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1: Introduction to IPv6
Rick GrazianiCabrillo College
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For more information please check out my Cisco Press book and
IPv6 Fundamentals: A Straightforard
Approach to !nderstanding IPv6 By Rick Graziani ISBN-10: 1-!"1#-$1$-
IPv6 Fundamentals "ive"ess
Straightforard Approach to By Rick Graziani ISBN-10: 1-!"%0-#"-&
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1#1: $eginning ith IPv%
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$eginning ith IPv%
IPv% &Internet Protocol version %' 'e(elo)ed in *+e early 1,!0
RC "&0 /an 1,!0 obole*edby RC ",1 Se) 1,!1
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IPv%
$%-bi* addree re)reen*ed in do**ed-decial no*a*io ro(ide #.%, billion addree. 2+y no* ore addree3 I* eeed like a lo* o4 addree a* *+e *ie5
10.1.1.1
10.1.0.%
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IPv% ( 1)*1
#.%, billion addree6 abou* a 1:1 ra*io 7i*+ *+e 7orl
)o)ula*ion.
2+a* 7a *+e In*erne* like in 1,!13 No 2226 no obile de(ice6 and o* )eo)le ne
*+e In*erne* 9o*ly ain4rae and inico)u*er +e IB9 C 7a in*roduced *rying *o o(er*ake *+e
IPv%
I(# 7a *
)ro(iioning
addree 4
o4 #.#1 billio
I(# ;ddree 2orld o)ula*ion 1,!0
? 1
? 1
Iage cour*ey o4 Co)u*er i*ory 9ueu
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+he Internet $egins to +ake ,ff
1,,0 in*roduced *+e 2orld 2ide 2eb. A(eryone 7a ge**ing on *+e In*erne*. In*erne* rou*ing *able gro7ing ra)idly %06000 rou*e IA realized *+a* i* 7ould oon run ou* o4 I(# addre
Iage cour*ey o4 Co)u*er i*ory 9ueu
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IPv%: -unning ,ut of Addresses
S+or* *er olu*ion included: N;
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1#. Introducing IPv6
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No* a Ene7F )ro*ocol. 'e(elo)ed id *o la*e
1,,0.
9uc+ learned 4ro I(#. 1%!-bi* addre )ace6
7ri**en in +eadecial. +i gi(e u $#0
undecillion addree5
Introducing IPv6
1%! bi*
1%! bi*%001:'B!:C;A:0001::100
$#0 undecillion
? $#06%!%6$&&6,%06,$!6#&$6#&$6$"#6&0"6#$16"&!6%116#
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o7 any i $#0 undecillion3 $#0 undecillion addree i 10
nonillion addree )er )eron5
In*erne* i a uc+ di44eren* )laceand 7ill con*inue *o e(ol(e: 9obile de(ice Hideo on deand In*erne* o4 A(ery*+ing
; cri*ical )ar* in +o7 7e Eli(e67ork6 )lay6 and learnF.
IPv6
10 nonillion
? 106000600060006000600060006000600060006000
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I(& i no* u* abou* ore
addree: S*a*ele au*ocon4igura*ion And-*o-end reac+abili*y 7i*+ou*
)ri(a*e addree and N; Be**er u))or* 4or obili*y eer-*o-)eer ne*7orking eaier *o
crea*e and ain*ain6 ander(ice uc+ a HoI and
Juali*y o4 Ser(ice
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1,,$6 IA announced a call 4or 7+i*e )a)er 7i*+ RC
IP: Next Generation (IPng) White Paper Solicitation. IA c+oe Si)le In*erne* ro*ocol lu
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0hat About IPv2
In *+e la*e 1,"06 a 4aily o4 e)erien*al )ro*ocol 7
de(elo)ed in*ended *o )ro(ide Kuali*y o4 er(ice
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1#4: +he 5eed for IPv6
+h 5 d f IP 6
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+he 5eed for IPv6
2e are running ou* o4
I(# addre )ace. 9onday6 /anuary $16
%011 I;N; alloca*ed *+ela* D! I(# addre
block *o *+e RIR. RIR8 +a(e (ery 4e76 i4
any I(# addre le4*. 9any IS are e(erely
lii*ed and oe +a(e
already run ou*. ;c*ual or )roec*ed da o4 No(eber %01#
Source: 777.)o*aroo.ne*D*oolDi)(#
5ote: ;NIC and RIA are no* co)le*ely ou* o4 addree
bu* *+ey are (ery re*ric*i(e on alloca*ion o4 addree.
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-unning ,ut of IPv%
+e region 7i*+ *+e large* )o)ula*ion +a(e *+e lo7e
)ercen*age o4 )eo)le connec*ed *o *+e In*erne*Graphic from Internet World Stats, www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
I t t f
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Internet of
verything
Cico de4ine *+e In*erne* o4 A(ery*+ing
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5o 7ore 5A+ as 0e
N; +a been ued *o +el) E+ideF cu*oer and 7ork 4o
ini*ia*ed a))lica*ion. o7e(er6 N; alo crea*e oe iue6 like )eer-*o-)eer
and acceing our E+iddenF y*e 4ro o*+er ne*7ork. Ming N; *o E+ideF I(& ne*7ork +a been *+e ource o4
deba*e. IA con*inue *o *a*e *+a* N; i no* a ecuri*y 4ea*ure.
