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HistologyHistology
of theof theReproductiveReproductive
SystemSystem
Ma. Minda Luz M. Manuguid, M.D.
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EmbryologyEmbryology
Until the 6Until the 6thth week of fetal life, there isweek of fetal life, there isan indifferent primordial gonad with aan indifferent primordial gonad with acortex & a medullacortex & a medulla
undifferentiated primordial genitalundifferentiated primordial genitalducts: the potential maleducts: the potential male WolffianWolffianductsducts & the potential female& the potential female MullerianMullerianductsducts
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EmbryologyEmbryology
Differentiation of the Gonads &Differentiation of the Gonads &Genital Ducts:Genital Ducts:
-occurs from the 7-occurs from the 7thth to 8to 8thth weeks ofweeks offetal lifefetal life
Male differentiation is due to theMale differentiation is due to thepresence of thepresence of the
H-Y geneH-Y gene on theon theY chromosomeY chromosome thatthat
stimulates the primordial gonad tostimulates the primordial gonad todevelop into a testis (the medulla isdevelop into a testis (the medulla isstimulated, the cortex regresses),stimulated, the cortex regresses),which secreteswhich secretes TestosteroneTestosterone
Female differentiation is the `defaultFemale differentiation is the `default
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EmbryologyEmbryology
Up to the 8Up to the 8thth week of fetal life, theweek of fetal life, theinternal & external accessory sexinternal & external accessory sexorgans are identical in both sexes:organs are identical in both sexes:-internally, both-internally, both Wolffian & MullerianWolffian & Mullerian
ducts are present & they both end inducts are present & they both end inthethe urogenital sinus
urogenital sinus..-externally, there is a-externally, there is a urogenital slit
urogenital slittopped by atopped by a genital tubercle
genital tubercle, walled, walled
by theby the urethral foldsurethral folds && labioscrotallabioscrotalswellingsswe
llingsDifferentiation of genitalia occursDifferentiation of genitalia occursduring the 9during the 9thth to 12to 12thth weeks of fetalweeks of fetal
life.life.
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EmbryologyEmbryologyin malesin males
fetal testis secretesfetal testis secretesMRF (MullerianMRF (Mullerianregression factor)regression factor),,&& TestosteroneTestosteronethethe Wolffian ductsWolffian ducts
develop into thedevelop into theepididymis
epididymis,, vasvasdeferensdeferens,, seminalseminalvesiclesvesicles, &, &ejaculatory ducts
ejaculatory ducts
fusion of thefusion of theurethral foldsurethral foldscloses thecloses theurogenital slit &urogenital slit &
forms theforms the
corpuscor
pusspongiosum of the
spongiosum of the
in females,in females,
absence ofabsence ofTestosterone resultsTestosterone resultsin degeneration ofin degeneration ofthe Wolffian ducts;the Wolffian ducts;development of thedevelopment of theurethral folds intourethral folds intolabia minoralabia minora,,labioscrotal folds intolabioscrotal folds intolabia majoralabia ma
jora, genital, genitaltubercle into thetubercle into theclitorisclitoris, uro-genital, uro-genital
sinus intosinus into lower 2/3lower 2/3of the vaginaof the va
gina(urogenital slit(urogenital slitremains open toremains open tobecome thebecome the vaginal
vaginalopeningo
pening););absence of MRFabsence of MRF
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HistologyHistology
TESTESTESTES- loops of Seminiferous- loops of Seminiferoustubules lined bytubules lined bygerminal(special)germinal(special)epithelium: strata (outerepithelium: strata (outerto inner) of developingto inner) of developingprimordial sperm-primordial sperm-atogonia--->1atogonia--->1spermatocyte--->spermatocyte--->
2spermatocyte--->2spermatocyte--->spermatid--->spermatid--->mature spermatozoamature spermatozoa- Sertoli cells-- Sertoli cells-sustentacularsustentacular
- tubuli recti empty into- tubuli recti empty into
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TestisTestis
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HistologyHistology
TESTIS:TESTIS:
Sertoli cells-Sertoli cells- talltall
columnar w/ largecolumnar w/ large
basal nucleus, 2basal nucleus, 2nucleoli; secretenucleoli; secrete
Androgen-bindingAndrogen-binding
protein & Inhibin;protein & Inhibin;
have a trophichave a trophicfunction infunction in
spermatogenesisspermatogenesis
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TestisTestis
InterstitiumInterstitium- interstitial tissue-- interstitial tissue-between seminiferousbetween seminiferoustubules, atubules, a
continuation of thecontinuation of thetunica albuginea;tunica albuginea;contains fibroblasts &contains fibroblasts &collagen fibrils,collagen fibrils,macrophages,macrophages,
lymphocytes, mastlymphocytes, mastcellscells-- interstitial cells ofinterstitial cells ofLeydig-Leydig- in smallin smallgroups, w/centralgroups, w/centralround nucleus, well-round nucleus, well-
