Deckblatt Focus on fine solutions
إدارة التقانات العالية
البازغة وتحدياتها High & Emerging Techs Mgt By Dr. Sabri MOURAD [email protected] Lecture 3
Definition of a Tourist
• Tourists are people who "travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four (24) hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited.
(UNWTO, 1995)
Definition Ottawa Conference (1991)
International Tourism:
• Travelers
– Visitors (included in statistics)
– Other Travelers
• Two types of Visitors:
– Tourist (Overnight Visitor)
– Same-day Visitor
A more easy definition:
A tourist is a temporary leisured person who voluntarily visits a place away from home for the purpose of experiencing a change
• Time: Temporary
• Choice: Voluntarily
• Destination: Place away from Home
• Motivation: Experience
Maslow’s needs and motivations
Maslow states that there is a hierarchy in human needs. When a lower need is fulfilled, than a person is motivated to pursue a higher need.
From low to high he distinguishes the following needs:
• Physiological: Food, Drink …
• Safety: Security (Health)
• Belonging: Love (Togetherness, Roots)
• Esteem: Status (Recognition)
• Self-Actualization: Be yourself (Self-discovery)
• Enhancement 1: To Know and Understand: Knowledge (Culture)
• Enhancement 2: Aesthetics: Beauty (Scenery)
Tourism is almost perceived as an enhancement, It needs to be perfect
Technologies in Tourism sector
Tourism sectors, some general information
There were 1035 million tourists in the world in 2012 (913 in 2008 and 935 in
2010)
Asia 233 million (204 million in 2010)
Africa 53 million (49 million in 2010)
Middle East 52 million (60 million in 2010)
Europe 534 million (471 million in 2010)
Americas 163 million (151 million in 2010)
In 2012, the tourism industry generates 1075 USD $ million (935 million in 2009).
An additional US$ 219 billion was recorded in receipts from international
passenger transport, bringing total exports generated by international
tourism in 2012 to US$ 1.3 trillion.
Technologies in Tourism sector
Technologies in Tourism sector
Technologies in Tourism sector
Tourism sectors, some general information. Top 10 destinations in millions
France
USA
China
Spain
Italy
UK
Turkey
Germany
Malaysia
Mexico
Technologies in Tourism sector
Tourism sectors, some general information. Top 10 revenues in Billions US$
USA
Spain
France
China
Italy
Germany
UK
Australia
Hong Kong
Thailand
2012
128
56
54
50
41
38
36
32
31
30
Technologies in Tourism sector
Tourism sectors, some general information
Tourism sector is very dynamic and a major source of jobs (more than 70 million
jobs worldwide)
Most of companies working in tourism are SMEs or personal affairs
Tourism is a major motor of investment in infrastructure
Tourism is characterized by the use of low qualified people but it uses a lot of
technologies
Tourism is a tool of Revitalization of poor or non-industrialized regions
Technologies in Tourism sector
Technologies trend in tourism sector
-High technologies to maintain the quality of the environment which is an
attractive factor for tourists
- High technologies to develop the tourism activity and to facilitate the tourism
-Web technologies and Internet
- Revival of cultural heritage (RCH)
- Customer reservation systems (CRS)
- Global distribution system (GDS)
- Geographic information system (GIS)
- Mobile and communication systems
- E-learning
- Human language technologies (HLT)
- Global positioning system (GPS)
- Automated Kiosks
Future impact of Tourism technologies on Syrian economy
Level of acceptance of the Syrian Economy
Impact
on S
yrian T
ourism
V limited
Limited
Medium
High
V. High
V Low Low Medium High V High
Internet Mobile
E-learning
GPS
CRS
GDS
Environment
Automated
kiosks
HLT RCH
Technologies in Tourism sector
Technologies in Tourism sector
Mobile technology for tourism
Holidaymakers are increasingly looking to take advantage of their
smartphone’s Internet capabilities to help them gather holiday information, find
reviews and even book tickets while travelling.
The total number of mobile Internet users are expected to reach 350 million by
2013 as a result of the increasing rise in smartphone popularity (2,2 billion
users of internet in general).
Thanks to smartphones the tourism business’ exposure can dramatically
increase:
• Website is available to be viewed from any smartphone
• Guests can leave comments on Facebook Page via their Facebook
smartphone or iPhone app.
• Anyone can read TripAdvisor listing and post a review
• Smartphones even work as a GPS and let travelers find company
location.
Technologies in Tourism sector
New business will be developed to adapt the websites for smartphones
Technologies in Tourism sector
Applications (apps) are the driving force
behind increasing the capability of
traveller’s iPhones and other smartphones.
Apps are small programs available free or
for a few dollars. iPhone apps are by far
more popular than other smartphones’
apps. Skype, Facebook, TripAdvisor and
the major banks are just a few of the
hundreds of apps available.
Technologies in culture sector
The culture industry is all commercial activities related to the culture. It includes
all activities to produce, distribute and sell the culture related products
Technologies in culture sector
The culture industry is an important economic sector which offers
High number of job offers with almost low qualification
Can offer jobs in isolated areas (like hand arts)
Syria which has a great history and culture traditions suffers from the absence
of means to produce and distribute cultural products
It is clear that the ICT technologies (Internet) will offer the possibility of spread
the Syrian culture outside and create new jobs related to these activities
Syria has many handicaps in the culture industry area:
- Low number of qualified people in this area
- The high urbanization which killed many traditional artisanal activities
- Low investment in knowledge management related to culture traditions
- Absence of research and development in this area
- Misunderstanding of the market needs
Future impact of technologies on culture sector in Syria
Level of acceptance of the Syrian Industry sector
Imp
act
on S
yrian c
ulture
industr
y
V limited
Limited
Medium
High
V. High
V Low Low Medium High V High
Technologies in cultural sector
Mobile
E-commerce
Internet
ICT
Supply Chain
Environment
tech
HLT
Technologies in culture sector
Strong points of Syrian culture sector
- Good contribution to man power
- Low tech sector
- Extensive user of manpower
- Syria has a rich cultural history and traditions
- Syria Has good basis to establish cultural industry
- There is very few legal constraints to produce and sell cultural services
- Starting business in cultural area does not require high investment
Technologies in culture sector
Weak points of Syrian culture sector
-Lack of qualified people in this sector
- Low number of training and teaching capacities adapted to this sector
- Urbanization reduces the transmission of skills
- Lack of knowledge management in this sector
- Lack of intellectual properties protection
- Almost absence of qualified people in high techs related to this area
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