IS Ne*7ork
ublic I(#
5A+
Cu*oer Ne*7ork
1,%.1&!.1.0D%#
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$enefits of IPv6
; en*ioned )re(iouly *+e bene4i* o4
I(& include: arger addre )ace
S*a*ele au*ocon4igura*ion And-*o-end reac+abili*y 7i*+ou* )ri(a*e
addree and N; Be**er obili*y u))or* eer-*o-)eer ne*7orking eaier *o crea*e
and ain*ain6 and er(ice uc+ a HoIand Juali*y o4 Ser(ice
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1#%: +ransitioning to IPv6
+ransitioning to IPv62
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+ransitioning to IPv62
I(# and I(& 7ill coei* 4or
*+e 4oreeeable 4u*ure. ual(stack 'e(ice running
bo*+ I(# and I(&. An*er)rie and IS +a(e *o
u))or* bo*+ )ro*ocol6 7+ic+
i a reaon *o e(en*ually go *o
only I(&.
IPv% I
/appy yeballs
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/appy yeballs
-FC6 /appy yeballs:
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-FC6 /appy yeballs:
Success ith ual(Stack /osts +e dual-*ack code ay ge* *7o
addree back 4ro 'NS
2+ic+ one doe i* ue3 In order *o ue a))lica*ion o(er
I(&6 i* i neceary *+a* uer enoy
nearly iden*ical )er4orance a
co)ared *o I(#.
IPv%
IPv62
-FC6 /appy yeballs:
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C6 appy yeba s
Success ith ual(Stack /osts
777.4acebook.co
Juery ;;;; re
777.4acebook
Connec* *o:
$1.1$."".&Connec* *
%a0$:%!!0:401&:#01:4
GA D1.1
777.4acebook.co
Juery ; record3
777.4acebook.co
a))y Ayeball in a nu*+ell
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a))y Ayeball in a nu*+ell
I9A
Mer:
E777.4acebook.coF
;**e)* I(& looku) and
connec*
;**e)* I(# looku) and
connec*
Re*rie(e and di)lay
$00
ir* coe6 4ir* er(ed
Ml*ia*ely6 i* de)end on +o
and a))lica*ion 7an* *o +an
+ransitioning to IPv6
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+unneling Hariou )ro*ocol *o enca)ula*e I
)acke* inide I(# )acke*. 5A+6% ranla*ing be*7een I(# and I(&. 5ative IPv6 ;ll I(&
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"earn; !se; and Familiari
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=ou Are Probably Already -unning IPv6
2indo7 Hi*a or la*er6 9ac OSP6 inu already running
acke* analyzer
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.: Comparing IPv% and IPv6
Rick GrazianiCabrillo College
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.#1: Comparing the IPv% and IPv6 /e
"et?s $egin ith the IPv6 /eader Siila
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"et s $egin ith the IPv6 /eader
Mnder*anding I(& begin 7i*+ *+e
I(& +eader. I(& *ake ad(an*age o4 -bi*
CM. Se(eral di44erence be*7een I(#
and I(& +eader.
IPv%
IPv6
-bi* eory 7ord Si)ler I(&
+eader.
ied #0 by*eI(& +eader.
e* look a*
*+e
di44erence
IPv6 @ersion
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6
IPv%@ersioncon*ain #. IPv6@ersioncon*ain &.
Herion 3 In*erne* S*rea ro*ocol
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g IPv% Internet /eader "ength &I/"'
eng*+ o4 I(# +eader in $%-bi*
7ord including any O)*ion or
adding. IPv6 I 4or I(& i no* needed. I(& +eader i 4ied a* #0 by*e.
IPv%
IPv6
* bytes
* bytes
* bytes
* bytes
* bytes
% bytes 3
1
.
4
%
2
IPv6 +raffic Class
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IPv% +ype of Service IPv6 +raffic Class
No* anda*ed by any I(& RC.
Sae 4unc*ionali*y a I(#. Me ae 'i44eren*ia*ed Ser(ice
*ec+niKue
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Ne7 4ield in I(& no* )ar* o4 I(#. lo7 label i ued *o iden*i4y *+e )acke* in a coon *rea ra44ic 4ro ource *o de*ina*ion +are a coon 4lo7 labe
RC $" I(& lo7 abel S)eci4ica*ion
IPv%
IPv6
11111111
1111111111
IPv6 Payload "ength IPv% /eader a
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y g IPv% +otal "ength Nuber o4 by*e o4
*+e I(# +eader
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g I(# 4ield ued 4or 4ragen*a*ion and
reaebly. In*eredia*e de(ice uc+ a I(&
rou*er do no* )er4or 4ragen*a*ion. ;ny 4ragen*a*ion needed 7ill be
+andled by *+e ource uing an
e*enion +eader.
IPv%
IPv6
IPv6 5e>t /eader
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IPv%Protocol IPv65e>t /eader or bo*+ )ro*ocol6 *+e 4ield indica*e
*+e *y)e o4 +eader 4ollo7ing *+e I+eader.
IPv%
IPv6
Coon (alue:
& ? C
1" ? M' ! ? IC9(& !! ? AIGR !, ? OS
IPv6
/eader
5e>t
/eaderata
&Protocol: +CP; !P; I
IPv6 /op "imit
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IPv%++" &+ime to "ive' IPv6/op "imit Renaed *o ore accura*ely re4lec*
)roce. Se* by ource6 e(ery rou*er in )a*+
decreen* +o) lii* by 1.
IPv%
IPv6 2+en 06
dro) )acke*.
IPv6 Source and estination Addresse
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IPv6 Source andestination
addree +a(e *+e ae baic
4unc*ionali*y a I(#.
I(# $%-bi* addree. I(& 1%!-bi* addree. Soe igni4ican* c+ange in I(&.
IPv%
IPv6
IPv% /eader Checksum
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IPv%/eader Checksum No* ued in I(&. M))er-layer )ro*ocol generally +a(e
a c+ecku
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IPv%,ptions andPadding No* ued in I(&. Hariable leng*+6 o)*ional.
