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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS LAB
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
CYCLE I
1. P.N.JUNCTION DIODE CHARACTERISTICS
2. ZENER DIODE CHARACTERISTICS.
3. HALF WAVE RECTIFIER WITH & WITHOUT FILTER.
4. FULL WAVE RECTIFIER WITH & WITHOUT FILTER
5. COMMON EMITTER TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS
CYCLE II
6. COMMON BASE CONFIURATION CHARACTERISTICS.
!. FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS
". H#PARAMETERS
$. COMMON EMITTER AMPLIFIER.
1%. COMMON COLLECTOR AMPLIFIER.
11. FET AMPLIFIER.
CYCLE III
12. VOLTAE SERIES FEED BAC AMPLIFIER.
13. CURRENT SERIES FEED BAC AMPLIFIER
14. TWO STAE RC COUPLED AMPLIFIER.
15. RC PHASE SHIFT OSCILLATOR.
16. WEIN BRIDE OSCILLATOR.
1!. COLPITT'S OSCILLATOR.1". HARTLE( OSCILLATOR.
1$. SCR CHARACTERISTICS
2%. STUD( OF CATHODE RA( OSCILLOSCOPE
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
INTRODUCTION
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
R08- R?K.
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
Digital ultieter
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A/D converter Signal
ProcessingDigital display
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
T- -9/+07<:+* /0 )<*- ,+*9 / 0+0 intrinsic seic!nduct!r . T-+07<:/+0 -- +, :- /0:*/0/ -9/+07<:+* 0 =- /0*--7 => /0*-/08 :-:-9)-*:<*-. T- -9/+07<:+* / :< /7 :+ - - :-9)-*:<*- +#-,,//-0: +, *-/:0-. N-8:/- :-9)-*:<*- +-,,//-0: +, *-/:0- /07/:- :- 7-*-- /0*-/:0- /: /0*-- /0 :-9)-*:<*- G/0*-- /0 +07<:0- /: /0*-- /0:-9)-*:<*-.
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I, trivalent G-):+* :+9 GB+*+0; /<9; 07 I07/<9 *- 77-7 :+ :-/0:*/0/ -9/+07<:+*; %6t-%e -9/+07<:+* / ,+*9-7. I, %entavalent G7+0+*:+9 GA*-0/; A0:/9+0>; 07 P+)+*< *- 77-7 :+ :- /0:*/0/-9/+07<:+*; n6t-%e -9/+07<:+* / ,+*9-7. T- a2!rit- **/-* /0 n6t-%e
07 %6t-%e -9/+07<:+* *- electr!ns 07 +!les *-)-:/->; +- =-/08 :-=-0- +, --:*+0. T- in!rit- **/-* /0 n6t-%e 07 %6t-%es -9/+07<:+**- +!les 07 electr!ns *-)-:/->.
T- <**-0: /0 -9/+07<:+* / 7<- :+ :+ 7/:/0: )-0+9-0+0
1. Dri$t current; -*- **/-* 7*/,: /0 0 --:*/ ,/-7 G:/ +07<:/+0<**-0:
I + /=- /0 9-:#2. Di$$usi!n current5 -*- **/-* 7/,,<- /, +0-0:*:/+0 8*7/-0:-?/: G )-0+9-0+0 / 7+- 0+: -?/: /0 9-:.
T- +99+0> /=- -9/+07<:+* 9:-*/ *- Silic!n 077eraniu 07 :- 7/,,-*-0- =-:--0 :-- :+ *- 8/-0 =-+.
Silic!n:1. /8 PIV *:/08 G<):+ 1%%%V2. /8-* <**-0: *:/083. /7-* :-9)-*:<*- *08- G<):+ 2%%% C
7eraniu: 1. L+-* PIV *:/08 G<) :+ 4%%V 2. L+-* <**-0: *:/08
3. L+-* :-9)-*:<*- *08- G1%%%C
T- 70:8- +, -*90/<9 +-* S//+0 / :- +-* ,+**7 =/ +:8- *-</*-7:+ *- :- *-8/+0 +, <)*7 /08; %.3V ,+* -*90/<9 07 %.!V ,+* S//+0.O0 :- +:-* 07; :- *--*- :<*:/+0 <**-0: ,+* //+0 / - :0 :: +, 8-*90/<9; I GS/ I G- 1 1%3
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
W/ 9- /: 70:8-+< :+ <- S//+0 7/+7- : /8-* :-9)-*:<*-
E*%erient N!: &
P6N 8UNCTION DIODE C"ARACTERISTICS
AI. &, T! )+: :- V#I *:-*/:/ +, :- 8/-0 -9/+07<:+*D/+7-; =+: ,+* F+**7 07 *--*- =/
2. T+ ,/07 +<: :- <:#/0 +:8-.3. T+ <:- :- 7>09/ ,+**7 07 ::/ *-/:0- +, :- P#N
7/+7-.
APPARATUS:1. P+-* <))> %#3%V 1N+.2. V+:9-:-* %#1V 1 N+.
%#3%V 1 N+.3. A99-:-* %#1%9A 1 N+.
%#5%%µ A 1 N+.
CO.PONENTS:1. S-9/+07<:+* 7/+7- 1N4%%! 1N+.2. R-/:+* 4!%Ω; 1 Ω 1N+
P 6N 8UNCTION DIODE:I, 7+0+* /9)<*/:/- *- /0:*+7<-7 /0:+ +0- /7- 07 -):+* /0:+ :- +:-*
/7- +, /08- *>: +, -9/+07<:+*; )#0 @<0:/+0 / ,+*9-7.
J<0:/+0 A-):+* /+0 D+0+* /+0
H+- E-:*+0
P#:>)- 0#:>)-P N JUNCTION DIODE
D-)-:/+0 *-8/+0T- *-8/+0 <0+-*-7 => - 07 - /+0 / -7 :- 7-)-:/+0 *-8/+0; :-
)- *8- *-8/+0 +* :- :*0/:/+0 *-8/+0. T- :/0- +, :- *-8/+0 / :- +*7-* +, :- --08: +, :- //=- /8: G%.%5 9/*+0. W-0 )#0 @<0:/+0 / ,+*9-7; :-
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NP
V
+ - V
+ -
PN JUNCTION DIODE UNDER FORWARD BIAS
Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
+0-0:*:/+0 +, :- +- /0 ) /7- / 9< 8*-:-* :0 :: /0 :- 0#/7- -*>*8- +-#7/,,</+0 <**-0: :-07 :+ ,+ *+ :- @<0:/+0 ,*+9 :- ) :+ 0 9:-*/.H-0- 0 --:*/ ,/-7 9<: =</7<) *+ :- @<0:/+0 /0 < 7/*-:/+0 :: :-+- 7*/,: <**-0: / :-07 :+ ,+ *+ :- @<0:/+0 ,*+9 0 :+ ) /7- /0 +*7-* :++<0:-* =0- :- 7/,,</+0 <**-0:. T/ -<//=*/<9 +07/:/+0 +, -*+ *-<:0:+- <**-0: *-<: : )+:-0:/ =**/-* V +. T- 0<9-*/ <- ,+* V+ / +, :- +*7-* +, 980/:<7- +, ,- :-0: +, V+:.
T- )#0 @<0:/+0 0 =- +)-*:-7 /0 :+ *-8/+01 F+**7 =/ 2 R--*- =/
/!r#ard )ias: W-0 P+/:/- :-*9/0 +, :- =::-*> / +00-:-7 :+ :- P#:>)- 07 N-8:/-:-*9/0 +, :- N#:>)- +, :- PN @<0:/+0 7/+7-; :- =/ ))/-7 / F+**7 =/ +0 =-+.
I0 ,+**7 =/ :- -/8: +, :- )+:-0:/ =**/-* : :- @<0:/+0 / =- +-*-7 =>:- ))/-7 ,+**7 +:8- VF. T- +- *+ :- @<0:/+0 ,*+9 ) /0 :+ :- 0 :>)-*-8/+0 07 =-+9- 9/0+*/:> <**-0: /0 :- P /7-. S/9/*> :- --:*+0 *+ :-
@<0:/+0 /0 *--*- 7/*-:/+0 07 =-+9- :- 9/0+*/:> **/-* /0 ) /7-. H+-:*-/08 ,*+9 -,: :+ */8: +0:/:<:- <**-0: /0 :- 9- 7/*-:/+0 :- --:*+09+/08 ,*+9 */8: :+ -,:. H-0- :- *-<:0: <**-0: *+/08 :- @<0:/+0 / :- <9+, :- +- 07 --:*+0 9/0+*/:> <**-0:.
VF F+**7 =/ V+:8- G9-<*-7 /0 V IF F+**7 B/ C<**-0: G9-<*-7 /0 9A ,+* VI *:-*/:/ W-0 VFVO GP+:-0:/ =**/-* IF / 9+: Z-*+.
W-0 VFYVO :- +- 9+- ,*+9 P#:>)- 07 --:*+0 C*+ :- @<0:/+0. T-*- / <77-0 /0*-- /0 :- C<**-0: : P*:/<* V+:8- GV V / -7 C<: /0 V+:8- +* T*-+7V+:8:- +* 0-- V+:8- M+*- C<**-0: / ,+ /0 7/+7- /0 - +, F+**7 =/.
Reverse )ias: A *--*- =/ +* +,, +07/:/+0 / -:=/-7 => ))>/08 :- - )+:-0:/ :+
)#:>)- 9:-*/ 07 - )+:-0:/ :+ 0#:>)- 9:-*/ +0 /0 :- ,/8<*- =-+I0 :- *--*- =/ =+: :- +- )#:>)- 07 :- --:*+0 /0 0#:>)- / 9+-
> ,*+9 :- @<0:/+0. T- -/8: +, :- )+:-0:/ =**/-* /0*--. T/ /0*-- /0:- =**/-* -*- :+ *-7<- :- ,+ +, 9@+*/:> **/-*. H-0- -*+ <**-0: *-<:.H+--* :- 9/0+*/:> **/-* *- <0/0,<-0-7 => :- /0*-- /0 -/8: +, :-
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NP
V
- + V
- +
PN JUNCTION DIODE UNDER REVERSE BIAS
Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
=**/-*. S+ 9 <**-0: / ,+ 7<- :+ :-- 9/0+*/:> **/-* 07 / -7 :-*--*- :<*:/+0 <**-0:.
VRR--*- =/ +:8- G9-<*-7 /0 V IR R--*- =/ <**-0: G9-<*- /0 A• T- <**-0: ,+ /0 *--*- 7/*-:/+0. D<- :+ 9/0+*/:> **/-*;
:-*- / 9 <**-0: /0 :- *--*- 7/*-:/+0 07 / -7 *--*- :<*:/+0 <**-0: GI+.
• I+ 7-)-07 <)+0 :-9)-*:<*-. I #IO : *++9:-9)-*:<*-
V!lt6a%ere c+aracteristics:
1A3
I GA
T- *:-*/:/ +, :- -9/+07<:+* 7/+7- 0 =- 7-,/0-7 => :- ,++/08-<:/+0 ,+* ,+**7 07 *--*- =/ *-8/+0.
I IO G- V [V
T 1
W-*- V ))/-7 )+:-0:/;I 7/+7- <**-0:IO *--*- :<*:/+0 <**-0: +* - <**-0: / / ,<0:/+0 +,
7+0+* 07 -):+* /9)<*/:> +0-0:*:/+0; 7/+7- :-9)-*:<*- 07 *- +, :- @<0:/+0 -:.;
[ -9//+0 +#-,,//-0: G-9)/*/ +0:0:. T/ -9)/*/ +0:0:+<0: ,+* 0> *-+9=/0:/+0 +, +- 07 --:*+0; / 9> +<* -0 :-**/-* 7/,,<- *+ :- 7-)-:/+0 *-8/+0 +, :- ,+**7 =/-7 )#0 @<0:/+0.
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Ge Si
Cut-in-Voltage V
VZ
I
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
T- <- +, [ /- /0 :- *08- +, 1 :+ 2 07 7-)-07/08 <)+0 :-1. S/- +, :- 7/+7-2. T- -9/+07<:+* <-7 :+ 9- /:.3. T- 980/:<7- +, :- ,+**7 <**-0:.4. T- <- +, I.5.
I0 8-0-* :- [ <- ,+* //+0 / 2 07 ,+* 8-*90/<9 / 1
VT V+: -</-0: :-9)-*:<*- T\K B+:900 +0:0: 1.3" ] 1% 23 @ % T T-9)-*:<*- /0 %\ *8- 1.6%3 ] 1% 1$ +<+9=.
I, V / )+/:/-; I / ,+/08 ,*+9 ) :+ 0 /7- 07 :- 7/+7- / /0 :- ,+**7=/. W-0 :- 7/+7- / *--*-#=/-7 07 V / --* :/9- +, VT ; ID ≈ # I+. T-*--*- <**-0: / :-*-,+*- +0:0: /07-)-07-0: +, ))/-7 *--*- =/.
A: *--*- =//08 +:8- VR; *8- *--*- <**-0: ,+ 07 :- 7/+7- //7 :+ =- /0 =*- 7+0 *-8/+0.
Cut6in v!ltage 1!$$set5 )rea9 %!int !r t+res+!ld v!ltage3 1V 3:
T- <:#/0 +:8- / 7-,/0-7 :- +:8- *+ :- 7/+7- =-+ / :-<**-0: / -*> 9 G> - :0 1K 9? *:-7 <-; 07 =->+07 Vγ :- <**-0:*/- -*> *)/7>.
T+e te%erature de%endence !$ t+e V6I c+aracteristics
T- *--*- :<*:/+0 <**-0: I+ 7+<=- ,+* --*> 1%^C */- /0 :-9)-*:<*-.I, IO IO1 : T T1 :-0 : :-9)-*:<*- T; I+ / 8/-0 => I+ GT I O1 ] 2GT#T11%. T-7/+7- +:8- 7-*-- /: :- :-9)-*:<*- 07 / 8/-0 7 7: #2.59 %C
D>09/ *-/:0- ≈ [ VT I
Di!de e0uivalent circuits:
CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 16
Vγ A
B
A
B
! "or#ard resistance
$In t%e order o! &''()
Diode
A
B
r "or#ard resistance
$In t%e order o! *()
"or#ard ias everse ias
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
PROCEDURE/ORARD BIAS:
1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- ,/8 12. V*> :- <))> +:8- 8*7<>; :*:/08 ,*+9 -*+. I0*-- :- ))/-7
+:8- 07 0+:- :- +:9-:-* *-7/08GV3. F+* - %.1 V :-) /0 V 0+:- :- +**-)+07/08 ,+**7 <**-0: GI :/ V
=-+9- > %.! V. I +<7 0+: -?--7 1%9A.4. T=<:- :- *-<: 07 7* :- V#I *:-*/:/ <07-* ,+**7 =/
+07/:/+0.
REVERSE BIAS:
1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- ,/8G22. M-<*- :- <**-0: G*--*- <**-0: 07 +:8- => /0*-/08 :- +:8-
1V :-). D+ <) :+ 2%V.3. T=<:- :- *-<: 07 )+: :-
*--*- =/ *:-*/:/.4. H-*- :- *--*- <**-0: / =- /0
9/*+ 9)-*-.5. T- *-/)*+ +, :- +)- +, :--
<*- ,+* =+: :- +07/:/+0 8/- :-*-/:0- ,+* ,+**7 07 *--*- =/+07/:/+0.
OBSERVATIONS:
/!r#ard )iasReverse )ias
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 17
S.N+ VG+: I G_A
123456!"$1%
123456!"$1%
%%%%%%%%%%
S.N+ VG+: I G9A123456!"$1%11
%%.1%.2%.3%.4%.5%.55%.6%.62%.64%.66
%%.25%.4%.5%.6511.!46.1".512.5
4!%`
%#3%V V
+
%#1V
A+
%#1%9A4!%`
%#3%V V
+
%#3%V
A+
%#5%%<A
1N4%%! 1N4%%!
F/8#1FORWARD BIAS
F/8 #2REVERSE BIAS
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∆Ir
∆Vr
I µA
∆ I!
∆V!
I
V
I $,A)
V $volts)
Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
.ODEL 7RAP"S
V G+:
F+**7 =/ *:-*/:/ R--*- =/*:-*/:/
CONCLUSION:
T- /7- *-/:0- +, :- 7/+7- /0 ,+**7 =/ / %`P*:/ 7>09/ *-/:0- +, :- 7/+7- /0 ,+**7 =/ / 2%` / / -*> +T- /7- *-/:0- +, :- 7/+7- /0 *--*- =/ / a.P*:/ 7>09/ *-/:0- +, :- 7/+7- /0 *--*- =/ / 2".26%` / / -*>/8E0ui%ent Liitati!n:
;<=>: T+ /9/: :- ,+ +, <**-0: /0 :- /*</: 07 )*+:-: :- 7/+7-.E-0 :+<8 - 0 <- =+- 4!% > *-/:0- =<: :- +:8- 7*+) *+*-/:-* / =- 9+*- 07 /: *-</*- 9+*- )+-* <))>; =-<- +, -</)9-0:/9/::/+0 - *- </08 4!% >,
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
V!lteter 1=6&3 V: :- 9/0/9<9 +:8- *-</*-7 ,+* :- 7/+7- :+ :*: +07<:/+0/ %.6. S+ :- +:9-:-* *08- G%#1 V / <,,//-0:.Aeter 1=6&=3 9A :- 9?/9<9 )=//:> +, :- 99-:-* / G%#1%% 9A.B-<- +, -</)9-0: /9/::/+0 - *- </08 G%#1% 9A.E?-*/- 08- :- *-/:0- :+ 1b /0 :- ,+**7 =/ 07 0+:- :- 7/,,-*-0-.
