN PENGUKURAN
FEELER GAUGE (TOLOK PERASA)
ALATAN PENGUKURAN
Feeler, threading and plastic gauge Threading Gauge
Plastic Gauge
Sumber: INOKOM
Bilah
Kedalaman
Skala
UtamaSkala
Vernier
Skru
PengunciRahang Luar
Rahang Dalam
Badan
ALATAN PENGUKURAN
VERNIER CALIPER (ANGKUP VERNIER)
Vernier caliper
0
0
0
5
5
5
10
10
10
15
15
15
0
1
5
0.9mm Sliding vernier scale
1mm
Measurement5.0 mm
Fixed scale
Measurement5.1 mm
Measurement5.5 mm
Sliding vernier scale
Fixed scale
Indicating scale
Sumber: INOKOM
SKR1102 4:10:41 PM
cikguamirul.wordpress.com 10
ALATAN PENGUKURAN ALATAN PENGUKURAN
Correct and incorrect usage of the Vernier Caliper
(Inside diameter) (Depth)
Incorrect usage
Regular scale jaw
Object to
be measured
Vernier scale jaw
Depth
stick
Regular scale
Correct usage
(Outside diameter)
A B C
A B C
ALATAN PENGUKURAN
Sumber: INOKOM
MICROMETER
1. Bingkai
2. Andas
3. Spindal
4. Pengunci Spindal
5. Sarung
6. Jidal
7. Richet
ALATAN PENGUKURAN
ALATAN PENGUKURAN
Micrometer
click
click click
Clamp lock
Sleeve
Anvil Spindle
Thimble
Tapered nut
Ratchet
stop
ALATAN PENGUKURAN
SKR1102 4:10:41 PM
cikguamirul.wordpress.com 11
ALATAN PENGUKURAN ALATAN PENGUKURAN
ALATAN PENGUKURAN ALATAN PENGUKURAN
MULTIMETER
AnalogDigital
ALATAN PENGUKURAN
BATTERY TESTER
ALATAN PENGUKURAN
SKR1102 4:10:41 PM
cikguamirul.wordpress.com 12
HYDROMETER BATTERY
ALATAN PENGUKURAN
COMPRESSION TESTER
ALATAN PENGUKURAN
ALAT TANGAN ASAS
TYRE INFLATOR CONNECTOR
TYRE INFLATION GAUGE TYRE THREAD GAUGE
ALATAN PENGUKURAN
AUTOMOTIVE SCAN TOOL
ALATAN PENGUKURAN
AUTOMOTIVE STRAIGHT EDGE
ALATAN PENGUKURAN
SKR1102 4:10:41 PM
cikguamirul.wordpress.com 13
CYLINDER BORE DIAL GAUGE
ALATAN PENGUKURAN
Dial gauge
Covering plate
Long pointer
Short pointer
Spindle
Measuring element
Measurement of runout
Measurement of bend
Dial Indicator with Magnetic base
Changeoverlever
Tightening portion
Post
Sumber: INOKOM
Cylinder gauge
Replacement Rod
Cylinder Gauge Set
Dial indicator
Extension adaptor
Grip
Replacement rod Guide plate
Setting Zero Position of Cylinder Gauge
How to read the scale Measurement of insidediameter of cylinder
Smaller
Bigger
Sumber: INOKOM
Feeler, threading and plastic gauge Threading Gauge
Plastic Gauge
Sumber: INOKOM
SURFACE PLATE
VEE BLOCKS
SKR1102 4:10:41 PM
cikguamirul.wordpress.com 14
IMPACT WRENCH
IMPACT SOCKET
ALATAN BERKUASA (POWER TOOL)
AIR IMPACT SCREWDRIVER
SCREW
ALATAN BERKUASA (POWER TOOL)
BUFFING TOOLS
ALATAN BERKUASA (POWER TOOL)
4. HAND POLISH MACHINE
ALATAN BERKUASA (POWER TOOL)
CUTTING MACHINE