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HistologyHistology
OVARIESOVARIES- germinal- germinalepitheliumepithelium- cortex contains- cortex contains
Graafian follicles inGraafian follicles indifferent stages ofdifferent stages ofdevelopmentdevelopment- medulla contains- medulla contains
loosely packedloosely packedconnective tissue,connective tissue,coiled bloodcoiled bloodvessels, nerves,vessels, nerves,lymphatics, retelymphatics, rete
ovarii-ovarii-anastomosinganastomosing
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Ovarian (Graafian) FolliclesOvarian (Graafian) Follicles
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Graafian follicleGraafian follicle
GraafianGraafianfollicle:follicle:OocyteOocyteFollicularFollicularepitheliumepithelium Granulosa cellsGranulosa cells Theca internaTheca interna Theca externaTheca externa
AntrumAntrumLiquor folliculiLiquor folliculiZona pellucidaZona pellucida
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corpus luteum & corpuscorpus luteum & corpus
albicansalbicans
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The UterusThe Uterus
Endometrium Endometrium
endometrial glandsendometrial glands
lined by simplelined by simple
columnarcolumnarepitheliumepithelium
Myometrium Myometrium
smooth musclesmooth muscle
fibers; thickestfibers; thickest
Perimetrium Perimetrium
fibrous tissuesfibrous tissues
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Fallopian tubeFallopian tube
Simple columnarSimple columnar
epitheliumepithelium
Lamina propriaLamina propria
Smooth musclesSmooth muscles
Fibrous connectiveFibrous connective
trissuetrissue
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Vagina & External GenitaliaVagina & External Genitalia
VaginaVagina:: mucosa- non-kerat. str. squamousmucosa- non-kerat. str. squamous
epithepith lamina propria- loose areolar CT,lamina propria- loose areolar CT,
many BVsmany BVs muscularis- inner circ., outer long.muscularis- inner circ., outer long.
smooth muscles & skeletal musclessmooth muscles & skeletal musclesform a sphincter; elastic fibersform a sphincter; elastic fibersExternal GenitaliaExternal GenitaliaLabia minora-Labia minora- many sebaceous glandsmany sebaceous glands& melanin; enclose the vestibule w/& melanin; enclose the vestibule w/
Bartholins glandsBartholins glands--
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Testicular DuctsTesticular Ducts
Tubuli rectiTubuli recti && rete testis-rete testis- simplesimplecuboidal epith., many cells w/ flagellacuboidal epith., many cells w/ flagellaEfferent Ductules-Efferent Ductules- lined bylined bynonciliated cuboidal cells; gatherednonciliated cuboidal cells; gathered
into the coni vasculosi, then into theinto the coni vasculosi, then into theEpididymisEpididymis- pseudostratified- pseudostratifiedcolumnar cells with stereocilia:columnar cells with stereocilia:principal cells & basal cells; smoothprincipal cells & basal cells; smooth
muscle layer for peristalsis to propelmuscle layer for peristalsis to propelspermatozoaspermatozoaDuctus Deferens-Ductus Deferens- pseudostratifiedpseudostratifiedcolumnar cells w/ stereocilia; laminacolumnar cells w/ stereocilia; lamina
propria; 3 smooth mm. layerspropria; 3 smooth mm. layers
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Seminal Vesicles, Prostate,Seminal Vesicles, Prostate,
Cowpers glandsCowpers glands
Seminal vesicles-Seminal vesicles- paired diverticula ofpaired diverticula ofvas deferens; mucosa w/ numerousvas deferens; mucosa w/ numerousfolds- cuboidal/low columnar cellsfolds- cuboidal/low columnar cellssecrete viscous lt. yellow fluid withsecrete viscous lt. yellow fluid withPGs, muco- proteins, & fructosePGs, muco- proteins, & fructose
Prostate gland-Prostate gland- 30-50 main glands30-50 main glandssecrete opalescent slightly acidic (phsecrete opalescent slightly acidic (ph6) fluid w/ acid phosphatase,6) fluid w/ acid phosphatase,fibrinolysin, zinc, citric acid; lowfibrinolysin, zinc, citric acid; low
columnar pseudostratified epith w/columnar pseudostratified epith w/
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The PenisThe Penis
Corpus spongiosum-Corpus spongiosum- ventral midlineventral midlineerectile tissue that ends with theerectile tissue that ends with theglans penis(head)glans penis(head)Corpora cavernosa-Corpora cavernosa- 1 erectile tissues1 erectile tissues
of the penis; paired, run the entireof the penis; paired, run the entirelength of the penislength of the penisTunica albuginea-Tunica albuginea- dense fibrous CTdense fibrous CTsurrounding the corporasurrounding the corpora
Meissners corpuscles-Meissners corpuscles- tactiletactilereceptors numerous in penile skinreceptors numerous in penile skindermisdermisGlands of Littr-Glands of Littr- diverticula of thediverticula of thepenile urethra, small nests ofpenile urethra, small nests of
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Thank You !Thank You !
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