RESULTS:1. C<:#/0 +:8- S/ # %.6; - # %.22. D>09/ ,+**7 *-/:0- ∆V, ∆I, 2%`3. S::/ ,+**7 *-/:0- VI 11".6`4. D>09/ *--*- *-/:0- ∆V* ∆I* 2".26%`
?UESTIONS:
1. D* :- )/-- /- /0-* V#I *:-*/:/ +, )#0 7/+7-; : / :- /*</:
9+7- ,+* ON ::- 07 OFF ::-2. W: / H+- H+ 7+- /: +0:*/=<:- :+ +07<:/+03. D-,/0- 7-)-:/+0 *-8/+04. H+ 7/+7- : /:5. W: )*9-:-* /0 8-*90/<9 7/+7- 7/,,-* ,*+9 :+- /0 //+0
D/+7-
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
E*%erient N!: '
@ENER DIODE C"ARACTERISTICS
AIM 1. T+ )+: :- V#I *:-*/:/ +, :- 8/-0 Z-0-* 7/+7-; =+: ,+*F+**7 07 *--*- =/.
2. T+ :<7> :- )-*,+*90- +, Z-0-* 7/+7- +:8- *-8<:+*.
APPARATUS:
1. P+-* <))> %#3%V 1 N+.2. A99-:-* %#1%9A 1 N+.
%#1%%9A 1 N+.3. V+:9-:-* %#1V 1 N+.
%#1%V 1 N+.CO.PONENTS:
1. Z-0-* 7/+7- BZ 6.2 V 1N+.2. R-/:+* 4!%Ω; 1Ω 1N+.
CIRCUIT DIA7RA.S:
T"EORY: T- 7/+7- / / 7-/80-7 /: 7-<:- )+-* 7//):/+0 )=//:/-:+ +)-*:- /0 :- =*-7+0 *-8/+0 / Z-*+ 7/+7-.
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 20
4!%`
%#3%VV
+
%#1V
A+
%#1%9A4!%`
%#3%VV
+
%#1%V
A+
%#1%%9A
6Z2 6Z2
F/8 1/ORARD BIAS
F/8 # 2REVERSE BIAS
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
V6I c+aracteristics:I0 ,+**7 =/; :- <**-0: / /0*-- ,*+9 Z-*+ 07 : -*:/0 V+:8- GV
:- <**-0: ::- /0*-- 9+*-. T/ / -7 0-- V+:8-.VF F+**7 V+:8- G9-<*-7 /0 9AIF F+**7 C<**-0: G9-<*-7 /0 9A
I0 *--*- =/ : )*:/<* +:8- :- <**-0: / *-9/0 +0:0:. T:+:8- / -7 B*-7+0 +:8-. B*- 7+0 +:8- 7-)-07 +0 9+<0: +, 7+)/08.
VR R--*- V+:8- G9-<*-7 /0 V+:IR R--*- C<**-0: G9-<*-7 /0 9A.
T- +:/+0 +, :- Z-0-* *-8/+0 0 =- +0:*+-7 => *>/08 :- 7+)/08--. A0 /0*-- /0 :- 7+)/08 )*+7<- 0 /0*-- /0 :- 0<9=-* +, 77-7/9)<*/:/-. F<*:-*; :/ / 7-*-- :- Z-0-* )+:-0:/. Z-0-* 7/+7- *- /=-/0 :- Z-0-* )+:-0:/ *08- +, 1." V :+ 2%%V /: )+-* *:/08 ,*+9 c :+ 5%W.S//+0 / <<> )*-,-**-7 /0 :- 90<,:<*/08 +, Z-0-* 7/+7- =-<- +, /:/8-* :-9)-*:<*- 07 <**-0: 07/08 )=//:/-. T- -</-0: /*</: +, :-Z-0-* 7/+7- /0 :- Z-0-* *-8/+0 / 8/-0 =-+.
V
V R
C+9)-:- A))*+?/9:-7
T+ )*+-- / )*+7<- :- =*-7+0 *-8/+0 *- A0-9<:/)/:/+0 07 Z-0-* =*-7+0 / *- -?)/0-7 =-+.
Avalanc+e )rea9d!#n:T- :-*9> 8-0-*:-7 --:*+0 07 +- </*- <,,//-0: -0-*8> ,*+9
:- ))/-7 )+:-0:/ :+ )*+7<- 0- **/-* => *-9+/08 :- 0- --:*+0 ,*+9:-/* =+07. T-- 0- **/-* /0 :<*0 )*+7<- 77/:/+0 **/-* 8/0 :*+<8 :-)*+- +, 7/*<):/08 =+07. T/ <9<:/- )*+- / *-,-**-7 0-=*-7+0. A0- 9<:/)/:/+0 /0+- -0 :- *-,-*-0- +:8- / =+-6V. T- :-9)-*:<*- +#-,,//-0: / )+/:/- GK 08- /0 *-,-*-0- +:8- )-*
-0:/8*7- 7-8*-- 08- /0 7/+7- :-9)-*:<*- A @<0:/+0 /: =*+7 7-)-:/+0 >-*; 07 :-*-,+*- + ,/-7 /0:-0/:> /
=*- 7+0 => :- 0- 9-0/9.
@ener )rea9d!#n:
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
T/ )*+- /0/:/:- =*-7+0 :*+<8 7/*-: *<):<*- +, :- =+07=-<- +, :- -?/:-0- +, :*+08 --:*/ ,/-7. Z-0-* =*-7+0 /0+- -0:- *-,-*-0- +:8- / =-+ 6V. T- :-9)-*:<*- +#-,,//-0: / 0-8:/-.
A @<0:/+0 /08 0**+ 7-)-:/+0 >-* /7: 07 /8 ,/-7 /0:-0/:> /=*-7+0 => :- Z-0-* 9-0/9.
T- 0-:+* -9)+>/08 Z-0-* 7/+7- 0 =- 0>-7 => *-)/08 :-Z-0-* 7/+7- -</-0: /*</: G+0 07 +,, ::-
PROCEDURE:
/ORARD BIAS:
1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 ,/8G12. V*> :- <))> +:8- 8*7<>; :*:/08 ,*+9 -*+. I0*-- :- <))>
+:8- 07 0+:- :- +:9-:-* *-7/08 GV ,+* - %.1V :-) /0 V; 0+:- :-+**-)+07/08 ,+**7 <**-0: GI :/ V =-+9- > %.! V. I +<7 0+:-?--7 1%9A.
3. T=<:- :- *-<: 07 7* :- V#I *:-*/:/ <07-* ,+**7 =/+07/:/+0.
REVERSE BIAS:1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 ,/8G22. I0*-- :- <))> +:8- </:=>; :+ *-7 I /0 :-) +, 59A; :*:/08 ,*+9
-*+ <):+ > 4%9A; 0+:- :- +**-)+07/08 <- +, V.3. T=<:- :- *-<: 07 7* :- V#I *:-*/:/ <07-* *--*- =/
+07/:/+0.
OBSERVATIONS:/!r#ard )ias Reverse )ias
S.N+ VG+: I G9A%.1
%.2%.3%.4%.5%.6%.64%.66
%.%$
%.2%%.2$%.41%.51%."!1.6!2.62
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 22
VVV
ZVZ
.N stateV0VZ
."" stateVZ 0V0'V
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V $volts)
I $,A)
∆ I!
∆V!
I
V
I $,A)
Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
%.6"%.!%.!2
2.$24.!$$.$2
.ODEL 7RAP"S
V G+:
F+**7 =/ *:-*/:/ R--*- =/ *:-*/:/
CONCLUSION:T- /7- *-/:0- +, :- 7/+7- /0 ,+**7 =/ / %>.P*:/ 7>09/ *-/:0- +, :- 7/+7- /0 ,+**7 =/ / $.6` / / -*> 9T- 8/-0 =*- 7+0 +:8- +, :- -0-* 7/+7- / 5.1VT- )*:/ =*- 7+0 +:8- +, :- -0-* 7/+7- / 5.1V
E0ui%ent Liitati!n:
;<=>: T+ /9/: :- ,+ +, <**-0: /0 :- /*</: 07 )*+:-: :- 7/+7-.E-0 :+<8 - 0 <- =+- 4!% > *-/:0- =<: :- +:8- 7*+) *+*-/:-* / =- 9+*- 07 /: *-</*- 9+*- )+-* <))>; =-<- +, -</)9-0:/9/::/+0 - *- </08 4!% >,V!lteter 1=6&3 V: :- 9/0/9<9 +:8- *-</*-7 ,+* :- 7/+7- :+ :*: +07<:/+0/ %.6. + :- +:9-:-* *08- G%#1 / <,,//-0:.
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 23
S.N+ VG+: I G9A%12344.24.64."4.$5.%5.15.15.15.15.1
%%.25%.2!%.511.162.551%152%253%354%
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
Aeter 1=6&=9A :- 9?/9<9 )=//:> +, :- 99-:-* / G%#1%%9A =-<-+, -</)9-0: /9/::/+0 - *- </08 G%#1%9AE?-*/- 08- :- *-/:0- :+ 1b /0 :- ,+**7 =/ 07 0+:- :- 7/,,-*-0-
RESULT:
B*- 7+0 +:8- 5.1VD>09/ ,+**7 *-/:0- $.6`
?UESTIONS:
1. H+ 7+- :- 0- =*-7+0 7/,,-* ,*+9 Z-0-* =*-7+02. W: *- :- ))/:/+0 +, Z-0-* 7/+7-3. W: / :=//-*4. F+* :- *-,-*-0- +:8-; / / =+- 6V; : / :- :-9)-*:<*-
C+-,,//-0:
E*%erient N!: (
"AL/ AVE RECTI/IERIT"OUT IT" /ILTERS
AI.: T+ :<7> :- , - *-:/,/-* /*</: /:+<: 07 /: ,/:-*.
APPARATUS:
1. A99-:-* %#1%%9A 1N+.2. D/8/: 9<:/#9-:-* 1N+.3. D-7- *-/:0- =+? 1N+.
CO.PONENTS:
1. D/+7- 1N4%%! 2 N+.2. T*0,+*9-* 23%V 16#%#16 V; %.5A; 1N+.3. C)/:+* 1%%%F 63V 2 N+.
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 24
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= π 'πωt
= π 'π ωt
Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
T"EORY:
Recti$ier: A 7-/-; < :- -9/+07<:+* 7/+7-; / / )=- +, +0-*:/08
/0<+/7 /0)<: -,+*9 G+- -*8- <- / -*+ /0:+ <0/7/*-:/+0G:+<8 0+: +0:0: -,+*9 /: 0+0 -*+ -*8- +9)+0-0: / -7 *-:/,/-*.
A 9+: --:*+0/ /*</: *-</*- DC +<*- +, )+-*. F+* )+*:=- +#)+-* >:-9 =::-*/- 9> =- <-7. M+*- ,*-<-0:>; +--* --:*+0/-</)9-0: / -0-*8/-7 => )+-* <))>; /*</: / +0-*: :- AC -,+*9+, :- )+-* /0- :+ 7/*-: +:8- +, +0:0: 9)/:<7-.
T- =+ 7/8*9 +, 7 <))> / +0 =-+.
T- ,<0:/+0 +, :- */+< /*</: *- /:-71. Trans$!rer 7@<: :- -- < :: :- ))*+?/9:- 7 9)/:<7- /
/--72. Recti$ier A 7-/-; < :- -9/+07<:+* 7/+7-; / / )=- +,
+0-*:/08 /0<+/7 /0)<: -,+*9 G+- -*8- <- / -*+ /0:+ <0/7/*-:/+0 G:+<8 0+: +0:0: -,+*9 /: 0+0 -*+ -*8-
+9)+0-0:.3. /ilter S9++:- :- -,+*9 => -/9/0:/08 :- +9)+0-0: ,*+9 :-
*-:/,/-* +<:)<:4. Regulat!r M/0:/0 +0:0: +:8- -- /07-)-07-0: +, +7 +07/:/+0
+* */:/+0 /0 :- 9)/:<7- +, :- <))>.T- =/ /*</: ,+* , - *-:/,/-* / +0 =-+.
L-: V/ V9S/0ω:V9 / :- )- <-.
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 25
1rans!or,er ecti!ier "ilter egulator
AC Input 1o load
&N;==<
RL
AC Input
V
i
V 6
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
T- +7 <**-0: / 8/-0 =>/ I9/0 ω: /, %ω: Q/ % /, Qω: 2QI9 V9 GR, RL
D<*/08 :- /0:-*; ω: % Q; :- V/ / )+/:/- 07 :- 7/+7- / =- ,+**7=/-7 07 :- -</-0: /*</: / +0 =-+ G:- 7/+7- / *-)-7 => ,+**7*-/:0- R,
/ V/ GR, RL V9 /0ω: GR, RL
GV9 GR, RL /0ω:F+* :- /0:-* ω: d →2 d; :- V/ / 0-8:/- 07 :- 7/+7- =-+9- *--*-=/-7. T- -</-0: /*</: / +0 =-+. GT- 7/+7- / *-)-7 => +)-0/*</:.
T< :- +<:)<: <**-0: / <0/7/*-:/+0 07 /: / - 0+0#-*+ -*8- <-.I: -*8- <- *- +, +0- >- 7//7-7 => :- =-
∫ =π
α
π
2
'2
&id I dc eB-<- α f:; =- 2Q; *- +, +0- >- ∫
π
α
2
'
id g
I7
+∫ ∫
π π
π
α α α π
'
2
'sinI,2
&d d
I7 [ ]π α
π 'cos
2−m I
π
m I
T- 7 +<:)<: +:8- /V7 I7.RL
π
Lm R I
I*9
∫ π
α π
2
'
2
2
&d i
∫ α α
π
π
d im'
22sin
2
& I9 2
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 26
Vi
V 6
R$
RL
6
i
Vi
V 6
RL
6
i
i=0
v=vi
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
T- ,++/08 -,+*9 7-*/=- :- -,,-: +, :- )/:+* +0 :- /*</:*-)+0-.
L-: :- )/:+* / /0/:/> *8-7 7<*/08 :- ,/*: <*:-* >- :- 7/+7-+07<: 07 :- )/:+* *8- /: /0)<: +:8- <) :+ V+ V9 . W-0 / / ,=-+ V9 :- 7/+7- / 0+: +07<:/08 :- )/:+* 7/*8- : +-* *:- :0/0)<: +:8-. I, :- :/9- +0:0: RLC / *8- +9)*-7 )-*/+7 +, /0)<:-,+*9 :- 7/*8- / +. T< +0> 9 7-*-- /0 V O +<* =-:--0 :1
07 :2. A: :/9- : :2; :- / -< :- )/:+* +:8-. T- 7/+7- 8/0 +07<:=-:--0 :2 07 :3 7+- 0+: +07<: =-:--0 :3 07 :4. T- )*+- / *-)-:-7.
Ri%%le $act!r:
T- ,/:-*-7 +<:)<: DC <- 07 +9- */:/+0 GR/))-. T--9-* :- */:/+0 /: *-)-: :+ :- DC -- :- =-::-* :- ,/:-* /*</:+)-*:/+0. T- ,/:-* +:8- -,+*9 /: DC 07 */))- +:8- / +0 =-+.
R/))- ,:+*G* R9 <- +, +9)+0-0: +, /80 × 1%%K V* GR9 ×1%%K
A-*8- <- +, /80 V7
V!ltage regulati!n:
T- */:/+0 +, 7 +<:)<: ,<0:/+0 +, 7 +7 <**-0: / -7 *-8<:/+0.T- )-*-0:8- *-8<:/+0 / 8/-0
K *-8<:/+0 V 0+ +7 V +7 × 1%%KV +7
V 0+ +7 → 7 +<:)<: +:8- <07-* -*+ +7 <**-0: GRL ∞V +7 → 7 +<:)<: +:8- : 0+*9 +7 <**-0: : / *-8<:/+0 /
7-:-*9/0-7.F+* /7- )+-* <))> :- +<:)<: +:8- / /07-)-07-0: +, :- +7 <**-0: +* :-+7 *-/:0- 07 :- )-*-0:8- *-8<:/+0 / -*+
"AL/ AVE RECTI/IER IT"OUT /ILTER CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 28
1N4%%!
V+
DMM
A+
%#1%%9A
DRB
A C , a i n s
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
PROCEDURE:
1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- 7/8*9.2. /- /0)<: ,*+9 AC 9/0 07 9-<*- :- -+07*> +:8- V +, :-
:*0,+*9-*.3. M-<*- :- 0+ +7 DC +:8- </08 DMM. L-: :/ =- VNL.4. N+ +00-: :- DRB. V*> :- DRB 07 0+:- :- <- +, IDC; /0 :-) +,
1%9A <0:/ :- <**-0: *-- 1%%9A.5. A: - :-) 9-<*- :- VDC 07 V AC. C<:- */))- ,:+* γ :- *:/+ +,
V AC; VDC.