ALATAN BERKUASA (POWER TOOL) MESIN GERUDI TANGAN (HAND DRILL)
SKR1102 4:10:41 PM
cikguamirul.wordpress.com 15
MESIN CANAI TANGAN (HAND GRINDER)
VISE (RAGUM)
LAIN-LAIN PERALATAN / MESIN
BEARING PULLER
LAIN-LAIN PERALATAN / MESIN
TORQUE WRENCH
SKALA /
BACAAN TORQUE
VIDEO : KENDALIAN TORQUE WRENCH
LAIN-LAIN PERALATAN / MESIN
Torque wrench and hydraulic press
Plate Type
Torque Wrench
Scale
Pointer
Preset Type
Torque Wrench
Vernier
Scale
Handle
Pressure gauge
Hydraulic pump
Cradle
lock pin
LAIN-LAIN PERALATAN / MESIN
Sumber: INOKOM
1.9 Lain-lain Peralatan / Mesin
OIL FILTER OPENER
JENIS RANTAI
JENIS TALI
JENIS PENUTUP
JENIS GELANG
SKR1102 4:10:41 PM
cikguamirul.wordpress.com 16
PISTON RING COMPRESSOR
LAIN-LAIN PERALATAN / MESIN
PISTON RING OPENER
LAIN-LAIN PERALATAN / MESIN
VALVE COMPRESSOR
Valve
LAIN-LAIN PERALATAN / MESIN
VALVE SEAL OPENER
Valve
Valve Seal
Valve Seat
LAIN-LAIN PERALATAN / MESIN
VALVE LAPPER SET
LAIN-LAIN PERALATAN / MESIN
TYRE VALVE CORE OPENER
Valve core
LAIN-LAIN PERALATAN / MESIN
SKR1102 4:10:41 PM
cikguamirul.wordpress.com 17
WEIGHT TOOL PLIERS
LAIN-LAIN PERALATAN / MESIN
TYRE REPAIR KITS
LAIN-LAIN PERALATAN / MESIN
AUTOMOTIVE STETHOSCOPE
LAIN-LAIN PERALATAN / MESIN
ENGINE STAND
LAIN-LAIN PERALATAN / MESIN
MESIN KIMPALAN ARKA & GAS MESIN KIMPALAN ARKA & GAS
SKR1102 4:10:41 PM
cikguamirul.wordpress.com 18
MESIN KIMPALAN ARKA & GAS MESIN KIMPALAN ARKA & GAS
MESIN KIMPALAN ARKA & GAS
ENGINE HOIST
VIDEO : KENDALIAN ENGINE HOIST
VIDEO : MENGIKAT BOLT ENGINE
KENDALIAN HOIST & FLOOR JACK
Garage jack, rigid rack and auto lift
Caster wheel
Handlebar
Saddle seat
Saddle seat arm
Rigid Rack Auto Lift
Lift
block
Lift
block
Sumber: INOKOM
KENDALIAN HOIST & FLOOR JACK
FLOOR JACK
VIDEO : KENDALIAN FLOOR JACK
KENDALIAN HOIST & FLOOR JACK
SKR1102 4:10:41 PM
cikguamirul.wordpress.com 19
CAR STAND
KENDALIAN HOIST & FLOOR JACK
2 – POST LIFT
VIDEO : KENDALIAN ENGINE HOIST
KENDALIAN HOIST & FLOOR JACK
4 – POST LIFT
KENDALIAN HOIST & FLOOR JACK
SCISSOR LIFT
KENDALIAN HOIST & FLOOR JACK
ASAS LAKARAN GEOMETRI ASAS LAKARAN GEOMETRI
SKR1102 4:10:41 PM
cikguamirul.wordpress.com 20
ASAS LAKARAN GEOMETRI ASAS LAKARAN GEOMETRI
ASAS LAKARAN GEOMETRI ASAS LAKARAN GEOMETRI
Elakkan menggunakan alatan yang tumpul atau rosak untuk
mengelakkan berlakunya kemalangan yang tidak diingini.
Alatan tangan mestilah sesuai dengan bahan dan tujuan
untuk mengelakkan kerosakan pada alat tangan, screw,
bolt, atau nut .
Sapukan minyak pada peralatan yang perlukan penjagaan
bagi mengelakkan ianya berkarat.
RUMUSAN