IPv% ,ptionsare +andled uinge*enion +eader in I(&.
IPv%
IPv6
Paddingake
ure I(# o)*ion
4all on a $%-bi*
boundary. I(& +eader i
4ied a* #0 by*e.
% bytes 3
IPv6 >tension /eader
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5e>t /eader iden*i4ie: +e )ro*ocol carried in *+e
da*a )or*ion o4 *+e )acke*.
IPv6 7ain
/eader
5e>t
/eader
>tension
/eader
5e>t
/eaderata
&Protocol: +CP; !P; I
>tension headers are o)*ional and 4ollo7 *+e ain I ro(ide 4leibili*y and 4ea*ure *o *+e ain I(& +eade
en+anceen* 7i*+ou* +a(ing *o redeign *+e en*ire ) ;llo7 *+e ain I(& +eader *o +a(e a 4ied ize 4or
e44icien* )roceing.
+e )reence o4 an e*enion +eader.
IPv6 >tension /eader
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5e>t /eader @alue&ecimal'
>tension /eader5ame
>tension /eader escription
0 o)-by-o) O)*ion Med *o carry o)*ional in4ora*ion6 7+ic+ u* be erou*er along *+e )a*+ o4 *+e )acke*.
#$ Rou*ing ;llo7 *+e ource o4 *+e )acke* *o )eci4y *+e )a*+ *
## ragen* Med *o 4ragen* I(& )acke*.
0 Anca)ula*ingSecuri*y ayload
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.#.: A $rief "ook at IPv6 Address +
IPv6 Address +ypes9ore de*ail ineon $ # &
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I(& ;ddree
FF::B* FF.::1:FF:B1%
::B1.*::1B1.*.::B4 F*::B1 FC::B
Mnica* 9ul*ica* ;n
;igned Solici*ed Node
Global
Mnica*ink-ocal oo)back Mn)eci4ied
MniKue
ocal
eon $6 #6 &
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.#4: A $rief "ook at IC7Pv65eighbor iscovery
IC7Pv6Internet Control 7essage Protocol for IPv6
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Internet Control 7essage Protocol for IPv6
IC9(& i de4ined in RC ###$. Siilar *o IC9(#6 decribe *7o *y)e o4
eage: In4ora*ional Arror
IC9(& Neig+bor 'ico(ery i decribed in RC
#!&1.
9uc+ ore robu* *+an IC9 4or I(#. Con*ain ne7 4unc*ionali*y and i)ro(een*. 9ore *+an u* EeagingF bu* E+o7 I(&
conduc* buineF.IPv6 7ain
/eader
5e>t
/eader
*
IC7Pv
/eade;ll IC9(&
eage
IC7Pv6 5eighbor iscover Protocol
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-outer Solicitation 7essage -outer Advertisement 7essage
$sed !ith d#namic address allocation
5eighbor Solicitation 7essage 5eighbor Advertisement 7essage
$sed !ith address resoltion (IPv% &'P)
-edirect 7essage
Similar to IPv% redirect message
'oter*to*+evice messaging
-oute
7es
evic
7es
IC9(& Neig+bor 'ico(ery de4ine di44eren* )acke* *y)e:
-outer Solicitation D -outer Advertisement 7e
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-outer Solicitation 7essage -outer Advertisement 7essage
$sed !ith d#namic address allocation
5eighbor Solicitation 7essage 5eighbor Advertisement 7essage
$sed !ith address resoltion (IPv% &'P)
-edirect 7essage
Similar to IPv% redirect message
'oter*to*+evice messaging
-oute
7es
evic
7es
IC9(& Neig+bor 'ico(ery de4ine di44eren* )acke* *y)e:
ynamic Address Allocation in IPv%
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1
%
I need IPv%
addressing
information#
/ere is
yo
ynamic Address Allocation in IPv6
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IC7Pv6 -outer Advertisement
IC7Pv6 -outer Solicitation
+o all IPv6 routers:
I need IPv6 address
information#
+o all IPv6 devices:
"et me tell you ho
to do this E 1# S"AAC
.# S"AAC ith
Stateless /CPv6
4# Stateful /CPv6
S"AAC
&Stateless Address Au
I m
-outer Solicitati
-outer Advertise
5eighbor Solicitation D 5eighbor Advertisement
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-outer Solicitation 7essage -outer Advertisement 7essage
$sed !ith d#namic address allocation
5eighbor Solicitation 7essage 5eighbor Advertisement 7essage
$sed !ith address resoltion (IPv% &'P)
-edirect 7essage
Similar to IPv% redirect message
'oter*to*+evice messaging
-oute
7es
evic
7es
IC9(& Neig+bor 'ico(ery de4ine di44eren* )acke* *y)e:
ARP Request: Broadcast
Address -esolution: IPv% and IPv6
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thernet A-P -euestB-ep
IC7Pv6: 5eighbor SolicitationBA
I(#: ;R o(er A*+erne*
CBA-P -euest
5eighbor
Advertisement
1
.5eighbor
Solicitation
1
A-P -eply
.7y IPv%G/ere is the
7AC2
7y IPv6G
/ere is the
7AC2
ARP Request: Broadcast
NS: Multicast NS: Solicited Node Multicast
thernet IPv6 /eader
I(&: IC9(& o(er I(& o(er A*+erne*
A-P
Cache
5
5eighbor Sol
5eighbor Adv
-edirect 7essage
IC9 & N i +b 'i d 4i di44 * k * *
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-outer Solicitation 7essage -outer Advertisement 7essage
$sed !ith d#namic address allocation
5eighbor Solicitation 7essage 5eighbor Advertisement 7essage
$sed !ith address resoltion (IPv% &'P)
-edirect 7essage
Similar to IPv% redirect message
'oter*to*+evice messaging
-oute
7es
evic
7es
IC9(& Neig+bor 'ico(ery de4ine di44eren* )acke* *y)e:
IC7Pv6 -edirect5et
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Siilar 4unc*ionali*y a IC9(#. ike I(#6 a rou*er in4or an origina*ing +o* o4 *+e I addre o4 a
i on *+e local link and i cloer *o *+e de*ina*ion. Mnlike I(#6 a rou*er in4or an origina*ing +o* *+a* *+e de*ina*ion
di44eren* )re4iDne*7ork= i on *+e ae link a i*el4.