.!del #ave $!r $!r +al$ #ave recti$ier #it+!ut $ilter:
VTie
OBSERVATIONS: VNL!.5V
S.N+ IDC
G9
VDC
GV
V AC
GV
γ V ACVDC K*-8<:/+0 VNL#VDC ] 1%%
VDC
1%2%3%4%5%6%!%"%$%1%%
!.2!.1!.%6.$6."6."6."6.!6.66.5
$.2$.1$.%".$"."".""."".!".6".5
1.2!21.2"11.2"31.2"$1.2$41.2$41.2$41.2$"1.3%31.3%!
4.16 5.63 !.14 ".66 1%.2$ 1%.2$ 1%.2$ 11.$4 13.65 15.3"
Veri$- t+e $!ll!#ing t+e!retical calculati!ns:1. E?)-:-7 DC +<:)<: +:8-.2. R/))- ,:+* +, , -.3. O=-*- :- +<:)<: -,+*9 +0 CRO.
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
"AL/ AVE RECTI/IER IT" /ILTER CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:
PROCEDURE:
1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- 7/8*9.2. /- /0)<: ,*+9 AC 9/0 07 9-<*- :- -+07*> +:8- V +, :-
:*0,+*9-*.3. M-<*- :- 0+ +7 DC +:8- </08 DMM. L-: :/ =- VNL.4. N+ +00-: :- DRB. V*> :- DRB 07 0+:- :- <- +, I 7; /0 :-) +,
1%9A <0:/ :- <**-0: *-- 1%%9A.5. A: - :-) 9-<*- :- VDC 07 V AC. C<:- */))- ,:+* γ :- *:/+ +,
V AC VDC.
.!del #ave $!r $!r +al$ #ave recti$ier #it+ $ilter:
V
T/9- R/))- /0 , - *-:/,/-*
OBSERVATIONS: VNL 21.4
S.N+ IDC VDC V AC
G9
γ V AC VDC
Gh1%#3 K*-8<:/+0 VNL#VDC ] 1%% VDC
1%2%3%
1$.!1".$1".6
1$%.21"$.51"".3
$.651%.%21%.12
4.56".$$1%.!5
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 30
N'
N(
&N;==<
&===µ/
(V
DIB
V D..
A+
=6&==A
DRB A C a i n s
&===µ/
(V
+
-
+
-
+
-
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
4%5%6%!%"%$%1%%
1".41!.!1!.216.516.115.515.5
1""1"!.61"!1"!.41"!."1""1"5.5
1%.211%.5$1%."!11.3511.6612.1212.16
11.$516.3"1$.!624."42!.$532.$32.$
P+: :- 8*) +, VDC V IDC; γ V IDC 07 K *-8<:/+0 V IDC
CONCLUSION:
T- :-+*-:/ <- +, */))- ,:+* ,+* , - *-:/,/-* / 1.21 07 :-)*:/ <- +, */))- ,:+* / 1.2$ / / 9+: -<.
F*+9 :- )+: 7*0 = KR-8<:/+0 VS IDC - ,/07 :: :- 8*) / /0-*.RESULT # E?)-*/9-0:> :- -,,//-0> 4%."K GW/:+<: ,/:-* P-*-0:8- R-8<:/+0 %.%6 GW/: ,/:-* P-*-0:8- R-8<:/+0 %.14 R/))- ,:+* 1.21?UESTIONS:
1. H+ :- )/:+* *-7<- :- */))-2. E?)/0 + DC +:8- / ,/0> +=:/0-7; :*:/08 ,*+9 AC /0)<: +:8- :+
:- *-:/,/-* /*</:.3. T- )/:+* *-:/,/-* /*</: + : -0-+)- 7-9+7<:+*; E?)/0
E*%erient N!: ;
/ULL AVE RECTI/IERIT"OUT IT" /ILTERS
AI.: T+ :<7> :- ,< - *-:/,/-* /*</: /:+<: 07 /: ,/:-*.
APPARATUS:
1. A99-:-* %#1%%9A 1N+.2. D/8/: 9<:/#9-:-* 1N+.3. D-7- *-/:0- =+? 1N+.
CO.PONENTS:
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A C , a i n s
D1
D2
Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
4. D/+7- 1N4%%! 2 N+.5. T*0,+*9-* 23%V 16#%#16 V; %.5A; 1N+.6. C)/:+* 1%%%F 63V 2 N+.
T"EORY:Recti$ier:
A 7-/-; < :- -9/+07<:+* 7/+7-; / / )=- +, +0-*:/08 /0<+/7 /0)<: -,+*9 G+- -*8- <- / -*+ /0:+ <0/7/*-:/+0G:+<8 0+: +0:0: -,+*9 /: 0+0 -*+ -*8- +9)+0-0: / -7 *-:/,/-*.
A 9+: --:*+0/ /*</: *-</*- DC +<*- +, )+-*. F+* )+*:=- +#)+-* >:-9 =::-*/- 9> =- <-7. M+*- ,*-<-0:>; +--* --:*+0/-</)9-0: / -0-*8/-7 => )+-* <))>; /*</: / +0-*: :- AC -,+*9+, :- )+-* /0- :+ 7/*-: +:8- +, +0:0: 9)/:<7-.
T- =+ 7/8*9 +, 7 <))> / +0 =-+.
T- ,<0:/+0 +, :- */+< /*</: *- /:-75. Trans$!rer 7@<: :- -- < :: :- ))*+?/9:- 7 9)/:<7- /
/--76. Recti$ier A 7-/-; < :- -9/+07<:+* 7/+7-; / / )=- +,
+0-*:/08 /0<+/7 /0)<: -,+*9 G+- -*8- <- / -*+ /0:+ <0/7/*-:/+0 G:+<8 0+: +0:0: -,+*9 /: 0+0 -*+ -*8-+9)+0-0:.
!. /ilter S9++:- :- -,+*9 => -/9/0:/08 :- +9)+0-0: ,*+9 :-*-:/,/-* +<:)<:
". Regulat!r M/0:/0 +0:0: +:8- -- /07-)-07-0: +, +7 +07/:/+0+* */:/+0 /0 :- 9)/:<7- +, :- <))>.
/ull #ave recti$ier:
T- /*</: +, :- ,< - *-:/,/-* / +0 =-+. T/ /*</: / --0 :++9)*/- :+ ,#- /*</: +00-:-7 + :: +07<:/+0 :- )- :*+<8+0- 7/+7- 7<*/08 +0- , >- 07 :+*+<8 +:-* 7/+7- 7<*/08 :- -+07 , +, :- >-.
/1 /9
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 32
1rans!or,er ecti!ier "ilter egulator
AC Input 1o load
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
9 /1 % Q 2Q f: V+ #
/ /2
9 /2 /9
#% Q 2Q f:
/ /9 I7
f:
D<*/08 :- )+/:/- >- +, :- /0)<: /80 D1 / ,+**7 =/-7 07 /1 <**-0:/ ,+0 :*+<8 D1 07 RL. D<*/08 0-8:/- , >- +, :- /0)<: /80; D 2 /*--*- =/-7 07 /2 <**-0: / ,+/08 :*+<8 D2 07 RL. T- <**-0: :+ :- +7;/ / :- <9 +, :-- <**-0:; / /1/2. T- 7 07 *9 <- +, :- +7<**-0: 07 +7 +:8- *-.
I7 A-*8- <- A*- +, +0- >- 7//7-7 => :- =- e=-<- -*- =-G:/9- Qg
I7 [ ]π π
α
π
α α
π '
'
cos4sin& −=∫ m
m
I d I
)2$−−
π
mi 2I9 Q
W-*- I9 L f
m
R R
V
+ ;
π
Lm
Ldcdc
R I R I V
2==
V9 / :- )- :*0,+*9-* -+07*> +:8- ,*+9 +0- -07 :+ :- -0:-* :).T- 7 +<:)<: +:8- +, :- F<- +00-:/+0 / :/- :: ,+* :- , -/*</:. B-<- :- *- =+- :- ?/ ,+* +0- ,< AC /0)<: >- / :/- ::+=:/0-7 ,+* ,#- >:-9.
I2*9
∫
π
α α
π '
2244sin
&d I m α
α
π
π
d I m
∫
−
'
2
2
2cos&
π
α
α α
π '
22sin
2
−m I I92 2 I*9
2
m I
PIV:
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 33
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A C , a i n
s
A B
C D
Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
W-0 0> +0- +, :- :+ 7/+7- / *--*-7 =/-7; G-: :: / *-)-7 =>+)-0 /*</: :- 9?/9<9 +:8- ))-* *+ :: +)-0 /*</:. T/ 0 =-+-7 => ,++/08 -</-0: /*</:
9 9
RL RL
9 9
W-0 D1 → +)-0 /*</:-7 G*--*- =/-7 -0 D1 → +*: /*</:-7 G,+**7=/-7 D2 → +*: /*</:-7 G,+**7 =/-7 D 2 → +)-0 /*</:-7 G*--*-=/-7
B> ))>/08 :- VL - 0 ,/07 +<:; V AB +* VCD
V AB VCD 2V9
T<; -0 0> 7/+7- / *--*- =/-7; 07 :-0 9?/9<9 +, 2V9))-* *+ :: 7/+7-. F+* ,- +)-*:/+0; :- PIV *:/08 +, :: 7/+7- +<7 =-8*-:-* :: +* -< :+ 2V9.
PIV Y 2V9 ,+* -0:-* :) :*0,+*9-* ,<#- *-:/,/-*
/ULL AVE RECTI/IER IT"OUT /ILTER CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:
PROCEDURE: 1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- 7/8*9.2. /- /0)<: ,*+9 AC 9/0 07 9-<*- :- -+07*> +:8- V +, :-
:*0,+*9-*.3. M-<*- :- 0+ +7 DC +:8- </08 DMM. L-: :/ =- VNL.
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 34
&N;==<
V+
D..DRB
&N;==<
A+
=6&==A
A C , a i n s
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
4. N+ +00-: :- DRB. V*> :- DRB 07 0+:- :- <- +, I7; /0 :-) +, 1%9A <0:/ :- <**-0: *-- 1%%9A.
5. A: - :-) 9-<*- :- VDC 07 V AC. C<:- */))- ,:+* γ :- *:/+ +, V AC VDC.
.!del #ave $!rs $!r /ull #ave recti$ier #it+!ut $ilter:
V
T/9-#
OBSERVATIONS:
VNL14.1V
S.N+ IDC
G9
VDC
GV
V AC
GV
γ V ACVDC K*-8<:/+0 VNL#VDC ] 1%%
VDC1%2%3%4%5%6%!%"%$%1%%
14.%13.$13."13."13.!13.!13.!13.!13.613.6
6.26.16.%6.%6.%6.%6.%6.%6.%6.%
%.442%.43"%.434%.434%.434%.43!%.43!%.43!%.441%.441
%.!11.432.1!2.1!2.$12.$12.$12.$13.6!3.6!
P+: :- 8*) +, VDC -*- IDC. γ V IDC 07 <:- :- :-+*-:/ <- +, -?)-:-7 DC +<:)<: +:8- 07 +=-*- :- +<:)<: +0 CRO.
/ULL AVE RECTI/IER IT" /ILTER CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:
.!del gra%+ $ull #ave recti$ier #it+ $ilter:
V
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 35
N'
N(
&N;==<
&===µ/
(V
DIB
V D..
A+
=6&==A
DRB A C a i n s
&===µ/
(V
+
-
+
-
+
-
&N;==<
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
Ri%%les in $ull #ave recti$ier Tie6
PROCEDURE:R-)-: :- -?)-*/9-0: ,+* ,< - *-:/,/-* /: :- +00-:/+0 +0 /0 :-=+- ,/8<*- 07 :=<:- :- *-<:,OBSERVATIONS:
S.N+ IDCG9A VDCG V ACG9 γ V AC VDC
Gh1%#3
K*-8<:/+0 VNL#VDC ] 1%% VDC
1%2%3%4%5%6%!%"%$%1%%
1$.!1".$1".61".41!.!1!.216.516.115.515.5
1$%.21"$.51"".31""1"!.61"!1"!.41"!."1""1"5.5
$.651%.%21%.121%.211%.5$1%."!11.3511.6612.1212.16
4.56".$$1%.!511.$516.3"1$.!624."42!.$532.$32.$
CONCLUSIONS:T-+*-:/ 07 )*:/ */))- ,:+* ,+* ,< - *-:/,/-* *- -*> -.T- 8*)/ *-)*--0::/+0 +, KR-8<:/+0 -*- IDC / /0-*.
RESULT: 6 E?)-*/9-0:> :- -,,//-0> "1.14K GW/:+<: ,/:-* P-*-0:8- +, R-8<:/+0 %.56 R/))- ,:+* %.4"2 GW/: ,/:-* P-*-0:8- +, R-8<:/+0 %.1%$
?UESTIONS:
1. W> 7+- */))- ,:+* / 8++7 ,+* ,< - *-:/,/-* :0 :- , -*-:/,/-*
2. T- ,*-<-0> +, :- ,< - *-:/,/-* / :/- :: +, /0)<: /80 ,*-<-0>07 :- ,*-<-0> +, :- , - *-:/,/-* / 9- :: +, :- IP /80,*-<-0>; E?)/0 >
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
3. W> +<7 =- :- PIV *:/08 +, :- 7/+7- /0 ,< - *-:/,/-* / :/- :: +, 7/+7- /0 , - *-:/,/-*
Experiment No: 5
TRANSISTOR CE CON/I7URATION1INPUT AND OUTPUT3
AI.: T+ +=:/0 :- /0)<: 07 +<:)<: *:-*/:/ +, 8/-0 :*0/:+* /0 CEC+0,/8<*:/+0.
APPARATUS:
1. P+-* <))/- %#3%V 2N+.2. A99-:-* %#19A; 1 N+.
%# 1% 9A; 1 N+.%#1%%9A 1 N+.
3. V+:9-:-* %#1V 1 N+.%#3%V 1 N+.
CO.PONENTS:
1. T*0/:+* BC 1%! 1N+.2. R-/:+* 1Ω 1N+.
T"EORY:6
In%ut c+aracteristics
T*0/:+*
T- /0)<: *:-*/:/ / :- )+: +, :- /0)<: <**-0: I B V /0)<: +:8- VBE
,+* *08- +, <- +, +<:)<: +:8- VCE.
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 37
V
C 5 6& V
V
C 5 6 ' V
IB
VB5
V
C 5 62 V
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
W/: VCE % 07 -9/::-* @<0:/+0 ,+**7 =/-7; :- /0)<: *:-*/:/ /--0:/> :: +, ,+**7 =/. A |VCE| /0*-- /: +0:0: VBE; /: <- 7-*-- /0 =- /7: 07 *-<: /0 7-*-/08 *-+9=/0:/+0 =- <**-0:.
Out%ut C+aracteristicsT- +<:)<: *:-*/:/ *- )+: +, :- +<:)<: <**-0: IC -*< +<:)<: +:8-VCE ,+* *08- +, <- +, /0)<: <**-0: IB.
%
Active Regi!nI0 :- :/- *-8/+0 :- +-:+* @<0:/+0 / *--*-7 =/-7 07 -9/::-*
@<0:/+0 / ,+**7 =/-7. I0 :/ *-8/+0 :- :*0/:+* +<:)<: <**-0: IC *-)+079+: -0/:/-> :+ 0 /0)<: /80.
I0 :- :/- *-8/+0 :- +<:)<: *:-*/:/ IC / 8/-0 =>IC βIB G1β ICO.
N+:- :: IB YYICO; 07 -0- IC ≅βIB /0 :- :/- *-8/+0.T- <*- +, :- +<:)<: *:-*/:/ *- 0+: +*/+0: :+- +, :-
+<:)<: *:-*/:/ /0 :- +99+0 =- +0,/8<*:/+0. A<9- ::; =-<- +, :- -*> -,,-: ;α /0*-- => +0> +0- , +, 1K
,*+9 %.$" :+ %.$"5; |VCE| /0*-- ,*+9 ,- +: :+ 1% +:; :-0 :- <- +, B-: /0*-- ,*+9 G%.$"1#%.$" 4$ :+ G%.$"51#%$"5 66; +* =+<: 34K. T/0<9-*/ -?9)- /<:*:- :: -*> 9 08- /0 α *-,-: -*> *8-08- /0 :- <- +, β; 07 -0- <)+0 :- +99+0 -9/::-* <*-.Cut6!$$ regi!n
T- <:#+,, *-8/+0 / 7-,/0-7 :- +07/:/+0 -*- :- +-:+* <**-0: /-< :+ :- *--*- :<*:/+0 <**-0: ICO 07 :- -9/::-* <**-0: / -*+. F+* :-:*0/:+* :+ =- /0 <:#+,,; IE%; ICICO; IB #IC #ICO; 07 VBE / *--*- +:8-+- 980/:<7- / +, :- +*7-* +, %.1V ,+* 8-*90/<9 07 % V ,+* //+0 :*0/:+*.
