V
V2 e,V 2 2 V e,
V \ V2
V V VV Y VV
YY2
V
V
V
V
x x x
x
x
x
x
V
V V2
V
V 2
V
V
V2
V
x
x
x
V
Y
V
e ,
e,
,
,
e e e
, e,
x
x x
x
e ~
e,
e,
x x x x x x x
x x x x
x x
x
e,
, e,
~ , ~ e
e,
e,
ee , ,
e , , * e, e, * e , , e
e e , , e, ~
, , , e, ,, ~ e, ,
e
,,
e
2
2
x x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x
Y
2
KWWSJUHHQVXUJHHXZZZJRRJOHFRPKWWSVFKRODUJRRJOHKXZZZVFLHQFHGLUHFWFRPKWWSOLQNVSULQJHUFRP
V2
Y Y
Y
x
x
x
x
Y
x x
x
x
x
o
Y Y
Y
o
Y
o
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
\
\
\ \ o
\
] 2
o "
\
V 2
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
2
Y
7KLVFRQFHUQSULPDULO\WKHHOHPHQWVRIWKHHTXLSPHQWH[SRVHGWRKLJKWHPSHUDWXUHV,QFDVHRIKHDWRQO\ERLOHUVZKHUHWKHWHPSHUDWXUHVDUHPXFKORZHUWKHSUREOHPLVPXFKOHVVVLJQLILFDQWDQGDVH[SHULHQFHVKRZVLWLVQRWREVHUYHGLQSUDFWLFH7KLVLVRQHRIWKHUHDVRQVZK\ZHDUHDGYRFDWLQJXVLQJELRPDVVIRUKHDWLQJSXUSRVHVDVGLVFXVVHGEHORZLQWKLVDUWLFOH
x
x
x
x
2
2
V 2
2
2
Y
2
2
Y
x x
x x
x
x
x
x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x
x
x
x
x
x x x x x x
x
x x
x x
x
x x
x
x
2
2
2