5et
PCA
-1 -.
estination:
5etork 9 /ost
estination:
PC$
IPv6
5etork A
IC7Pv6 5eighbor iscover ProtocolIC9 & N i +b 'i d 4i di44 * k * *
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-outer Solicitation 7essage -outer Advertisement 7essage
$sed !ith d#namic address allocation
5eighbor Solicitation 7essage 5eighbor Advertisement 7essage
$sed !ith address resoltion (IPv% &'P)
-edirect 7essage
Similar to IPv% redirect message
'oter*to*+evice messaging
-oute
7es
evic
7es
IC9(& Neig+bor 'ico(ery de4ine di44eren* )acke* *y)e:
9ore de*ail in eo
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4: IPv6 Address -epresentationAddress +ypes
Rick GrazianiCabrillo College
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4#1: !nderstanding /e>adecimal 5u
Simple 5umber System -ules
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For all number systems, the first digit is 0
; Bae-n nuber y*e +a n nuber o4 digi*:
'ecial: Bae-10 +a 10 digi*: 0616%6$6#66&6"6!6,
Binary: Bae-% +a % digi*: 061/e>adecimal: $ase(16 has 16 digits
+e 4ir* colun i al7ay *+e nuber o4 1
Aac+ o4 *+e 4ollo7ing colun i n *ie *+e )re(iou
? Bae-n=
Base 10: 10,000 1,000 100 10 1
Base 2: 16 8 4 2 1
Base 16: 65,536 4,096 256 16 1
/e>adecimal: 16 digits
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Dec
8
910
11
12
1314
15
Dec
0
12
3
4
56
7
Hex
0
12
3
4
56
7
'ecial
10 digi*6*ar*ing 7i*+ 0
eadecial 1& digi*6
*ar*ing 7i*+ 0
+he $eauty of /e>adecimal: % bits 3 1 heBinary B
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Dec
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Hex
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
Dec
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Hex
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Binary
8421
0000
0001
0010
0011
01000101
0110
0111
B
8
1
1
1
1
11
1
1
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4#.: -epresenting an IPv6 Addre
IPv6 Address 5otation
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I(& addree are 1%!-bi* addree re)reen*ed in: eadecial: 1 +e digi* ? # bi* Aig+* 1&-bi* egen* or E+e*e*F
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2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:00
1%! bi*
5umber of IPv6Addresses
Nuber naeScien*i4icNo*a*ion Nube
1 +ouand 10$
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IPv% addresses: %#4 billion
IPv6 addresses:
4% undecillion
1 9illion 10&
1 Billion 10,
1 rillion 101%
1 Juadrillion 101
1 Juin*illion 101!
1 Se*illion 10%1
1600
1 Se)*illion 10%#
16000600
1 Oc*illion10
%"160006000600
1 Nonillion 10$0
1600060006000600
1 'ecillion 10$$
16000600060006000600
1 Mndecillion 10$& 16000600060006000600060
I(#
#.$ billion
I(&
$#0 undecillion
$#06%!%6$&&6,%06,$!6#&$6#&$6$"#6&0"6#$
5umber of IPv6 Addresses
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$#0 undecillion addee or $#0 *rillion *rillion *rillion addree or a oe )eo
)u* i*.
E10 nonillion addree 4or e(ery )eron on ear*+F E&6"06",$6$#!6!&&6,#$6!,!6,, addree 4or
Kuare e*er o4 *+e Aar*+ ur4ace.F
+o -ules for Compressing IPv6 Addr-ule 1: ,mitting "eading s
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g g
7o rule 4or reducing *+e ize o4 7ri**en I(& addree. First rule: eading zeroe in any 1&-bi* egen* do no* +a(e *o b
2001 : 0DB8 : 0001 : 1000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0ef
2001 : DB8 : 1 : 1000 : 0 : 0 : ef
2001 : 0DB8 : 010d : 000a : 00dd : c000 : e00
2001 : DB8 : 10d : a : dd : c000 : e00
2001 : 0DB8 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 000
2001 : DB8 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 :
+o -ules for Compressing IPv6 Addr-ule 1: ,mitting "eading s
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g g
nlyleading 0 can be ecluded6 *railing 0 u* be included
Or lead *o abigui*y
2001 : 0DB8 : ab : 1234 : 5678: 9abcd: ef12
2001 : 0DB8 : 00ab : 1234 : 5678: 9abcd: ef12
2001 : 0DB8 : ab00: 1234 : 5678: 9abcd: ef122001 : 0DB8 : 0ab0: 1234 : 5678: 9abcd: ef12
2
+o -ules for Compressing IPv6 Addr-ule .: ouble Colon ::
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+e econd rule can reduce *+i addre e(en 4ur*+er: Second rule:;ny ingle6 con*iguou *ring o4 one or ore 1&-bi*
coni*ing o4 all zeroe can be re)reen*ed 7i*+ a double colon
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double colon.