Saturati!n regi!n
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 38
S A T U R
A T I O N
R E G I O N
IC IB67''µA
IB688'µA
IB68''µA
IB6'µA
VC5
IC5.
6 βICB.
CUTOFF REGION
ACTIVE REGION
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
I0 :- :<*:/+0 *-8/+0 :- +-:+* @<0:/+0 07 -9/::-* @<0:/+0 *- ,+**7=/-7 => : -: :- <:#/0 +:8- GVγ . S/0- :- +:8- VBE 07 VBC *+ ,+**7 =/-7 -9/::-* @<0:/+0 07 +-:+* @<0:/+0 - 980/:<7- +, +0> ,-:-0: +, +: GVγ ; VCE VBE # VBC -*+; G/7- +* VCE ,- :-0: +, :- +:
G)*:/ : :<*:/+0. H-0-; /0 +<:)<: *:-*/:/ :- :<*:/+0 *-8/+0 / -*>+- :+ -*+ +:8- ?/.I0 :<*:/+0 *-8/+0 :- +-:+* <**-0: / ))*+?/9:-> -< :+ =-
<**-0:; ,+* 8/-0 <- +, VCC 07 RC.
INPUT OUTPUT C"ARACTERISTICS CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:
PROCEDURE /OR INPUT C"ARACTERISTICS:
1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- 7/8*9. --) :- V CE %V G+0:0:.I0*-- :- VBE 07 +=-*- :- IB ,+* 7/,,-*-0: <- +, VBE.
2. T=<:- :- *-<:. P+: :- 8*) VBE V IB. R-)-: :- -?)-*/9-0: ,+* VCE 1V & VCE 2V.
PROCEDURE /OR OUTPUT C"ARACTERISTICS:1. S:*:/08 /: VBB %; /0*-- /: :+ 8-: IB 5%%<A. T-0 /0*-- :- VCC /0
:-) 07 0+:- 7+0 :- <- +, IC; /:+<: -?--7/08 :- *:-7 <-.
2. T=<:- :- *-<:. R-)-: ,+* 7/,,-*-0: <- +, IB ; > 55%µ A & 6%%µ A 077* :- ,9/> +, *:-*/:/.
OBSERVATIONS:
I0)<: *:-*/:/ O<:)<: *:-*/:/
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 39
=6(=V
V
+
=6&V
A+
=6&= A
V
+
=6(=V
A+
=6&==A
&F
=6(=V
BC&=<
INPUT C"ARACTERISTICS
-
-
-
-+
-
+
-
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
CONCLUSIONS:
F*+9 :- )+: 7*0 B-:--0 IC & VBE ,+* +0:0: <- +, VCE - +=-*- :: VCB
/0*-- IE /0*-- :/ / 7<- :+ -*>-,,-:.F*+9 :- P+: 7*0 B-:--0 IC & VCE ,+* +0:0: <- +, IE - +=-*- :: IC
/0*-- ,+* +0:0: <- +, IE.
RESULT: # F+* I0)<: C*:-*/:/ 7>09/ *-/:0- 33.33b F+* O<:)<: C*:-*/:/ 7>09/ *-/:0- 4%% b
?UESTIONS
1. W: / ICBO; 07 + 7+- /: */- /: :-9)-*:<*-.2. W: +<7 =- :- <- +, :- VBE :+ --) :- :*0/:+* /0 :- <:#+,,
G=+: - 07 S/3. W: / :- +*7-* +, 980/:<7- +, :- :-9)-*:<*- +#-,,//-0: +, VBE GSAT; VBC
GSAT; 07 VCE GSAT4. I | VBE GSAT;| 8*-:-* +* - :0 | VCE GSAT E?)/0.5. W> :- OP *:-*/:/ +, CE +0,/8<*:/+0 7+ *- 0+: +*/+0:
:+- +, C.B +0,/8<*:/+0 OP *:-*/:/
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 40
S.N+ VCE% VCE1VBEG IBG9 VBEG IBG9%.1%.2
%.3%.4%.5%.6%.62%.64%.66%.6"%.!%.!3
%%.1"
%.2%.3%.4%.$1.21."2.53."5.$1%
%.1%.2
%.3%.4%.5%.6%.!%.!2%.!4%.!6%.!"%."%.$2
%%.2
%.3%.4%.5%.6%."1.31.62.12.!3.61%
S.N+ IB5"%µ A IB6%%µ A IB62%µ AIC VCE IC VCE IC VCE
%.3%.4
%.5%.6%.!%."%."%."
12
4!$1%1112
%.6%.6
%.!%."%.$%.$%.$1.%1.%
13
5!"$1%1112
%.$%.$
1.%1.11.21.31.41.4
12
46"1%1112
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
E*%erient N!:
TRANSISTOR CB CON/I7URATION
AI.: T+ +=:/0 :- /0)<: 07 +<:)<: *:-*/:/ +, 8/-0 :*0/:+* /0 CB
C+0,/8<*:/+0.APPARATUS:
1. P+-* <))/- %#3%V 2N+.2. A99-:-* %#1%9A 2N+.3. V+:9-:-* %#1V 1 N+.
%#3%V 1 N+.
CO.PONENTS:
1. T*0/:+* BC 1%! #1N+.2. R-/:+* #1Ω #1N+.
T"EORY:I0 :- +99+0 =- +0,/8<*:/+0; :- =- / +99+0 :+ =+: /0)<: 07
+<:)<: /*</:. T- +<:)<: G+-:+* <**-0: IC / +9)-:-> 7-:-*9/0-7 => :- /0)<:G-9/::-* <**-0: IE 07 :- +<:)<: G+-:+* :+ =- +:8- VCB.
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
IC , GVCB; IET- /0)<: +:8- VEB / +9)-:-> 7-:-*9/0-7 ,*+9 :- -9/::-* <**-0: 07
+-:+* :+ =- +:8-.
T+e earl- e$$ect !r )ase #idt+ !dulati!n:
T- /7: W +, :- 7-)-:/+0 *-8/+0 +, :- 7/+7- /0*-- /: :- 980/:<7-+, :- *--*- +:8-. T- +-:+* @<0:/+0 / *--*- =/-7 /0 :- :/- *-8/+0.
A :- +:8- ))/-7 : :- @<0:/+0 /0*--; :*0/:/+0 *-8/+0 )-0-:*:- 7--)-* /0:+ :- +-:+* 07 =-. A :- 0-<:*/:> +, :- *8- 9<: =- 9/0:/0-7; :-0<9=-* +, <0+-*-7 *8- +0 - /7- *-9/0 -<. S/0- :- 7+)/08 /0 :-=- / 9-* :0 :: +, :- +-:+*; :- )-0-:*:/+0 +, :- :*0/:/+0 *-8/+0 /0:+:- =- / 9< *8-* :0 /0:+ :- +-:+*. H-0- +-:+* 7-)-:/+0 *-8/+0 /0-8-:-7.
T/ 9+7<:/+0 +, -,,-:/- =- /7: => +-:+* +:8- / 0+0 -*>-,,-: +* =- /7: 9+7<:/+0. T-- -,,-: - :*-- +0-<-0-.
&3 α /0*-- /: /0*-- /0 VCB
'3 IE /0*-- /: /0*-- /0 VCB
(3 F+* -?:*-9-> *8- +:8- :- =- /7: 9> =- *-7<-7 :+ -*+;</08 +:8- =*-7+0 /0 :- :*0/:+*.
In%ut c+aracteristics
T- /0)<: *:-*/:/ *-)*--0: :- ,+**7 *:-*/:/ +, :- -9/::-* :+ =- @<0:/+0 ,+* */+< +-:+* +:8-.
F+* ,/?-7 <- +, +-:+* +:8- VCB; :- =- :+ -9/::-* +:8- GVEB / =-+:- <:#/0 +:8- GVγ :- -9/::-* <**-0: / -*> 9. W-0 VEB -?--7 :/ Vγ :--9/::-* <**-0: /0*-- *)/7>. T- /0*-- /0 :- 980/:<7- +, +-:+* +:8-/ <- :- =- /7: 9+7<:/+0 07 :- -9/::-* <**-0: /0*-- ,+* - <-+, VEB.
Out%ut c+aracteristics
T- +<:)<: *:-*/:/ / *-:- +<:)<: <**-0: IC :+ 0 +<:)<: +:8- VCB
,+* */+< <- +, IE.T- +<:)<: *:-*/:/ - :*-- =/ *-8/+0.
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 42
V
C
B6& V
V
C
B62 V
I5
V5B
V
C
B6 ' V
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
1 A:/- R-8/+0 2 C<:#O,, R-8/+0 3 S:<*:/+0 R-8/+0
Active Regi!n I0 :- :/- *-8/+0 :- +-:+* @<0:/+0 / *--*-7 =/-7 07 -9/::-*
@<0:/+0 / ,+**7 =/-7. I0 :/ *-8/+0 :- :*0/:+* +<:)<: <**-0: IC *-)+079+: -0/:/-> :+ 0 /0)<: /80.
I0 :- :/- *-8/+0 :- +<:)<: *:-*/:/ IC / 8/-0 =>IC αIEIB%. IE YYIBO; 07 -0- IC ≅αIE /0 :- :/- *-8/+0.
07 α / - :0 1.S+ :- +-:+* <**-0: / --0:/> /07-)-07-0: +, +-:+* +:8- 07 7-)-07 +0> <)+0 -9/::-* <**-0:.
:- 980/:<7- +, +-:+* <**-0: / G/8:> - :0 :: +, :- -9/::-* <**-0:.
Saturati!n Regi!n
T- *-8/+0 :+ :- -,: +, :- +*7/0:-; VCB %; 07 =+- :- *:-*/:/ I E %; /0 / =+: -9/::-* 07 +-:+* @<0:/+0 *- ,+**7 =/-7; / -7 :-
:<*:/+0 *-8/+0. T-*- / *8- 08- /0 :- +-:+* <**-0: /: 9 08-/0 +-:+* +:8-.
Cut6!$$ Regi!n
T- *-8/+0 =-+ :- IE % *:-*/:/; ,+* / -9/::-* 07 +-:+* @<0:/+0 *- =+: *--*- =/-7; / *-,-**-7 :+ <:#+,, *-8/+0.
CIRCUIT DIA7RA.
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 43
S A 1 9 A 1 I . N
5 G I . N
IC
I5 6 :,A
I5 6 2,A
I5 6 &,A
I5 6 ',A
VCB
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/ig: ;,( INPUT AND OUTPUT C"ARACTERISTICS O/ CB TRANSISTOR
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
PROCEDURE:
INPUT C"ARACTERISTICS:
1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- 7/8*9. --) :- VCB %VG+0:0:.I0*-- :- VEB 07 +=-*- :- IE ,+* 7/,,-*-0: <- +, VEB.
2. T=<:- :- *-<:. P+: :- 8*) VEB V IE. R-)-: :- -?)-*/9-0: ,+* VCB 1V & VCB 1.5V.
OUTPUT C"ARACTERISTICS:
1. S:*:/08 /: VEB %; /0*-- /: :+ 8-: IE 19A. T-0 /0*-- :- VCB /0:-) 07 0+:- 7+0 :- <- +, I; /:+<: -?--7/08 :- *:-7 <-.
2. T=<:- :- *-<:. R-)-: ,+* 7/,,-*-0: <- +, IE ; > 29A & 39A 077* :- ,9/> +, *:-*/:/.
OBSERVATIONS:
INPUT C"ARACTERISTICS OUTPUT C"ARACTERISTICS
CONCLUSIONS:
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 44
S.N+ VCB % VCB 1
VEB IE VEB IE123456!"$1%
1112
%%.1%.2%.3%.4%.5%.52%.54%.56%.5"
%.6%.62
%%.11%.22%.32%.42%.63%.!$1.%62.353.!2
6.%$.43
%%.1%.2%.3%.4%.5%.52%.54%.56
%%.11%.22%.32%.42%.613.356.6"".65
S.N+ IE 19A IE 29A IE 39A
IC VCB IC VCB IC VCB123456!"$1%
11
%.43%.52%.64%.!3%."2%.$21.%1.11.1!1.26
1.34
%246"1%1214161"
2%
1.421.!41."31."$1.$"2.%52.%!2.162.232.35
2.4
%246"1%1214161"
2%
2.422.6"2."2.$2.$$3.%!3.133.213.313.43
3.4!
%246"1%1214161"
2%
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
F*+9 :- /0)<: *:-*/:/ - +=-*-7 :: VCE /0*-- VBE G<: /0 +:8-7-*-- 07 =- <**-0: IB /0*-- 7<- :+ =- /7: 9+7<:/+0.
F*+9 :- +<:)<: *:-*/:/ - +=-*-7 :: IE /0*--; IC + /0*--07 IC / 9+: -< :+ IE VCE /0*--.
RESULT # T- I0)<: 07 O<:)<: C*:-*/:/ +, C+99+0#B- +0,/8<*:/+0 *-+=:/0-7.
?UESTIONS
1. W: / =- /7: 9+7<:/+0 GT- -*> -,,-:2. T- +99+0 =- 9)/,/-* / + <**-0: ,++-*; >3. W: / 9-0: => :/- *-8/+04. B-<- +, -*> -,,-:; :-*- / 9 /0*-- /0 |IC|; /: VCB;
E?)/0
E*%erient N!: <
.EASURE.ENT O/ "6PARA.ETERS O/ TRANSISTORIN CB5 CE5 CC CON/I7URATIONS
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
AI.: T+ 9-<*- :- #)*9-:-* +, :- 8/-0 :*0/:+* /0 CB; CE*:-*/:/.T+e!r-:
T- :-*9/0 =-/+* +, :+ )+*: 7-/- / )-/,/-7 => :+ +:8- 07:+ <**-0:.
/1 /2 I0)<: V1 V2 +<:)<:P+*: # # )+*:
W- 9> --: :+ +, :- ,+<* <0:/:/- /07-)-07-0: */=- 07-?)*- :- *-9/0/08 :+ /0 :-*9 +, :- +-0 /07-)-07-0: */=-. I, :-<**-0: /1 07 :- +:8- V2 *- /07-)-07-0: */=- 07 /, :- :+ )+*: *-/0-*; - 9> */:-
V1 11 /1 12V2. /1 21 /1 22V2.
T- <0:/:/- 11; 12; 21; & 22 *- -7 :- +* >=*/7 )*9-:-* =-<-:-> *- 0+: /- 7/9-0/+0>. T- )*9-:-* *- 7-,/0-7 ,++.
/ 11 V1 /0)<: *-/:0- /: +<:)<: +*: /*</:G+9 /1 V2 %
* 12 V1 *--*- +)-0 /*</: +:8- 9)/,/:/+0V2 /2 % G7/9-0/+0-
, 21 /2 +*: /*</: <**-0: 8/0 G 7/9-0/+0-
/1 V2 %
+ 22 /1 +<:)<: +07<:0- /: +)-0 /*</: G9+ V2 /1 %
T- 9+7- B> </08 ,+<* #)*9-:-* - 0 +0:*<: 9:-9:/ 9+7- +, :- :+ )+*: :/- 7-/-.
Transist!r "-)rid .!del:
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 46
Two-port activ
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
F+* 9 /80; :- :*0/:+* +)-*:- /: *-+0=- /0-*/:>; +:: :- :*0/:+* 0 =- *-)-7 => >=*/7 -</-0: /*</:.
T- >=*/7 9 /80 9+7- ,+* +99+0 -9/::-* +0,/8<*:/+0.F+* +99+0 -9/::-* +0,/8<*:/+0; :- /0)<: +:8- 07 /0)<: <**-0:
*- VBE 07 IB. :- +<:)<: +:8- 07 <**-0: *- VCE 07 IC.
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LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 47
I I
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
T- #)*9-:-* -<:/+0 *-
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LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 48
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
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ih
∆∆≅
∂∂=
OBSERVATIONS:T- #)*9-:-* ,+* CE +0,/8<*:/+0 *-
/- GiV=-iI= : V-1V
( )
Ω=−
−− 2''
&'74';4'
74'7<4':
*- GiV=-iV- : I=%."9A
( )
'74'
'&
8;4'7<4'=
−
−
,/- GiIiI= : V-2V
( )
( ) &7
&'884'74'
&'<4'24&:
:
=−
−−
−
+- GiIiV- : I=%."9A
( )
( ):
:
:
&'=&4'&'2<
&'24&<4& −
−
−
=−
−
T- #)*9-:-* ,+* CB+0,/8<*:/+0 *-
/= GiV=-iI- : V-1V
( ) Ω=−
−− 748
&'24&847824'884' :
*= GiV=-iV- : I-%."9A
( )
'>4''&
8;4'784'=
−
−
,= GiIiI- : V-2V
( )
( ) &
&'2:
&'74&742:
:
=−
−−
−
+= GiIiV- : I-%."9A
( )
( )
:
:
:
&'=&84'
&''2
&'<4&>4& −
−
−
=
−
−
C!nclusi!ns:C+0</+0 0 =- 97- +0 :-+*-:/ 07 )*:/ <- +, /-; *-; +-; ,-,+* CE +0,/8<*:/+0.
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
C+0</+0 0 =- 97- +0 :-+*-:/ 07 )*:/ <- +, /=; *=; +=; ,=,+* CB +0,/8<*:/+0.
?UESTIONS:
1. W> 7+- :- #)*9-:-* *> /: </--0: )+/0: 07 :-9)-*:<*-2. H+ + :- #)*9-:-* *> /: </--0: )+/0: 07 :-9)-*:<*-3. D* :- /9)/,/-7 >=*/7 9+7- ,+* +99+0 -9/::-* +0,/8<*:/+0
/*</:.
E*%erient N!,G
FET CHARACTERISTICS
AIM T+ +=:/0 :- ::/ *:-*/:/ GVDS . ID.. T+ +=:/0 :- :*0,-* *:-*/:/ GVS . ID +, 8/-0 FET 07 :+ <:- :- )*9-:-* +, FET G*7;
9; APPARATUS:
1. P+-* <))/- %#3%V 2N+.2. 99-:-* %# 1%9A 1 N+3. V+:9-:-* %#1%V 1 N+4. R.P.S %#3%V 1 N+
CO.PONENTS:
1. FET BFW 11 1N+2. D/+7- IN 4%%! 1N+
T"EORY:6/ET C"ARACTERISTICS
T- ,/-7 -,,-: :*0/:+* / :*-- :-*9/0 -9/+07<:+* 7-/-. T- :*--:-*9/0 *- :-; D*/0 07 S+<*-. T- FET / 9@+*/:> **/-* GU0/)+*7-/- 07 /: / +:8- +0:*+-7 <**-0: +<*-. I: / +:8- +0:*+-7 7-/-/0- :- +<:)<: 7*/0 <**-0: / +0:*+-7 => :- :+ +<*- +:8-. I: 0 + :
<**-0: +<*- /0- :- +<:)<: 7*/0 <**-0: /07-)-07-0: +0 :- 7*/0*-/:0- +* 7*/0 :+ +<*- +:8-T- /8 /0)<: /9)-70- 07 + 0+/- *- :+ +, :- 70:8- +, FET.
T- 9/0 7/70:8- +, FET / *-:/-> 9 8/0 =07/7: )*+7<: +9)*-7 :+ :*0/:+*.
A0 /9)+*:0: ,-:<*- +, :- FET / ::; /: / +,:-0 /9)-* :+ ,=*/:- 07+<)/- - )- +0 :- /) :-0 7+- :- BJT. T+ :- *-<:0: +9)+0-0:7-0/:> 0 =- -?:*-9-> /8; +, -?--7/08 +, 1% 5 MOSFET )-* /). MOS
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
7-/- 0 =- +00-:-7 *-/:+* 07 )/:+*. E?)+/::/+0 +, :/ ,-:<*-9- :- MOSFET :- 7+9/0:- 7-/- /0 VLSI.
T-*- *- :+ :>)- +, ,/-7 -,,-: :*0/:+*.T- @<0:/+0 ,/-7 -,,-: :*0/:+* GJFET +* /9)> FET.
A07 :- I0<:-7 :- ,/-7 -,,-: :*0/:+* GIFET 9+*- +99+0> -7:- M-: O?/7- -9/+07<:+* GMOS :*0/:+*. GMOST +* MOSFET.
MOSFET *- +, :+ :>)- .D-)-:/+0 :>)- MOSFET 07 E00-7 :>)-MOSFET. T- JFET 07 7-)-:/+0 :>)- MOSFET 0 =- <-7 /0 9)/,/-* . T--00-9-0: :>)- MOSFET / 9+*- )+)<* /0 7/8/: /*</:.
8/ET V6I C+aracteristics,T-*- *- :+ :>)- +, JFET +0- / 0#C00- 07 :- +:-* / )# C00-
FET. T- C*:-*/:/ +, 0#00- FET *- +0 =-+. F+* 0#00- FET :-8:- :+ +<*- +:8- / 0-8:/- 07 ,+* :- )#00- FET 8:- :+ +<*- +:8-/ )+/:/-.
Static c+aracteristicS::/ *:-*/:/ *- :- )+: +, ID -*< VDS ,+* *08- +, <- +, VS.
W/: VS %; 07 => ))>/08 VDS; :/ VDS +08 :- 0#:>)- =* *--*- =/- :-8:-#@<0:/+0. F+* 9 <- +, VDS; ID /0*-- /0-*> /: VDS. A +:8- VDS /*--7 : / :- 00- / )/0#+,,; ID =-8/0 :+ -- +,, 07 ))*+-+0:0: <- GIDSS.
IDSS / :- 9?/9<9 7*/0 <**-0: ,+* JFET / 7-,/0-7 => :- +07/:/+0.VS %V 07 VDS / 8*-:-* :0 |VP|.
T+e O+ic Regi!n
T- *-8/+0 :+ :- -,: +, :- )/0 +,, +< / *-,-**-7 +9/ R-8/+0 +* V+:8- +0:*+-7 *-/:0- R-8/+0. I0 :/ *-8/+0 :- JFET 0 :<> =--9)+>-7 */=- *-/:+*. GR-/:0- VD ID. I +0:*+-7 => :- VS.
Pinc+6!$$ Regi!n !r Saturati!n Regi!n
I0 :/ *-8/+0 ID *-)+07 -*> /8:> :+ VDS; /: 7-)-07 <)+0 VS 07 /8/-0 =>
ID IDSS 1 VS2
VP
W-*- VP P/0 +,, V+:8-.
T- )/0 +,, V+:8- / 7-,/0-7 ; I: / :- 8:- :+ +<*- +:8- : /:- 7*/0 <**-0: =-+9- -*+. T- FET : +:8- +0:*+-7 <**-0: +<*-07 0 =- <-7 0 9)/,/-* => )*+)-*> =/-7.
Trans$er C+aracteristics:
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
T- :*0,-* C*:-*/:/ / )+: +, ID V-*< VS : +0:0: <- +, VDS.
W-0 VS %; ID IDSS.W-0 VS VP; ID %.
T- :*0,-* *:-*/:/ *- 7-,/0-7 => :- -<:/+0 I D IDSS 1 VS2
VP
SY.BOLS
N# C00- JFET P C00- JFET
L-7 +0,/8<*:/+0T- 7/*-:/+0 +, :- **+ /07/:- :- 7/*-:/+0 /0 / :- 8:- <**-0:
+<7 ,+ +, :- 8:- @<0:/+0 -*- ,+**7 =/-7.
CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:
PROCEDURE:
A3 STATIC C"ARACTERISTICS
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=6(=V
B/ &&
&N;==<
V
=6&=V=6(=V V
=6(=V
A+
=6&=A
B
6
6
7
D
S
7
D
S
Source
DrainGate &
Gate 2
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- ,/8<*-. T- 7/+7- / +0> ,+* )*+:-:/+0.--) :- 8:- +:8- VS %V 07 /0*-- :- 7*/0 +:8- VD ,*+9 -*+:+ 1% V /0 +0-0/-0: :-); 0+:/08 :- 7*/0 <**-0: ID : - :-).
2. P+: :- 8*) =-:--0 VD 07 ID.
3. R-)-: :- -?)-*/9-0: ,+* 7/,,-*-0: <- +, 8:- +:8-.
B3 TRANS/ER C"ARACTERISTICS:--) :- VDS +0:0: > 1% V 07 *-+*7 ID ,+* 7/,,-*-0: G#- <- +, VS
:*:/08 ,*+9 -*+. T=<:- :- *-<: 07 7* :- 8*).
STATIC C"ARACTERISTICS:
S.N+ VS % VS #1V VS #2VVDS G+: IDG9A VDS G+: IDG9A VDS G+: IDG9A
123456!"$1%11
%123456!"$1%
%45.$6.56.!6."6."6."6."6."6."
%123456!"$1%
%22.42.62.62.!2.!2."2."2.$2.$
%123456!"$1%
%%.4%.5%.6%.6%.6%.6%.!%.!%."%."
TRANS/ER C"ARACTERISTICS
S.N+ VDS 1% VDS 2VVS G+: IDG9A VS G+: IDG9A
123456
%12345
6."2.!%."%.4%.4%.4
%12345
5.32.2%.2%.1%.1%.1
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
!"$1%11
6!"$1%
%.4%.4%.4%.4%.4
6!"$1%
%.1%.1%.1%.1%.1
.ODEL 7RAP"S:
STATIC C"ARACTERISTICS TRANS/ER C"ARACTERISTICS
VS
CONCLUSIONS:
F*+9 :- 8*)/ *-)*--0::/+0 +, IDVS VDS - +=-*-7 :: VS /0*-/08ID 7-*-/08.F*+9 :- 8*)/ *-)*--0::/+0 +, IDVS VS - +=-*-7 :: : VS % ID /
9?/9<9. A VS / /0*-/08 ID 7-*-/08.
RESULT: F*+9 :-- <- +, =+- 8*) 7-:-*9/0-*7 ∆VDS ∆ID : +0:0: VS
G3#2 G6.5#5.$ 9A1.66Ω : +0:0: VS %
89 ∆ID ∆ VS : +0:0: VDS.
G2.!#%." 9A G2#1 1.$9 : +0:0: VDS 1%
A07 j' :- )*+7<: +, 89 07 * 7.
3.154
?UESTIONS:
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 54
VDS
I D
VGS
6 'V
VGS
6 -&V
VGS
6 -2V
VDS
6 8VV
DS6 2V
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
1. D-,/0- IDSS; VP; VS G+,, 89; * 7; 2. W: / =//08 +:8- ,+* 8:- :+ +<*- @<0:/+03. W: / :- /0)<: /9)-70- /, J<0:/+0 FET
E*%erient N!: H
CO..ON E.ITTER A.PLI/IER
AI.: 1. T+ 7-/80 +99+0 -9/::-* 9)/,/-* 07 +=:/0 /: +:8- 8/0;C<**-0: 8/0; I0)<: /9)-70- +<:)<: /9)-70-.
3. T+ )+: :- ,*-<-0> *-)+0- 07 :+ 7-:-*9/0- :- =07/7: +, :- 9)/,/-*.
APPARATUS:
1. P+-* <))> G%#3%V 1 N+.2. CRO 1 N+.3. D/8/: 9<:/9-:-* 1 N+.4. S/80 8-0-*:+* 1 N+.
CO.PONENTS:
1. R-/:+* 22%Ω 1N+.O:-* *-/:+* +, 7-/80-7 <-.
2. C)/:+* 1% F 2N+1%%F 1N+.3. T*0/:+* BC 54! 1N+.
T"EORY
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
T- CE 9)/,/-* / /08 +:8- 07 <**-0: 8/0 8*-:-* :0 <0/:>. T-<- +, /0)<: *-/:0- R/ 07 +<:)<: *-/:0- R+ /- =-:--0 :+- ,+* CB 07CC 9)/,/-*. T- CE 9)/,/-* /0 :/ =+*:+*> <- -, =//08 +* -9/::-* =//08+0,/8<*:/+0. T- )+-* <))> V; *-/:+* R1; R2; RC )*+/7- :- =//08. T--9/::-* *-/:+* RE / 9-0: ,+* :=//:/+0. T- +<)/08 )/:+* =+ :- DC+:8- =<: ,*--> )- :- /80 +:8-. I, :- /0)<: +<)/08 )/:+* C 1 /0+: <-7; :- 7 +* -*8- <- +, :- /80 +<*- 9> +,,-* :- =//08 +, :-9)/,/-*. T- +<:)<: /80 +:8- 9> =- ))/-7 :+ :- /0)<: +, 0+:-* 9)/,/-* /:+<: -,,-:/08 /: =/; =-<- +, :- =+/08 )/:+* C 2. T- -9/::-* *-/:+* RE )*+/7- :=//:/+0 ,++. I, I :-07 :+ /0*--. GL-: I CO */-0 7<- :+/0*-- /0 :-9)-*:<*-. T- <**-0: /0 RE / IE IC IB + /0*--. T-+:8- 7*+) *+ RE + /0*-- 07 :- 7*+) *- /0 :- 7/*-:/+0 :+ *--*-=/ :- -9/::-* @<0:/+0 + :: :- =- <**-0: / 7-*--7. F/0> :- +-:+* <**-0:; IC 7-*--. H-0- IC / /0*-- - :0 /: +<7 -; 7 :-*- =--00+ -, =//08 *-/:+* RE.
T- B>) )/:+* CE / 9/0> <-7 :+ )*--0: :- + +, 9)/,/:/+07<- :+ 0-8:/- ,--7= )*+/7-7 => :- RE. T/ =>) )/:+* / ,,-: :-+ ,*-<-0> *-)+0- +, :- 9)/,/-*.
CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:
DESI7NDesign &D-:-*9/0- :- <- +, RC; RE; R1; R2 ,+* :- 0-:+* ,+* :- +)-*:/08 )+/0:/07/:-7
VCC 12 V; IC\ 59A; VCE\ 6V VBE %.6V.VEN VCC 1%1.2VRE VEN IE VEN IC GIE ≈ IC 24%`RC VRC IC GVCC VCE\ # VEN IC $6% `VBN VBE VE 1."VR2 ≤ G1 1% × β × RE 5.!6 ` VBN GR2 GR1R2 × VCC
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 56
BC ;<
RC
R&
R'
RE
CE &==µ/
RS ''=F C& &=µ/
B
Signal7enerat!r
C' J &=µ/
B
CRODRB
V
CC J &'V
B -
B -
B
-
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
R1 3% `Alternate DesignV12; C++- +)-*:/08 )+/0: GI\ 59A; VCE\ 6R 1 C++- :=//:> ,:+* S12M-<*- β <- +, :- :*0/:+* </08 7/8/: 9<:/9-:-*C<:- IB ICβ R- GV# V-# IC RC GIB IS G1β e1 GR=R-g e1β GR=R-gC<:- R=R-; 07 :-0 <:- R=.VBN VBE IE R- ; VBE %.!V VBN IBR= G-*- V / :-/0-0 +:8- +0/7-*/08 V; R1; R2GVR= VR1; :-0 <:- R1C<:- IR1 GV # VBNR1C<:- IR2 IR1 IBR2 GVBN IR2
eR= R1R2 GR1R2;VVR2G R1R2 /0 :- :-/0-0 /*</:gP"YSICAL DESI7NV&2VCC = 5 C?
I JA C5?V Jv
5NV J V24&&'
V&2
&'
VCC ==
5 J Ω=== − 2<'&'@8
24&
I
V
I
V:
C
5N
5
en
Ω= 2<' 5
C
5NC5?CC
c
CC
I
VVV
I
V
−−==
J Ω=−−− 7'
&'@8
24&7&2:
Ω= 7' C
V4&24&>4'VVV 5B5BN =+=+=
52 @ @&'
& β≤
2<'@:''@&'
& 2 ≤
24> 2 ≤
24> 2 =
&2@
V
2&
2
BN +=
&2@ 24>
24>4&
& +=
& R J(G,'<
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
PROCEDURE:1. C+00-: :- /*</: /: +9)+0-0: <- <:-7.2. V-*/,> :- +#+*7/0:- +, +)-*:/08 )+/0: 07 0+:- 7+0 0> 7-/:/+0 ,*+9
:- 7-/80-7 <- GVCE\; IC\ 07 VBE.3. C+00-: :- /80 8-0-*:+* /: /0- - +, 1 H ,*-<-0> :+ :- /0)<:
07 /0*-- :- /0)<: :+ < -- :: :- +<:)<: -,+*9 +, :- /80 +=-*-7 +0 CRO / 0+: 7/:+*:-7.
4. M-<*- :- /0)<: 07 +<:)<: +:8- 07 <:- :- 8/0 +, :- 9)/,/-*. A GVOP VIP.
5. T+ 9-<*- :- /0)<: /9)-70-; ,/07 :- +:8- 7*+) *+ :- 0+0*-/:0- RS. T- /0)<: <**-0: :-*-,+*- / 9-<*-7 :- +:8- *+R R <-. I0)<: /9)-70- Z/ V/ I/
6. T+ 9-<*- :- /0)<: /9)-70-; 9-<*- :- +<:)<: /80 +:8- VOP
/:+<: 0> +7. C+00-: *-/:/- +7 07 :-0 7@<: :- +7 <0:/ :-0- +<:)<: /80 VOP -< :+ :- +0- , +, :- +*/8/0 /80. R-9+- :-ROUT ,*+9 :- /*</: 07 9-<*- /: <-. T- 9-<*-7 <- / :- +<:)<:/9)-70- +, :- /*</:.
!. T+ 9-<*- :- <**-0: 8/0 AI; 0+:- 7+0 :- +<:)<: /80 +:8- -0 R+/ +00-:-7 07 7//7- /: => R+ :+ 8-: :- +<:)<: <**-0:. N+ <**-0: 8/0 +<:)<: <**-0: /0)<: <**-0:. T- )+-* 8/0 / :- )*+7<: +, +:8- 8/007 <**-0: 8/0.
". V*> :- ,*-<-0> +, :- /0)<: /80 ,*+9 5%H :+ 1MH /0 </:=- :-)
07 <:- 8/0 : - :-). P+: :- 8*) =-:--0 8/0 /0 7B V,*-<-0>. N+:- 7+0 :- , )+-* )+/0: 07 ,/07 :- =07/7: +, :-9)/,/-*.