;l*+oug+ *+e rule *a*e *+a* bo*+ o4 *+ee are correc*
2001 : DB8 : 0000 : 0000 : 1234 : 0000 : 0000
2001 : DB8 :: 1234 : 0 : 0
2001 : DB8 : 0 : 0 : 1234
or
aximm redction of the address is no!n as the -compressed. format"
RC ,% *a*e *+a* *+e longe* *ring o4 zeroe u* be re)laced 7i*+ *+
are eKual *+en *+e 4ir* *ring o4 08 +ould ue *+e :: re)reen*a*ion.
-FC ).
-ule .: ouble Colon :: ,nly ,nc
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Ming *+e double colon ore *+an once in an I(& addre can crea
becaue o4 *+e abigui*y in *+e nuber o4 0.
2001:DB8::1234::5678
2001:DB8:0000:0000:0000:1234:0000:5678
2001:DB8:0000:0000:1234:0000:0000:5678
2001:DB8:0000:1234:0000:0000:0000:5678
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4#4: +he IPv6 Prefi> "ength
IPv%: Subnet 7askand Prefi> "ength
Pre
Binary Mask Len11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 /8
11111111 10000000 00000000 00000000 /9
11111111 11000000 00000000 00000000 /1
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I(#6 *+e )re4i6 *+e ne*7ork
)or*ion o4 *+e addre6 can
be iden*i4ied by: 'o**ed decial ubne*
ak re4i leng*+ +e nuber o4 bi* in *+e
)re4i or ne*7ork )or*ion o4
*+e addre.
5etork portion
Prefi>/ost portionIPv%
4. bits
11111111 11100000 00000000 00000000 /1
11111111 11110000 00000000 00000000 /1
11111111 11111000 00000000 00000000 /1
11111111 11111100 00000000 00000000 /1
11111111 11111110 00000000 00000000 /1
11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 /1
11111111 11111111 10000000 00000000 /1
11111111 11111111 11000000 00000000 /1
11111111 11111111 11100000 00000000 /1
11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000 /2
11111111 11111111 11111000 00000000 /2
11111111 11111111 11111100 00000000 /2
11111111 11111111 11111110 00000000 /2
11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 /2
11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000 /2
11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 /2
11111111 11111111 11111111 11100000 /2
11111111 11111111 11111111 11110000 /2
11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000 /2
11111111 11111111 11111111 11111100 /3
11111111 11111111 11111111 11111110 /3
11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 /3
IPv6 Prefi> "ength I(& )re4ie are al7ay iden*i4ied by prefi> length#
P fi l th + b 4 bi* i *+ 4i *i
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Prefi> length- +e nuber o4 bi* in *+e re4i)or*ion
addre
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2+a* abou* a D&%3 re4i leng*+ can 4all 7i*+in a nibble bu* 7i*+ 7i*+ uc+ a
addre )ace *+i i uually no* reKuired or recoende
2001:0DB8:0000:0000:0000:0000:00
B6B6%
Prefi>
Prefi> length
Interface I
bits
0000
B6.
IPv6 Prefi> "engthre4i
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2001:DB8::/32
2001:DB8:1::/48
2001:DB8:CAFE::/482001:DB8:CAFE:1::/64
2001:DB8:CAFE:1234::/64
2001:DB8:CAFE::1/48
2001:DB8:CAFE::99:2/48
2001:DB8:CAFE:1::100/64
2001:DB8:CAFE:1:AAAA:BBBB:CCCC:DDDD/64
I(& de(ice addre ea)le:
Tou 7ill becoe
7i*+ *+ee addre
In eon # 7e 7ieay I(& addre
Really5
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4#%: ,vervie of IPv6;ddre y)e
IPv6 Address +ypesE# -oad 7apI(& ;ddree
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FF::B* FF.::1:FF:B1%
::B1.*::1B1.*.::B4 F*::B1 FC::B
Mnica* 9ul*ica* ;n
;igned Solici*ed Node
GlobalMnica*
ink-ocal oo)back Mn)eci4ied MniKueocal
eon # eon
eon &
%P&' does not ha&e a (broadcast) address*
IPv6 Source and estination Addresse IPv6 Source ;l7ay a unica* IPv%
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IPv6 estination Mnica*6
ul*ica* or anyca*.
IPv6
!nicast Addresses
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Hlobal !nicast Address &H!A= ore in /esson % %000::D$
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"ink(local !nicast0 ore in /esson 1 A!0::D10
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"oopback Address ::1D1%! Med by a node *o end an I(& )acke* *o i*el46 *y)ically 7+en
CDI *ack Sae 4unc*ionali*y a I(# loo)back 1%".0.0.1 No* rou*able.
!nspecified Address ::
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!niue "ocal Address C00::D"
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mbedded IPv% Address 2a ued by dual-*ack de(ice *+a* u))or* bo*+ I(# and I(
Rarely ued and i no7 de)reca*ed. O*+er *rani*ion e*+od no7 ued 7+en reKuired *o end I(&
o(er I(#-only ne*7ork6 uc+ a *unneling and N;.
All s
)6 bits
IP
7ulticast Addresses
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7ulticast Addresses - Med *o end a ingle )acke* *o ul*i)le
iul*aneouly
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Solicited 5ode 7ulticast Address ore in /esson 6 0%:0:0:0:0:1:00::D10#
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Anycast Address ; unica* addre *+a* i aigned *o ore *+an one in*er4ace
di44eren* de(ice=. Siilar *o I(# anyca*6 a )acke* en* *o an anyca* addre
*+e Eneare*F in*er4ace +a(ing *+a* addre6 according *o *+e r
rou*ing *able
.1:$*:A:$::1
.1:$*:A:$::1
Summary: IPv6 Address +ypesI(& ;ddree
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FF::B* FF.::1:FF:B1%
::B1.*::1B1.*.::B4 F*::B1 FC::B
Mnica* 9ul*ica* ;n
;igned Solici*ed Node
GlobalMnica*
ink-ocal oo)back Mn)eci4ied MniKueocal
eon # eon
eon &
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%: Hlobal !nicast Addresses &H
Rick Graziani
Cabrillo College
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%#1: Purpose and Format of H!A
IPv6 Address +ypesI(& ;ddree
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FF::B* FF.::1:FF:B1%
::B1.*::1B1.*.::B4 F*::B1 FC::B
Mnica* 9ul*ica* ;n
;igned Solici*ed Node
GlobalMnica* ink-ocal oo)back Mn)eci4ied MniKueocal
%P&' does not ha&e a (broadcast) address*
IPv6 Source and estination Addresse IPv6 Source ;l7ay a unica*
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Hlobal !nicast Address &H!A= %000::D$
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001 0010 0000 0000 0000 :0011 1111 1111 1111 :
I;N;8 alloca*ion o4 I(&
addre )ace in 1D!*+ec*ion
Range: 2000:
3FFF:
Hlobal !nicast Address &H!A= %000::D$ Range %000::D *+ru $444:444:444:444::D
1D!*+o4 I(& addre )ace
Firs
Hlobal !nicast Address -angeIn*er4ace I'Subne* I'Global Rou*ing re4i
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Ace)* under (ery )eci4ic circu*ance6 all end uer 7il
global unica* addre.
5ote: ; +o* eKui(alen* *o *+e net!or address of an IPv%
Prefi> length eKui(alen* *o s2net mas in IPv%
Interface I eKui(alen* *o host portion of an IPv% ad
001Range:
2000::"64 !r# 3$$$:$$$:$$$:$$$::"64
Parts of a Hlobal !nicast AddressIPv% !nicast Address
5etork portion /ost portiSubnet portion
D3
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-bi* In*er4ace I' ? 1! Kuin*illion
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In*er4ace I'Subne* I'Global Rou*ing re4i
2001 : 0DB8 : CAFE : 0001: 0000 : 0000 : 000
3 % 1 & 4 '"64( : 4
2001:0DB8:CAFE:0001:0000:0000:0000:0100"64
2001:DB8:CAFE:1::100"64
1& bi* 1& bi* 1& bi* 1& bi* & b * 1& bi* & b *
$ 1 #
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%#.: Subnetting IPv6
Subnetting IPv6an you count in he-.
/u* increen* by 1 in eadecial:
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/u* increen* by 1 in eadecial:
2001:0DB8:CAFE:0000::"64
2001:0DB8:CAFE:0001::"64
2001:0DB8:CAFE:0002::"64 )))
2001:0DB8:CAFE:0009::"64
2001:0DB8:CAFE:000A::"64
Halid abbre(ia*ion i *o reo(e *+e leading 0:
2001:DB8:CAFE:1::"64
$-1-#R
For emonstration Purposes ,nly>tending the Subnet I
Hlobal -outing Prefi>%*(bit
Interfac4.(bit Subnet I
D!0D#!
Hlobal -outing Prefi> Interface I16(bit Fi>ed
S b t I
DD#!
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re4i
2001 : 0DB8 : CAFE : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000
2001 : 0DB8 : CAFE : 0000 : 0001 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000
2001 : 0DB8 : CAFE : 0000 : 0002: 0000 : 0000 : 0000
!r#
2001 : 0DB8 : CAFE : FFFF : FFFE : 0000 : 0000 : 0000
2001 : 0DB8 : CAFE : FFFF : FFFF : 0000 : 0000 : 0000
Global Rou*ing re4i Subne*-I' In*er4ac
Hlobal -outing Prefi> Interfac4 b t Sub etHlobal -outing Prefi> Interface I
Subnet I
No*e: I* i +ig+ly recoended *o NO ubne* in*o *+e
in*er4ace I' )or*ion o4 *+e addre *o con4igure +e only ece)*ion 7ould be 4or ne*7ork in4ra*r
Interface ISubnet I
D&!D#!
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D&! re4i
Subne**ing on a nibble
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D"0 re4i
2001:0DB8:CAFE:0000:0000::"70
2001:0DB8:CAFE:0000:04
00::"70
2001:0DB8:CAFE:0000:0800::"70
2001:0DB8:CAF:0000:0C00::"70
Hlobal -outing Prefi> Interface ISubnet I
%% bi* ! bi*
0000
01001000
1100
our Bi* 7o le
Subne
7o ri
;oc
In*er4a
Binary
o I 5eed the IPv6 uivalent to an IPv
D#!
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RC &1 - Ming 1%"-Bi* I(& re4ie on In*er-Rou*er ink
ing-ong ;**ack
Neig+bor Cac+e A+au*ion Iue
+ere are i*iga*ion *ec+niKue 4or bo*+.
I4 you 7an* *o ue a D1%"6 reer(e a e)ara*e D 4or eac+ D1%".
Hlobal -outing Prefi> Subnet I
", bi*
Allocate Separate B6%?s
D#!
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2001:DB8:CAFE:F000::"64
2001:DB8:CAFE:F000::0"127
2001:DB8:CAFE:F000::1"127
2001:DB8:CAFE:F001::"64
2001:DB8:CAFE:F001::0"127
2001:DB8:CAFE:F001::1"127
Hlobal -outing Prefi> Subnet I
", bi*
2001:DB8:CAFE:F000::"64
2001:DB8:CAFE:F001::"64
2001:DB8:CAFE:F002::"64
2001:DB8:CAFE:F003::"64
An* s+ +n)))
or eac+ D1%" alloca*e an
en*ire D:
000001
!se a ifferent "ast 4 bits for the Sub
D#!