$. O=-*- :- )- *-:/+0 =-:--0 /0)<: 07 +<:)<: /80 : 7/,,-*-0:,*-<-0/-.
.ODEL 7RAP"S:
AV
M?37B )+/0:
B07/7:
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G a i n i n d B s
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
F*-<-0>TABULATION:F*-<-0> R-)+0-
S.N+F*-<-0> G H
I0)<:V+:8-
O<:)<:V+:8- GV
/0GV%V/ 2% × +81% GV%V/
1 5% 4%9V 1.2 3% 2$.542432 !% 4%9V 1.4 35 3%.""1363 1%% 4%9V 1.6 4% 32.%4124 2%% 4%9V 3." $5 3$.5544!5 3%% 4%9V 4.2 1%5 4%.423!$6 5%% 4%9V 4." 12% 41.5"362! !%% 4%9V 4." 12% 41.5"362" "%% 4%9V 4." 12% 41.5"362$ 1 4%9V 5 125 41.$3"2
1% 2 4%9V 5 125 41.$3"2
11 3 4%9V 5 125 41.$3"212 4 4%9V 5 125 41.$3"213 5 4%9V 5 125 41.$3"214 ! 4%9V 5 125 41.$3"215 " 4%9V 5 125 41.$3"216 1% 4%9V 5 125 41.$3"21! 2% 4%9V 5 125 41.$3"21" 3% 4%9V 5 125 41.$3"21$ 5% 4%9V 4." 12% 41.5"3622% !% 4%9V 4.6 115 41.213$621 "% 4%9V 4.5 112 4%.$"436
22 $% 4%9V 4.4 11% 4%."2!"523 1%% 4%9V 4.% 1%% 4%24 2%% 4%9V 3." $5 3$.5544!25 4%% 4%9V 3 !5 3!.5%12326 5%% 4%9V 2." !% 36.$%1$62! !%% 4%9V 2.2 55 34."%!252" 1M 4%9V 1.5 3! 31.364%3
RESULTS ANALYSIS:I0)<: /0<+/7 +:8- 4%9 I0)<: F*-<-0> 1 HO<:)<: +:8- 5V GS/0- W-O)-*:/08 P+/0: # GU07-* Z-*+ /80 +07/:/+0 V<48VC5? =
v784'VB5 =
,a:48B &
:248
VI
C
CC? ===
A,:-* ))>/08 :- /80;
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
V+:8- /0 :&'@&284',v<'
V8=
125GY1%%V+:8- *+ ,v;4& S =
A&;4;22',v;4&
VI
S
S
i µ===
IP R-/:0- 7&'@&;4;
,v<'
Ii
Vi−=
4"$%Ω OP R-/:0- 1111Ω
OP C<**-0: ,A842 &
V842
cetansise output
Volatageoutput==
7>4:'8&'@:'87>4'A&;4;
,A842
I
IA :
i
'I ==
µ==
B07/7: f h – f l = 25% H 3%%H. 24$.! H
CONCLUSIONS:F+*9 :- +=-*:/+0 :- +:8- 8/0 +=:/0-7 / 125. T- <**-0: 8/0 +=:/0-7 /3%5.6!. W/ / 9+: -< :+ ,- <- /.-.; 3%% T- /0)<: /9)-70- +=:/0-7/ 4."`. T- +<:)<: *-/:0- / 1.1` / / ))*+?/9:-> -< :+ R C. T-=07/7: +=:/0-7 ,*+9 :- ,*-<-0> )+: / 24$.! H.
?UESTIONS:
1. W> +<7 - <- CE 9)/,/-* /0 :- /0:-*9-7/:- :8- +, 9<:/:8-9)/,/-*
2. I0 :/- *-8/+0 :- :*0/:+* : <**-0: +0:*+-7 <**-0: +<*- 07+ :: /: 0 =- <-7 0 9)/,/-*. E?)/0
3. W> / )/:+* +<)/08 / <-7 :+ +00-: /80 +<*- :+ 09)/,/-*
4. W> 7+- :- 8/0 +, :- 9)/,/-* *> /: :- ,*-<-0>5. H+ :- CE 9)/,/-* 7+- )*+7<- 1"%% )- /,: =-:--0 +<:)<: 07
/0)<:
E?)-*/9-0: N%#1%COMMON COLLECTOR AMPLIFIERGEMITTER FOLLOWER
AIM T+ :<7> :- )-*,+*90- +, +99+0 +-:+* G-9/::-* 9)/,/-*. A07 +=:/0/: +:8- 8/0; <**-0: 8/0; /0)<: /9)-70-; +<:)<: /9)-70- 07 =07/7:.
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
APPARATUS:
1. P+-* <))> G%#3%V 1 N+.2. CRO 1 N+.3. D/8/: 9<:/9-:-*. 1 N+.4. S/80 8-0-*:+* 1 N+.
CO.PONENTS:
1. R-/:+* 22%Ω 1 N+.33Ω 1 N+.".2Ω; 1 N+.1%Ω 1 N+.
2. C)/:+* 1% F 2N+.
3. T*0/:+* BC 54! 1N+.
T"EORY
W-0 :- +<:)<: / :-0 ,*+9 :- -9/::-* :-*9/0 +, :- :*0/:+* +0/0 :- ,/8. T- 0-:+* / *-,-**-7 :+ C+99+0 +-:+* :*0/:+* 9)/,/-*. T/+0,/8<*:/+0 / + -7 -9/::-* ,++-*; =-<- /: +:8- 8/0 / +- :+ <0/:>;07 -0- 08- *+ :- +7 : :- -9/::-*. I0 +:-* +*7 :- -9/::-* ,++:- /0)<: /80.
I0 . 0>/ :- +-:+* / 8*+<07-7; +; :<> +99+0 +-:+*
+0,/8<*:/+0 :- /0)<: *-/:0- R I +, -9/::-* ,++-* / -*> /8 GH<07*-7 +, /++9 07 +<:)<: *-/:0- RO / -*> + G:-0 +, +9. H-0- :- +99+0+-:+* /*</: 0 =- <-7 =<,,-* :8- / )-*,+*9 :- ,<0:/+0 +, *-/:0- :*0,+*9:/+0.GF*+9 /8 :+ + *-/:0- +-* /7- *08- +, ,*-<-0/-; /: +:8- 8/0 +- :+ <0/:>. T- -9/::-* ,++-* /0*-- :-)+-* -- +, :- /80; /.-.; /: )*+/7- )+-* 8/0.
F+* :- +99+0 +-:+* 9)/,/-*; :- <**-0: 8/0 A I / /8 G))*+?/9:->-< :+ +99+0 -9/::-* :8- AV / - :0 <0/:> G=<: +- :+ <0/:>; R I / :-/8-: 07 RO / :- +-: +, :- :*-- GCE; CB & CC +0,/8<*:/+0. T/ /*</:/ /7-> ))/-7 =<,,-* :8- =-:--0 /8 /9)-70- +<*- 07 +/9)-70- +7.
T- -9/::-* ,++-* / ,*-<-0:> <-7 ,+* /9)-70- 9:/08 )<*)+- :--9/::-* ,++-* G7<- :+ /: + +<:)<: *-/:0- / +,:-0 <-7 :+ 7*/- )/:/-+7.
CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 61
?& BC ;<
(( F
G,' F&= F
C' &=µ/
RS ''=F C& &=µ/
ISignal 7enerat!r
I
CRO
Vcc J &'V
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
.ODEL 7RAP"S:
F*-<-0>
TABULATION:I0)<: V+:8- 4%9V
S.N+F*-<-0
> G HO<:)<:
V+:8- G9V/0GV%V/ 2% × +81% GV%V/
1 5% 32 %." #1.$42 "% 32 %." #1.$43 1%% 33 %."2 #1.6!4 2%% 34 %."5 #1.415 "%% 34 %."5 #1.416 1 34 %."5 #1.41! 2 34 %."5 #1.41" 5 34 %."5 #1.41
$ " 34 %."5 #1.411% 1% 34 %."5 #1.4111 2% 34 %."5 #1.4112 5% 33 %."2 #1.6!13 "% 32 %." #1.$414 1%% 32 %." #1.$415 2%% 32 %." #1.$4
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 63
G a i n i n d B
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
16 5%% 32 %." #1.$41! "%% 32 %." #1.$41" 1ME 32 %." #1.$4
CONCLUSIONS:T- +:8- 8/0 +=:/0-7 / %."5 / / 9+: -< :+ :- :-+*-:/ <-/ / <0/:>. T- =07/7: +=:/0-7 / 1 MH / / -*> /8.RESULTS:V+:8- 8/0 GAV %."5C<**-0: 8/0 GAI 514.!1I0)<: /9)-70- GZ/ !33.3`O<:)<: /9)-70- GZO !11`B07/7: 1MHT- ,*-<-0> *-)+0- +, C+99+0 C+-:+* A9)/,/-* / :<7/-7. ?UESTIONS:
1. W> :- +99+0 +-:+* 9)/,/-* / + -7 -9/::-* ,++-*2. W/ +, :- 9)/,/-* GCE; CB +* CC /8-: /0)<: *-/:0-
GRI3. H+ / :- /- +, :- =//08 *-/:+* R/ -,,-: :- /0)<: /9)-70- +,
E?)-*/9-0: N+ 11
/ET A.PLI/IER 1CO..ON SOURCE3
AI.: 1. T! 7-/80 FET +99+0 +<*- 9)/,/-* ,+* +:8- 8/0 +,2. T+ +=:/0 -?)-*/9-0:> :- +:8- 8/0 +, :- 9)/,/-*.
3. T+ +=:/0 :- ,*-<-0> *-)+0- *:-*/:/ +, :- 9)/,/-*
APPARATUS:1. P+-* <))> G%#3%V 1N+.2. CRO 1N+.3. D/8/: 9<:/9-:-*. 1 N+.4. S/80 8-0-*:+* 1 N+.
CO.PONENTS:
1. R-/:+* 4!Ω 1 N+.RS 07 RD )-* 7-/80
2. C)/:+* 1% F 3N+.
3. FET BFW 11 1N+.
CIRCUIT DIA7RA.
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 64
B/ &&
RD
RS
C( &=u/ R
7
C& &=u/
I
INPUT
V
DD &' V
C' &=u/
CRO
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
T"EORY: 6 A sall signal l!# $re0uenc- /ET +as a N!rt!nKs !ut%ut circuit #it+a de%endent current generat!r #+!se agnitude is %r!%!rti!nal t! gate t!s!urce v!ltage, T+e !ut%ut resistance is d, T+e in%ut resistance )et#een gateand s!urce is in$inite5 since it is assued t+at t+e reverse )iased gate ands!urce dra#s n! current,
/ET can )e used $!r anal-Ming t+e t+ree )asic /ETa%li$icati!n c!n$igurati!ns, 1i3 C!!n S!urce 1CS35 1ii3 C!!n drain 1CD351iii3C!!n gate 1C73 T+e CS a%li$ier %r!vides g!!d v!ltage a%li$icati!n,V!ltage 7ain:6 S!urce resist!r 1Rs3 is used t! set t+e ?6%!int )ut is %assed )-Cs $!r id $re0uenc- !%erati!n, /r! t+e sall signal e0uivalent circuit5 t+e!ut%ut v!ltage5
VO J 6RD RDr d µ Vgs where VGS=V I
"ence5 t+e v!ltage gain5 AVJVOVI J 6Rd RDr d
DESI7N:
Select V GSQ near the max. g m value say VP !" I #SS = $% m&" V P = '(V" )*s = ! µ S"
r d = $ )*s
I #Q = I #SS
2
&
−
!"#
V
V
V ## = I #+, #-, S - V #SQ
&t /0as 1*0nt gm = g m*
−
Vp
V !"#& =
−
!"#
$""
V
V
V
I &
2
&v = gm +, # rd " V GSQ = ' I #., S
PROCEDURE:
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 65
8/10/2019 EDC MAUALd
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- ,/8<*-.2. 0+:- :- +)-*:/08 )+/0: VDS\; VS\; ID\
3. S-: :- +<:)<: +, :- /80 8-0-*:+* @<: =-+ :- )+/0: +, 7/:+*:/+0; + :::- 9?/9<9 <07/:+*:-7 +<:)<: ))-* +0 :- CRO.
4. N+:- :/ /0)<: +:8- 07 --) /: +0:0: :*+<8 +<: :- -?)-*/9-0:.5. V*> :- /0)<: ,*-<-0> ,*+9 5%H :+ 1MH; 07 0+:- 7+0 :- +<:)<: /80
+:8- : --*> -::/08 +, ,*-<-0>.6. P+: :- ,*-<-0> *-)+0- ,+* :- 9)/,/-* 07 <:- :- =07/7:.
.ODEL 7RAP"S:
AV
M?37B )+/0:
B07/7:
F*-<-0>
TABULATION:S.N+ F*-<-0>
GHI0)<:V+:8-
iV
+mV
O<:)<:V+:8-
'V
GV
/0
i
V V
V A '=
/0 /0 D-/=-G7B
V A&'log2'×
W/: F--7=
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 66
123456!"$1%111213
1415
5%1%%2%%5%%1251%5%!%
1%%2%%5%%
!%%1MH
4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%
4%4%
%.2%.24%.26%.2"%.2"%.2"%.2"%.2"%.2"%.2"%.2"%.26%.22
%.16%.12
566.5!!!!!!!!
6.55.5
43
13.$"15.56316.251!.51!.51!.51!.51!.51!.51!.51!.516.2514."
12.%4$.54
G a i n i n
d B
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
CONCLUSIONS:
1. T- 7*/0 *-/:0- +, JFET G%.1 :+ 1 M`2. A )/:/- *-:0- 7-*-- /: /0*-/08 ,*-<-0>; :- *-<:0:
+<:)<: /9)-70- / =- +-* : /8-* ,*-<-0/- :-*- => *-7</08 :-
8/0RESULTS:
D-/80-7 V+:8- 8/0 "P*:/ V+:8- 8/0 !
T- F*-<-0> *-)+0- +, JFET 9)/,/-* / +=:/0-7. V+:8- 8/0 07 =07 /7:*- <:-7.
B07 W/7: 6$$.$! H.
?UESTIONS:
1. H+ 7+ >+< -?)/0 :- -78- )- +, :- 7-)-:/+0 *-8/+02. W: / :- 9-0/9 *-)+0/=- ,+* +0:0: *-/:0- +)-*:/+0 +, FET3. C+9)*- :- *:-*/:/ +, BJT 07 FET.4. I /: )+/=- :+ +)-*:- FET /: 8:- ,+**7 =/-7
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 67
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
E?)-*/9-0: N+ 12
RC PHASE SHIFT OSCILLATOR
AIM T+ 7-/80 07 :+ ,/07 :- ,*-<-0> +, :- RC )- /,: O/:+*.
T+ 9-<*- :- )- /,: : - :8-.
APPARATUS:
1. P+-* <))> G%#3%V 1 N+.2. CRO 1 N+.3. D/8/: 9<:/9-:-*. 1 N+.4. S/80 8-0-*:+* 1 N+.
CO.PONENTS:
1. R-/:+* A )-* 7-/80-7 <-2. C)/:+* A )-* 7-/80-7 <-1%%F 1 N+.
3. P+:-0:/+9-:-* 1Ω 1 N+.4. T*0/:+* BC 54! 1 N+.
T"EORY:
T- RC P- /,: O/:+* +0/: +, :*0/:+* 9)/,/-* 07 :*--7-7 G-*/- RC -:/+0. T- +<:)<: +, :- : RC +9=/0:/+0 =-/08*-:<*0-7 :+ :- =- +, :- :*0/:+*. I, :- +7/08 +, :- )- /,: 0-:+* +0 :-
9)/,/-* 0 =- 0-8-:-7. T- 9)/,/-* /0:*+7<- 1"% % P- /,: :+ :- +:8-/ ))-* +0 :- =-. T- T*-- RC -:/+0 / 8/- 77/:/+0 )- /,:;: +9- ,*-<-0> :- )- /,: /0:*+7<-7 => :- RC 0-:+* / =- -< :+1"%%; : :/ ,*-<-0> :- :+: )- /,: ,*+9 :- =- *+<07 :- /*</: 07= :+ :- =- / =- -?:> -*+. T/ )*:/<* ,*-<-0> / =- :- +0- :/ :- /*</: / +/:-; )*+/7-7 :- 980/:<7- +, 9)/,/:/+0 / <,,//-0:>*8-. T- ,*-<-0> +, +/:/+0 / 8/-0 =>
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 68
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
F G1 2πRC × 1 √G6 4. W-*- RC R.
T- *-</*-9-0: / :: :- 980/:<7- +, Aβ 9<: -?--7 <0/:>. I0 +*7-* ,+* +/:/+0 :+ :*:; :- /*</: 0--7 :- +07/:/+0
FE Y 423 G2$
T- )- /,: +/:+* / )*:/<*> </:-7 :+ :- *08- +, <7/+,*-<-0/-. A: ,*-<-0/- /0 :- *08- +, 9-8 -*:; 0+ 9*-7 70:8-+-* /*</: -9)+>/08 :<0-7 LC 0-:+*. T- ,*-<-0> +, +/:/+0 0 =-*/-7 => 08/08 0> +0- +, :- /9)-70- --9-0: GR +* C /0 :- )-/,:/08 0-:+*.