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Hlobal -outing Prefi> Subnet I
", bi*
2001:DB8:CAFE:F000::"64
2001:DB8:CAFE:F000::A"127
2001:DB8:CAFE:F000::B"127
2001:DB8:CAFE:F001::"64
2001:DB8:CAFE:F001::A"127
2001:DB8:CAFE:F001::B"127
000001
Be care4ul 7+ic+ *7o
in*er4ace addree you
c+ooe.
::, and ::; are no* on *+eae D1%" ubne*
IPv6 Addressing Plan I(# ubne**ing i ued *o +el)coner(e I(# addre )ace.
9anaging a lii*ed )ace
RC 1!"! HS
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g g ) HS9 D$0 4or )oin*-*o-)oin* link
I(& addre coner(a*ion doe no*need *o be a aggrei(e a I(#.
'e(elo)ing an addre )lan *+a* i: 9ake ene. Aay *o anage.
N;NOG BCO: I(& Subne**ing
Cico: I(& ;ddre Guide RIA NCC: re)aring an I(&
;ddreing lan - RIA Ne*7ork
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%#4: IPv6 Address Allocation
D#! DD$%D%$ D&
I a ge**ing a D aHlobal -outing Prefi>IPv6 Address Allocation
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>RIR
>IS re4i
>Si*e re4i
Subne* re4i
> +i i a iniu alloca*ion. +e )re4i-leng*+ ay be +or*er i4 i* ca
oible oe Si*e re4i
Interface ISubnetISub
Internet Ser
Provide
Hlobal -outing Prefi> determines number of B6%
2001:DB8:0000:0000:0000:0000:00B6%
6% bit Interface I
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D$% ? &6$& D#!8
D&0 ? 1& D
D& ? %& D
D% ? #60,& D
B%* 3 6;46 B6%?s &7any sites ill get this pr
6%(bit Interface I
D## ? 160#!6"& D
D#0 ? 1&6"""6%1& DD$& ? %&!6#$6#& D
D$% ? #6%,#6,&"6%,& D
PI versus PA Address SpaceD#!D$%
ISP-I-
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Provider Independent &PI' ;ddre S)ace ;ddre )ace *+a* i aigned by *+e RIR. Reain aigned *o *+e cu*oer regardle o4 )ro(ider No )re4i renubering needed i4 c+ange )ro(ider
Provider Aggregatable &PA';ddre S)ace ;ddre )ace *+a* i *y)ically aigned by an IS *o a cu*oer. C+ange )ro(ider6 u* ge* ne7 addre )ace Cu*oer u* do )re4i renubering Interfac
Subnet
I
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%#%: Configuring a Static H!A
Configuring a Hlobal !nicast AddreGlobal Mnica*
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+etails, inclding the operations and configrations of S/&& (Stateless &
&toconfigration) in /esson 3 and +4Pv6 in /essons 5"
9anual 'ynai
S*a*icI(&
unnubered
S*a*ic Q AMI
S;;C
S;;C Q'C(&
Siilar *o I(# unnubered
Stateless
.1:$*:
.1:$*:CAF:1::B6%
HB
:1
:1
HB1
:1
SBB
:1
:1
Static H!AConfigurationR1
;
B
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Aac*ly *+e ae a an I(# addre only di44eren*.
No )ace be*7een I(& addre and re4i-leng*+.
IOS coand 4or I(& are (ery iilar *o *+eir I(# coun
All 0s and all 1s are &alid %P&' host %P&' addresses*
No )ac
R1(config)#iner$ace gigaie!erne 0"0R1(config-if)#i-.6 a**ress 2001:*8:ca$e:1::1"64R1(config-if)#n+ s!#*+/nR1(config-if)#exi
.1:$*:CAF:.::B6%
.1:$*:
.1:$*:CAF:1::B6%
HB
:1
:1
HB1
:1
SBB
:1
:1
Static H!AConfigurationR1
;
B
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.1:$*:CAF:.::B6%
R1(config)#iner$ace gigaie!erne 0"1R1(config-if)#i-.6 a**ress 2001:*8:ca$e:2::1"64R1(config-if)#n+ s!#*+/nR1(config-if)#exiR1(config)#iner$ace seria 0"0"0R1(config-if)#i-.6 a**ress 2001:*8:ca$e:3::1"64
R1(config-if)#n+ s!#*+/nR1(config-if)#exi
+e i-.6 #nicasr+#ing global con4igura*ion coand i
4or7ard I(& )acke* i* i notreKuired *o con4igure I(& addre
.1:$*:
.1:$*:CAF:1::B6%
HB
:1
:1
HB
:1
SBB
:1
:1
@erifyingAddress !sing
-unning
Configuration
R1
;
B
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R1# s!+/ r#nningc+n$ig
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g / p p
FE80::FE:FF:FE3:C4E0
2001:DB8:CAFE:1::1.
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Same as IPv% devices: Servers, printers, roters
an also
local ni
of the ro
PCA> ipconfig
Windows IP Configuration
@erifying !nicast Addresses on PC
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Windows IP Configuration
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix : IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . : 2001:db8:c
Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . :
fe80::50a5:8a35:a5bb:66e1
Default Gateway . . . . . . . : 2001:db8:c
ink-local addree are crea*ed au*oa*ically. Recen* 9icroo4* o)era*ing y*e ue a rando -bi* In*er4ace
local addre
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5inging 2001:!"8:c&f:1::1 from 2001:!"8:c&f:1::100 6ith 42 "$t
Rp*$ from 2001:!"8:c&f:1::1: tim71mRp*$ from 2001:!"8:c&f:1::1: tim71m
Rp*$ from 2001:!"8:c&f:1::1: tim71m
Rp*$ from 2001:!"8:c&f:1::1: tim71m
5ing t&titic for 2001:!"8:c&f:1::1:
5&ct: 9nt 7 Rci! 7 ;ot 7 0 (0 *o)
Appro+im&t roun! trip tim in mi**i-con!:
=inimum 7 1m =&+imum 7 1m Ar&g 7 1m
5CA%
Routr(config)# i-.6 genera-re$ix
>?RD 'nr&* prfi+ n&m
Routr(config)# i-.6 genera-re$ixyA 2001:*8:ca$e::"48
Routr(config)# iner$ace gigaie!erne 0"0
Routr(config-if)# i-.6 a**ress yA 0:0:0:88::1"64
IPv6 Heneral Prefi>: 7aking your life e
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Routr(config-if)# i-.6 a**ressyA 0:0:0:88::1"64
Routr(config-if)# n+ s!#*+/n
Routr(config-if)# exi
Routr(config)# iner$ace gigaie!erne 0"1
Routr(config-if)# i-.6 a**ressyA 0:0:0:99::1"64
Routr(config-if)# n+ s!#*+/n
Routr(config-if)# en*
Routr# s!+/ i-.6 iner$ace rie$
'ig&"itEthrnt00 /upup
FE80::EAD:FF:FECC:3480
2001:DB8:CAFE:88::1
'ig&"itEthrnt01 //upup FE80::EAD:FF:FECC:3481
2001:DB8:CAFE:99::1
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FE80::EAD:FF:FECC:3480
2001:DB8:BEEF:88::1
'ig&"itEthrnt01 //upup
FE80::EAD:FF:FECC:3481
2001:DB8:BEEF:99::1
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%#: Configuring a Static H!A 7i*+ AMI-
Configuring a Static H!A K !I(6
Global Mnica*
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9anual 'ynai
S*a*icI(&
unnubered
S*a*ic Q AMI
S;;C
S;;C Q
'C(&
Siilar *o I(# unnubered
Stateless
R1(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/1
R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:cafe:99::/64 ?
eui-64 Use eui-64 interface identifier
< >
Configuring a Static H!A K !I(6
&ll s is o7
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R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:0db8:cafe:99::/64 e
R1(config-if)#
.1:$*:CAF:))::B6%
HB1
-1
&ll s is o7
; -bi* In*er4ace I' i crea*e
uing:
#!-bi* 9;C addre Iner*ing 1& bi*: -A li))ing *+e MD tended !niue Ide
00 0$ &B A, '# !0
,!I &.% bits' evice Identifier &.% bits'
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00 0$ &B A, '# !0
00 0$ &B A, '#FF F
0$ &B A, '#FF F 00
MD bi* 4li))ed
1
0. 0$ &B A, '#FF F
Insert FF(F
R1(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/1
R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:cafe:99::/64 eui-64
R1# show interface gigabitethernet 0/1
Confi
guring a Static H!A K !I(6
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GigabitEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is AmdFE, address is 0003.6be9.d480(bia 0003.6be9
R1# show ipv6 interface gigabitethernet 0/1
GigabitEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up
IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::203:6BFF:FEE9:
Global unicast address(es): 2001:DB8:CAFE:99:203:6BFF:FEE9:D480,
subnet is 2001:DB8:CAFE:99::/64
6%*2it prefix from configration6%*2it Inte
I+ sing 8
8$I*6%: %5*2i
!ith FFF8 (96
and 3th2it flip
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%#6: ,vervie of ynamic IPv6 Address;lloca*ioand 'C(&=
ynamic IPv6 Address Allocation
Global Mnica*
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9anual 'ynai
S*a*icI(&
unnubered
S*a*ic Q AMI
S;;C
S;;C Q
'C(&
Siilar *o I(# unnubered
Stateless
ynamic IPv% Address AllocationI need I(# addreing
in4ora*ion 4ro a 'C er(er.
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'C Clien*
ere
addre
de4au
'NS e
IC7Pv6
Internet Control 7essage
Protocol for IPv6
IC9 & + E i F b E+
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IC9(& *+an u* EeagingF bu* E+o7
I(& conduc* buineF. IC9(& Neig+bor 'ico(ery
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g -outer Advertisement 7essage
Med 4or dynaic addre alloca*ion.
5eighbor Solicitation 7essage 5eighbor Advertisement 7essage
Med 7i*+ addre reolu*ion
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;n IC9(& -outer Advertisement &-A'sggests*o all I(& de(link +o7 i* 7ill recei(e I(& ;ddre In4ora*ion.
Sen* )eriodically by an I(& rou*er or 7+en *+e rou*er recei(e a Rou*er Solici*a*ion eage 4ro a
IC9(& Rou*er Solici*a*ion
9ul*ica*: o all
I(& de(ice6
le* e *ell you +o7
*o do *+i
I ig
It $egins ith the -A 7essage
IC9(& Rou*er ;d(er*ieen*
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-outer Advertisement &-A' 7essage ar* o4 IC9(&
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Routr(config)# i-.6 #nicasr+#ing
,ption 1: S"AAC 5o /CPv6 &efault on Cisco routers'
EI8 ever#thingyou need
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9anual
S*a*icI(&
unnubered
S*a*ic Q AMI
S;;C
S;;C Q
'C(&
Siilar *o I(# unnubered
Stateless
IPv6 0 /esson IPv6 Neigh2or +iscover# inclding pacet captres 0 /esson 9
'ynai
"esson
"esson
For more information please check out my Cisco Press book and
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IPv6 Fundamentals: A StraightforardApproach to !nderstanding IPv6 By Rick Graziani ISBN-10: 1-!"1#-$1$-
IPv6 Fundamentals "ive"essStraightforard Approach to By Rick Graziani ISBN-10: 1-!"%0-#"-&
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