CIRCUIT DIA7RA.
DESI7N:
2.! R R; ,/07 +<: :- <- +, R.
% Rf &
<72
&
' += π
F/07 +<: :- <- +, C ,+* :- ,*-<-0> +, 1 H.
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 69
?& BC ;<
RCR&
R' RE
C
R
VCC J &'V
CE &==u/
C
R
C
& POT
A B C D
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
PROCEDURE:
1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- ,/8<*-.2. F/*: - :- 9)/,/-* -:/+0 G/.-.; ,/07 +<: :- +)-*:/08 )+/0:3. A7@<: :- )+:-0:/+9-:-* < :: +/:/+0 *- <:/0-7. M+0/:+* :-
+<:)<: -,+*9 </08 CRO.4. M-<*- :- +:8- : - RC -:/+0.5. M-<*- :- )- /,: /0:*+7<-7 => - -:/+0 ,+*9/08 L/@+<
,/8<*-. U- :- /0- - : *-,-*-0- +:8-.6. M-<*- :- -,+*9 ,*-<-0> 07 +9)*- /: /: :-+*-:/ <-.
OBSERVATIONSD-/80-7 T-+*-:/ F*-<-0> 1 HP*:/ W-,+*9 F*-<-0> "%%HP- S/,: *+ N+7- A 07 B 6!.3"P- S/,: *+ N+7- B 07 C 64.15P- S/,: *+ N+7- C 07 D 45.5$
O-* A P- S/,: GP*:/ 1!!T-+*-:/ P- S/,: 1"% T-+*-:/ F*-<-0> F+*9< 12lRCm6C!nclusi!ns:
W- +=-*-7 ,*+9 :- -,+*9 :: :-+*-:/ 07 )*:/ ,*-<-0/- *-
))*+?/9:-> -< 07 + +=-*-7 :: RC )- /,: +/:+* 8-0-*:-<7/+ ,*-<-0/- G2%H :+ 2% H.
RESULT: 6 T- T-+*-:/ 07 P*:/ O<:)<: F*-<-0/- +=:/0-7.
?UESTIONS:
1. H+ :- B*<-0 C*/:-*/ / :/,/-7 /0 :- RC )-#/,: +/:+*2. H+ 7+ >+< *> :- ,*-<-0> +, :- RC )-#/,: +/:+*3. W: / :- 9?/9<9 )-#/,: :: 0 =- +=:/0-7 => /08- RC
-:/+0
4. U07-* : +07/:/+0 :- 9)/,/-* =-- 0 +/:+*5. W: / :- ,*-<-0> *08- :: 0 =- +=:/0-7 => :- RC )- /,:
+/:+*
E*%erient N!: &(
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 70
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
EIN BRID7E OSCILLATOR
AIM T+ 7-/80 W-/0 B*/78- +/:+* 07 :<7> /: )-*,+*90-.
APPARATUS:1. P+-* <))> G7< 00-G%#3%V 1 N+.2. CRO 1 N+.3. D/8/: 9<:/9-:-*. 1 N+.
CO.PONENTS:
1. R-/:+* 4!Ω 2 N+.1%Ω 1 N+.P+:-0:/+9-:-* +, 5Ω 1 N+.
2. C)/:+* %.%1µF 2 N+.3. O)-*:/+0 9)/,/-* LM !41 1 N+.
T"EORY:
A0 +/:+*; /0 / =0-7 =*/78- / <-7 :- ,--7= 0-:+* /0+0 W/-0 =*/78- +/:+*; / +0 =-+.
T- :/- --9-0: / 0 +)-*:/+0 9)/,/-* / -*> *8- )+/:/-+:8- 8/0; I, :- =*/78- =0- / 7-/*-7; /0 +*7-* :+ 8-: +/:/+0; :-0 R 107R2 9<: =- +-0 + :: ; /% G R4 GR3 R4 13 +* R3 2 R4.
T- ,*-<-0> +, +/:/+0 G, % 12πRC / )*-/-> :- 0< ,*-<-0> +, :-=0-7 =*/78- +0:/0<+< */:/+0 +, ,*-<-0> / +9)/-7 => *>/08/9<:0-+<> :- :+ )/:+*
CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 71
-
+
VCC
&V
6 VEE
&V
'
(
<
;
R&
R' R
;
R(
C&
C'
Out%ut
/ig &H,& EIN BRID7E OSCILLATOR
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
PROCEDURE:
1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- ,/8<*- =-+.2. I0 )- +, )/:+* +00-: DCB.3. I0 )- +, R4 +00-: )+:-0:/+9-:-*.4. C+00-: CRO : :- +<:)<: :-*9/0.5. V*> :- )+:-0:/+9-:-* <0:/ :- +/:/+0 *- <:/0-7.6. F/07 :- ,*-<-0> +, +/:/+0; 07 -*/,> :- +=-*-7 +<:)<: /:
:-+*-:/ <-.!. *-)-: :- =+- :-) 5 07 6 ,+* */+< <- +, C
O)servati!ns
S.N+ V<- +, C V<- +, R
f %:-+*-:/
f %)*:/
12
%.%1F%.1F
4!`4!`
33".6H33."6H
3%%.3H
3%H
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
THEORETICAL FRE\UENC( FORMULA # 12lRC
CONCLUSIONS:
R J ;< ` 07 C %.%1F
D-/80-7 T-+*-:/ F*-<-0> 33".6 HP*:/ F*-<-0> 3%%.3H
T/ 9-0 :: :-+*-:/ 07 )*:/ ,*-<-0/- *- ))*+?/9:-> -<. W-+ +=-*-7 :: WEIN BRIDE OSCILLATOR 8-0-*:- <7/+ ,*-<-0/-G2%H :+ 2% H
RESULT: 6 B+: T-+*-:/ 07 P*:/ O<:)<: F*-<-0/- *- C<:-7.
T-+*-:/ F*-<-0> P*:/ F*-<-0> ?UESTIONS:
1. H+ :- B*<-0 */:-*/+0 / :/,/-7 /0 :- W/-0 B*/78- +/:+*2. W: 7-:-*9/0- :- ,*-<-0> +, +/:/+03. H+ 7+ >+< *> :- ,*-<-0> +, +/:/+04. W: / :- ,*-<-0> *08- +, +/:/+0
E*%erient N!: &;
VOLTA7E SERIES /EEDBAC A.PLI/IER
AI.: T+ 7-/80 +:8- -*/- ,--7= 9)/,/-*. A07 +=:/0 /: +:8- 8/0;<**-0: 8/0; /0)<: /9)-70-; +<:)<: /9)-70- 07 =07/7:,
APPARATUS:
1. P+-* <))> %#3%V 1 N+.2. CRO 1 N+.3. D/8/: 9<:/9-:-*. 1 N+.4. S/80 8-0-*:+* 1 N+.
CO.PONENTS:
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
1. R-/:+* 22%Ω 1 N+.33Ω 1 N+.".2Ω 1 N+.1%Ω 1 N+.
2. C)/:+* 1% F 3N+.3. T*0/:+* BC 54! 1N+.
T"EORY:
T- FET +99+0 7*/0 9)/,/-* G+<*- ,++-* 07 :- BJT +99+0+-:+* 9)/,/-* G-9/::-* ,++-* *- :- -?9)- +, +:8- -*/- :+)++8>.
V+:8- -*/- ,--7= 9)/,/-* /9)*+- :- *:-*/:/ +, +:8-9)/,/-*. /.-.; I0)<: *-/:0- /0*-- 07 +<:)<: *-/:0- 7-*--.
R/, RI G1A β R+, R+ G1A β
A, A G1A β FLF FL G1A β FHF FH G1A β
I0 :/ -?)-*/9-0:; :- 0-8:/- ,--7= / /0:*+7<-7 => +00-:/08 :--9/::-* *-/:+* /0 :- -9/::-* -7. T- ,--7= /80 / :- +:8- *+ -9/::-* *-/:+*; / / /0 -*/- /: :- /0)<: +:8- 07 :- +<:)<: / :- +:8-; :< /:/ :- +:8- -*/- ,--7= 9)/,/-*.
CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:
PROCEDURE:
1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- ,/8<*-2. T- +)-*:/08 )+/0: VCE\; IE\ 07 VBE *- 9-<*-7.
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 74
?& BC;<
R& ((F
R' G,'F R
E &=F
C' &=µ
RS ''=F
C& &=µ/
I
Signal7enerat!r
I
CRO
VCC &'V
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
3. C+00-: :- /80 8-0-*:+* /: /0- - +, 1 H ,*-<-0> :+ :- /0)<:07 /0*-- :- /0)<: :+ < -- :: :- +<:)<: -,+*9 +, :- /80 +=-*-7 +0 CRO / 0+: 7/:+*:-7.
4. M-<*- :- /0)<: 07 +<:)<: +:8- 07 <:- :- 8/0 +, :- 9)/,/-*. A GVOP VIP.
5. T+ 9-<*- :- /0)<: /9)-70-; ,/07 :- +:8- 7*+) *+ :- 0+0*-/:0- RS. T- /0)<: <**-0: :-*-,+*- / 9-<*-7 :- +:8- *+R R <-. I0)<: /9)-70- Z/ V/ I/
6. T+ 9-<*- :- /0)<: /9)-70-; 9-<*- :- +<:)<: /80 +:8- VOP
/:+<: 0> +7. C+00-: *-/:/- +7 07 :-0 7@<: :- +7 <0:/ :-0- +<:)<: /80 VOP -< :+ :- +0- , +, :- +*/8/0 /80. R-9+- :-ROUT ,*+9 :- /*</: 07 9-<*- /: <-. T- 9-<*-7 <- / :- +<:)<:/9)-70- +, :- /*</:.
!. T+ 9-<*- :- <**-0: 8/0 AI; 0+:- 7+0 :- +<:)<: /80 +:8- -0 R+/ +00-:-7 07 7//7- /: => R+ :+ 8-: :- +<:)<: <**-0:. N+ <**-0: 8/0 +<:)<: <**-0: /0)<: <**-0:. T- )+-* 8/0 / :- )*+7<: +, +:8- 8/007 <**-0: 8/0.
". V*> :- ,*-<-0> +, :- /0)<: /80 ,*+9 5%H :+ 1MH /0 </:=- :-)07 <:- 8/0 : - :-). P+: :- 8*) =-:--0 +:8- 8/0 V,*-<-0>. N+:- 7+0 :- , )+-* )+/0: 07 ,/07 :- =07/7: +, :-9)/,/-*.
$. R-)-: :- =+- :-) => +00-:/08 G7/+00-:/08 :- -9/::-* =>))/:+* CE. T- *-7/08 /: CE 8/- :- *-)+0- +, :- 9)/,/-* /:+<:+<: ,--7=. T- *-7/08 /:+<: :- CE 8/- :- )-*,+*90- +, :-9)/,/-* /0 <**-0: -*/- ,--7= 9+7-.
W/:+<: ,--7= # 37B /0-.ODEL 7RAP"S
#37B /0-
W/: ,--7=
F*-<-0>TABULATION:
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 75
G
a i n i n d B
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
S.N+ F*-<-0>GH
I0)<:V+:8-
iV
+mV
O<:)<:V+:8-
'V
GV
/0
i
V V
V A '=
/0 /0 D-/=-G7B
V A&'log2'×
W/: F--7=
OBSERVATIONS:
I0)<: +:8- V/0 4%9VO<:)<: +:8- V% 369VV+:8- 8/0 GAV V% V/0 %.$
I0)<: <**-0: I/ VRRS 5.1AI0)<: /9)-70- GZ/ VIN I/ !."`O<:)<: /9)-70- GZO 13%`O<:)<: <**-0: I% VR%R% %.4513% 13".4AC<**-0: 8/0 GAI I% I/ 13"5.1 2!.%5=07/7:. -*> *8-
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 76
123456!"$1%11
12131415
5%1%%2%%5%%1251%5%!%
1%%
2%%5%%!%%1MH
4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%
4%4%4%4%
%.36%.36%.36%.36%.36%.36%.36%.36%.36%.36%.36
%.36%.36%.36%.36
%.$%.$%.$%.$%.$%.$%.$%.$%.$%.$%.$
%.$%.$%.$%.$
#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15
#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15
8/10/2019 EDC MAUALd
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
C!nclusi!ns:
F*+9 :- +=-*:/+0 :- +=-*:/+0 => +9)*/08 /: :- CE 9)/,/-*;/0 +:8- -*/- ,--7= 9)/,/-* /0)<: /9)-70- /0*--; +<:)<:/9)-70- 7-*-- 7<- :+ 0-8:/- ,--7= 07 +:8- 8/0 / - :0
<0/:>. RESULT: # T- F*-<-0> *-)+0- +, +:8- -*/- ,--7= 9)/,/-*
/ +=:/0-7.
B07 /7: GW/: F--7 =
B07 /7: GW/:+<: F--7 =
E*%erient N!: &
CURRENT SERIES /EEDBAC A.PLI/IER
AI. T+ 7-/80 <**-0: -*/- ,--7= 9)/,/-* 07 +=:/0 :- +:8- /0; <**-0: 8/0; /0)<: /9)-70-; +<:)<: /9)-70- 07
B07/7: +, :- 9)/,/-* /: 07 /:+<: ,--7=.
APPARATUS:
1. P+-* <))> G%#3%V 1 N+.2. CRO 1 N+.3. D/8/: 9<:/9-:-*. 1 N+.4. S/80 8-0-*:+* 1 N+.
CO.PONENTS:
1. R-/:+* 22%Ω 1N+.
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 77
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
O:-* *-/:+* +, 7-/80-7 <-2. C)/:+* 1% F 2N+.
1%%F 1N+.3. T*0/:+* BC 54! 1N+.
T"EORY:
T- +99+0 -9/::-* :*0/:+* 9)/,/-* /: *-/:0- /0 :- -9/::-* 07FET +99+0 +<*- 9)/,/-* /: *-/:+* /0 :- +<*- -7 *- -?9)- +, <**-0: -*/- :+)++8>. A <**-0: -*/- ,--7= 9)/,/-* /9)*+- :-*:-*/:/ +, :*0+07<:0- 9)/,/-*; :: / =+: /0)<: *-/:0- 07+<:)<: *-/:0- *- /0*--7. T/ :+)++8> :=//- :- T*0 +07<:0- 89.
I0 <**-0: -*/- ,--7= 9)/,/-*; +0 /0 ,/8<*-; :- ,--7= /80 /:- +:8- V, *+ -9/::-* *-/:+* 07 9)-7 /80 / :- +7 <**-0: :*+<8:- +-:+* *-/:+*. H-0- :/ / :- - +, <**-0:#-*/- ,--7=. T+ *-9+-:- ,--7= :- -9/::-* *-/:+* 9<: =- *-9+-7 +* =>)-7 => )/:+*
CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:
DESI7N:D-:-*9/0- :- <- +, RC; RE; R1; R2 ,+* :- 0-:+* ,+* :- +)-*:/08 )+/0:
/07/:-7VCC 12 V; IC\ 59A; VCE\ 6V VBE %.6V.VEN VCC 1%1.2VRE VEN IE VEN IC GIE ≈ IC 24%`RC VRC IC GVCC VCE\ # VEN IC $6% `VBN VBE VE 1."VR2 ≤ G1 1% × β × RE 5.!6 `
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 78
?& BC ;<
RC
R&
R'
RE
CE &==µ/
RS ''=F
C& &=
µ
/
ISignal7enerat!r ;=V&"M
C' J &=µ/
I
CRODRB
V
CC J &'V
8/10/2019 EDC MAUALd
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
VBN GR2 GR1R2 × VCC R1 3% `
PROCEDURE:
&, C+00-: :- /*</: /: +9)+0-0: <- <:-7.', V-*/,> :- +#+*7/0:- +, +)-*:/08 )+/0: 07 0+:- 7+0 0> 7-/:/+0 ,*+9
:- 7-/80-7 <- GVCE\; IC\ 07 VBE.(, C+00-: :- /80 8-0-*:+* /: /0- - +, 1H ,*-<-0> :+ :- /0)<:
07 /0*-- :- /0)<: :+ < -- :: :- +<:)<: -,+*9 +, :- /80 +=-*-7 +0 CRO / 0+: 7/:+*:-7.
;, M-<*- :- /0)<: 07 +<:)<: +:8- 07 <:- :- 8/0 +, :- 9)/,/-*. A GVOP VIP .
, T+ 9-<*- :- /0)<: /9)-70-; ,/07 :- +:8- 7*+) *+ :- 0+0*-/:0- RS. T- /0)<: <**-0: :-*-,+*- / 9-<*-7 :- +:8- *+R R <-. I0)<: /9)-70- Z/ V/ I/
, T+ 9-<*- :- /0)<: /9)-70-; 9-<*- :- +<:)<: /80 +:8- VOP
/:+<: 0> +7. C+00-: *-/:/- +7 07 :-0 7@<: :- +7 <0:/ :-0- +<:)<: /80 VOP -< :+ :- +0- , +, :- +*/8/0 /80. R-9+- :-ROUT ,*+9 :- /*</: 07 9-<*- /: <-. T- 9-<*-7 <- / :- +<:)<:/9)-70- +, :- /*</:.
<, T+ 9-<*- :- <**-0: 8/0 AI; 0+:- 7+0 :- +<:)<: /80 +:8- -0 R+/ +00-:-7 07 7//7- /: => R+ :+ 8-: :- +<:)<: <**-0:. N+ <**-0: 8/0 +<:)<: <**-0: /0)<: <**-0:. T- )+-* 8/0 / :- )*+7<: +, +:8- 8/007 <**-0: 8/0.
G, V*> :- ,*-<-0> +, :- /0)<: /80 ,*+9 5%H :+ 1MH /0 </:=- :-)07 <:- 8/0 : - :-). P+: :- 8*) =-:--0 +:8- 8/0 V,*-<-0>. N+:- 7+0 :- , )+-* )+/0: 07 ,/07 :- =07/7: +, :-9)/,/-*.
H, O=-*- :- )- *-:/+0 =-:--0 /0)<: 07 +<:)<: /80 : 7/,,-*-0:,*-<-0/-.
&=,R-)-: :- =+- :-) => +00-:/08 G7/+00-:/08 :- -9/::-* =>))/:+* CE. T- *-7/08 /: CE 8/- :- *-)+0- +, :- 9)/,/-* /:+<:+<: ,--7=. T- *-7/08 /:+<: :- CE 8/- :- )-*,+*90- +, :-9)/,/-* /0 <**-0: -*/- ,--7= 9+7-.
.ODEL 7RAP"S
W/:+<: ,--7= # 37B /0-#
37B /0-
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
W/: ,--7=
F*-<-0>
TABULATION:
S.N+ F*-<-0>GH
I0)<:V+:8-
iV
+mV
O<:)<:V+:8-
'V
GV
/0
i
V
V
V A '=
/0 /0 D-/=-G7B
V A&'log2'×
W/: F--7=
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 80
123456!"$1%1112131415
5%1%%2%%5%%1251%5%!%
1%%2%%5%%!%%1MH
4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%
%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$4
2424242424242424242424242424
23.5
2!.62!.62!.62!.62!.62!.62!.62!.62!.62!.62!.62!.62!.62!.62!.42
G a i n i n d B
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
OBSERVATIONS:
I0)<: +:8- V/0 4%9VO<:)<: +:8- V% %.$6VV+:8- 8/0 GAV V% V/0 24I0)<: <**-0: I/ VRRS 6.42AI0)<: /9)-70- GZ/ V/0 I/ 6.22`O<:)<: /9)-70- GZO !%%`O<:)<: <**-0: I% VR%R% %.4"!%% %.6"9AC<**-0: 8/0 GAI I% I/ 1%6.!P+-* 8/0 AVhAI 256%.!B07/7: -*> *8-
CONCLUSION:
F*+9 :- +=-*:/+0 :- +=-*:/+0 => +9)*/08 /: :- CE 9)/,/-*; /0 <**-0:-*/- ,--7= 9)/,/-* /0)<: /9)-70- /0*-- 07 +:8- 8/0 7---7<- :+ 0-8:/- ,--7=.
?UESTIONS:1. W: / 9-0: => F--7=2. D/:/08</ =-:--0 0-8:/- 07 )+/:/- ,--7=.3. D/:/08</ =-:--0 <**-0: 07 +:8- ,--7=.4. D/< :- -,,-: +, 0-8:/- ,--7= +0 1 8/0 2 I0)<: /9)-70-3
+<:)<: /9)-70- 4 7/:+*:/+0.5. D/< :- -,,-: +, -8:/- ,--7= +0 18/0 2 I0)<: /9)-70-3 +<:)<:
/9)-70- 4 7/:+*:/+0.
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 81
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
E*%erient N!:6&
COLPITTS OSCILLATOR
AI.: T+ 7-/80 C+)/:: +/:+* 07 :<7> /: )-*,+*90-.
APPARATUS:1. P+-* <))> G%#3%V 1 N+.2. CRO 1 N+.3. D/8/: 9<:/9-:-*. 1 N+.
CO.PONENTS:1. R-/:+* R-/:+* )-* 7-/80-7 <-2. C)/:+* C1 07 C2 *- )-* 7-/80-7 <-
1%µF 2 N+.1%%F 1 N+.
3. I07<:+* )-* 7-/80-7 <-.4. T*0/:+* BC 54! 1 N+.
COLPITTS OSCILLATOR
T- RC )- /,: 07 -/0 =*/78- +/:+* *- RC :<0=- +/:+*. T:I; :- ,*-<-0> : +/:+* / 7-:-*9/0-7 => :- *-/:0- 07 )/:0- <-<-7. T-- +/:+* *- )*:/<*> </:-7 :+ +0- *08- +, ,*-<-0/- ,*+9--* H-*: :+ --* <07*-7 /+-*: 07 + /0<7- :- *08- +, <7/+,*-<-0/-. A: ,*-<-0/- /0 :- M-8-*: *08-; :-- - 0+ 70:8- +-* /*</: -9)+>/08 :<0-7 LC 0-:+*.
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
T<0-7 LC +/:+* *- <-7 /0 90> ))/:/+0; /0<7/08 *7/+:*09/::-*; AM 07 FM *--/-*; 07 /0<+/7 ,<0:/+0 8-0-*:+*. O0- )+)<* LC +/:+* +0,/8<*:/+0; +0 /0 ,/8; / -7 :- COLPITTS +/:+*. T-*-+00: +9=/0:/+0 +, C1; C2 07 L / -7 :- :0 /*</:. T- +/:/+0,*-<-0/- 08-7 / :- 7@<:=- /07<:+* L.
CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:
Design
L 19HC C1 /0 -*/- /: C2; ,/07 +<: CH,- β Y C2 C1 F/07 +<: C1 07 C2
F/07 +<: :- <- +, ,*-<-0> ,+* 7/,,-*-0: <- +, L <- => </08 :- ,+*9<
, + L& π 2
&
PROCEDURE:
1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- ,/8<*-.2. T- +<:)<: +/:/+0 *- :+ =- +=-*-7 => CRO.3. V*> :- <- +, C1 ,+* <:/0-7 +/:/+0 07 +9)*- :-- <- /:
:-+*-:/ <-.4. N+ *> :- L 07 0+:- 7+0 :- ,*-<-0> +, +/:/+0 07 +9)*-
:-9 /: :-+*-:/ +0-.
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 83
?& BC ;<
RC
R&
R' R
E
CC' J &=u/
VCC
&'V
CC& &=u/
C&
C'
L
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
S.N+ V<- +, C1 V<- +, C2 V<- +, L f O :-+*/:/ f O )*:/12
4%)F4%)F
%.%1µF%.%1µF
29H39H
5!5.%5H46$.52H
416.6H35!H
OBSERV ATIONS:
C1 4%P, C2 %.%1µF L 29H
D-/80-7 T-+*-:/ F*-<-0> 5!5.%5 H
P*:/ F*-<-0> 416.6 H
F+*9<# L& π 2
&
C!nclusi!ns:
T/ 9-0 :: :-+*-:/ 07 )*:/ ,*-<-0/- *- ))*+?/9:-> -<. W-+ +=-*-7 :: COLPITTS OSCILLATOR 8-0-*:- *7/+ ,*-<-0/-
RESULT # B+: :-+*-:/ 07 P*:/ ,*-<-0/- +, C+)/:: O/:+* *-+=:/0-7 ,+* 8/-0 -: +, )/:+*.
?UESTIONS:1. H+ :- B*<-0 */:-*/+0 / :/,/-7 /0 C+)/:: +/:+*2. W: / :- ,--7= 0-:+* /0 :- +/:+*
3. W: / :- ,*-<-0> *08- :: 0 =- +=:/0-7 => :- C+)/:: +/:+*4. W: *- ))/:/+0 +, LC :<0-7 +/:+*
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 84
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
E*%erient N!: &<
"ARTLEY OSCILLATOR
AI.: T+ 7-/80 H*:-> +/:+* 07 :<7> /: )-*,+*90-.
APPARATUS:
1. P+-* <))> G%#3%V 1 N+.2. CRO 1 N+.3. D/8/: 9<:/9-:-*. 1 N+.4. B*-7 B+*7 1 N+.
CO.PONENTS:
1. R-/:+* R-/:+* )-* 7-/80-7 <-2. C)/:+* C )-* 7-/80-7 <-
1%µF 2 N+.
1%%F 1 N+.3. I07<:+* L1 07 L2 *- )-* 7-/80-7 <-.4. T*0/:+* BC 54! 1 N+.
T"EORY:T- H*:-> +/:+* <- :- LC 0-:+* ,--7= 0-:+*. T/
H*:-> +/:+* / ,+*9-7 => 08/08 :- )/:+* /0 :- C+)/:: :0 /*</: :+/07<:+* 07 => 08/08 :- :<0=- /07<:+* :+ 0 7@<:=- )/:+*. B+: :-C+)/:: 07 H*:-> +/:+* +0,/8<*:/+0 *-</*- 0 9)/,/-* /: /0-*:/08 G 1"%%
)- /,: 8/0 /0 +*7-* :+ <:/0 +/:/+0.
CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:
PROCEDURE:1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- ,/8<*-.2. T- +<:)<: +/:/+0 *- :+ =- +=-*-7 => CRO.
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 85
?& BC ;<
RC
R&
R' R
E
C' J &=u
VCC
&'V
C& &=u/
L&
L'
C
CE &==u/
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
3. V*> :- <- +, C ,+* <:/0-7 +/:/+0 07 +9)*- :-- <- /::-+*-:/ <-.
4. N+ *> :- L1 AND L2 07 0+:- 7+0 :- ,*-<-0> +, +/:/+0 07+9)*- :-9 /: :-+*-:/ +0-.
O)servati!ns:
S.N+ V<- +, L1 V<- +, L2 V<- +, C f O :-+*/:/ f O )*:/
D-/80-7 T-+*-:/ F*-<-0> P*:/ F*-<-0>
CONCLUSION:
C+0</+0 0 =- 97- +0 :-+*-:/ ,*-<-0> 07 )*:/ ,*-<-0> +, +/:+*.
RESULT: # B+: :-+*-:/ 07 P*:/ O<:)<: F*-<-0/- +, H*:-> O/:+* *- <:-7 ,+* 8/-0 -: +, I07<:+*.
?UESTIONS:1. H+ :- B*<-0 */:-*/+0 / :/,/-7 /0 :- H*:-> +/:+*2. W: / :- ,--7= 0-:+* /0 :- H*:-> +/:+*3. W: / :- ,*-<-0> *08- :: 0 =- +=:/0-7 => H*:-> +/:+*4. W: / :- ,*-<-0> :=//:> */:-*/+0 ,+* :- /0<+/7 +/:+*
E*%erient N!: &G
SIN7LE STA7E RC COUPLED A.PLI/IER
AI.: 1. T+ 7-/80 /08- :8- RC +<)-7 9)/,/-* 07 +=:/0 /: +:8- /0; <**-0: /0; I0)<: /9)-70- 07 )+-* 8/0.
2. T+ )+: :- ,*-<-0> *-)+0- 07 :+ 7-:-*9/0- :- =07/7: +, :- A9)/,/-*.
APPARATUS:
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 86
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
1. P+-* <))> G%#3%V 1 N+.2. CRO 1 N+.3. D/8/: 9<:/9-:-*. 1 N+.4. S/80 8-0-*:+* 1 N+.
CO.PONENTS:
1. R-/:+* 22%Ω 1N+.O:-* *-/:+* +, 7-/80-7 <-.
2. C)/:+* 1% F 2N+1%%F 1N+.
3. T*0/:+* BC 54! 1N+.T"EORY :
T- +<:)<: +, +0- :8- / +<)-7 :+ :- /0)<: +, :- 0-?: :8- / B+/08 )/:+*; / / <-7 :+ =+ :- DC +9)+0-0: +, :- +<:e)<:+:8- : +<:)<: :-*9/0 ,*+9 *-/08 :- /0)<: +, 0-?: :8-. T- -9/::-* *-/:+* RE 07 *-/:+* R1 07 R2 *- <-7 :+ )*--0: :- + +, 9)/,/:/+07<- :+ 0-8:/- ,--7=
CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:
DESI7ND-:-*9/0- :- <- +, RC; RE; R1; R2 ,+* :- 0-:+* ,+* :- +)-*:/08 )+/0:/07/:-7VCC 12 V; IC\ 59A; VCE\ 6V VBE %.6V.VEN VCC 1%1.2VRE VEN IE VEN IC GIE ≈ IC 24%`RC VRC IC GVCC VCE\ # VEN IC $6% `VBN VBE VE 1."VR2 ≤ G1 1% × β × RE 5.!6 ` VBN GR2 GR1R2 × VCC R1 3% `
PROCEDURE:
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 87
BC ;<
RC
R&
R'
RE
CE &==µ/
RS ''=F C& &=µ/
B
Signal7enerat!r
C' J &=µ/
B
CRO R
L
V
CC J &'V
B -
B -
B
-
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
1. C+00-: :- /*</: /: +9)+0-0: <- <:-7.2. V-*/,> :- +#+*7/0:- +, +)-*:/08 )+/0: 07 0+:- 7+0 0> 7-/:/+0 ,*+9
:- 7-/80-7 <- GVCE\; IC\ 07 VBE.3. C+00-: :- /80 8-0-*:+* /: /0- - +, 1 H ,*-<-0> :+ :- /0)<:
07 /0*-- :- /0)<: :+ < -- :: :- +<:)<: -,+*9 +, :- /80 +=-*-7 +0 CRO / 0+: 7/:+*:-7.
4. F/07 +<: :- +<:)<: /9)-70- +, :- /*</: 07 +00-: +7 *-/:+* GRL+, :: <-. T/ RL : :- 9:-7 +7.
5. M-<*- :- /0)<: 07 +<:)<: +:8- 07 <:- :- 8/0 +, :- 9)/,/-*. A GVOP VIP.
6. T+ 9-<*- :- /0)<: /9)-70-; ,/07 :- +:8- 7*+) *+ :- 0+0*-/:0- RS. T- /0)<: <**-0: :-*-,+*- / 9-<*-7 :- +:8- *+R R <-. I0)<: /9)-70- Z/ V/ I/
!. T+ 9-<*- :- <**-0: 8/0 AI; 0+:- 7+0 :- +<:)<: /80 +:8- -0 R+/ +00-:-7 07 7//7- /: => R+ :+ 8-: :- +<:)<: <**-0:. N+ <**-0: 8/0 +<:)<: <**-0: /0)<: <**-0:. T- )+-* 8/0 / :- )*+7<: +, +:8- 8/007 <**-0: 8/0.
". V*> :- ,*-<-0> +, :- /0)<: /80 ,*+9 5%H :+ 1MH /0 </:=- :-)07 <:- 8/0 : - :-). P+: :- 8*) =-:--0 8/0 /0 7B V,*-<-0>. N+:- 7+0 :- , )+-* )+/0: 07 ,/07 :- =07/7: +, :-9)/,/-*.
$. O=-*- :- )- *-:/+0 =-:--0 /0)<: 07 +<:)<: /80 : 7/,,-*-0:,*-<-0/-.
.ODEL 7RAP"S:
AV
M?37B )+/0:
B07/7:
F*-<-0>
TABULATION:
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G a i n i n d B s
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
S.N+ F*-<-0>GH
I0)<:V+:8-
iV
+mV
O<:)<:V+:8-
'V
GV
/0
i
V V
V A '=
/0 /0 D-/=-G7B
V A&'log2'×
W/: F--7=
OBSERVATIONS:I0)<: +:8- V/0 4%9VO<:)<: +:8- V% 2.6VV+:8- 8/0 GAV V% V/0 65I0)<: <**-0: I/ VRRS 1!."AI0)<: /9)-70- GZ/ VIN I/ 2.24`O<:)<: /9)-70- GZO 5%%`O<:)<: <**-0: I% VR%R% 1.35%% 2.69A
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 89
123456!"$1%11
12131415
5%1%%2%%5%%1251%5%!%
1%%
2%%5%%!%%1MH
4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%
4%4%4%4%
1.21."2
2.42.62.62.62.62.62.62.6
2.621."1.6
3%455%6%65656565656565
655%454%
2$.5433.%633.$!35.5"36.2536.2536.2536.2536.2536.2536.25
36.2533.$!33.%632.%4
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
C<**-0: 8/0 GAI I% I/ 146B07/7:. 6$$.$ H
C!nclusi!ns:C+0</+0 0 =- 97- +0 :-+*-:/ 07 )*:/ <- AV; AI; Z / Z+ +, CC9)/,/-*.
RESULT # T- F*-<-0> *-)+0- +, /08- :8- RC C+<)-7 A9)/,/-* /+=:/0-7. V+:8- 8/0 07 B07/7: *- +=:/0-7.
?UESTIONS:1. W: / :- -,,-: +, :*0/:+* @<0:/+0 )/:0- +0 ,*-<-0> *-)+0-
+, 0 9)/,/-*2. W: *- :- ,<0:/+0 +, =>) )/:+* 07 =+/08 )/:+*
Experiment No: 19
SCR C"ARACTERISTICS
AI.: T+ 7* :- ,+**7 07 *--*- *:-*/:/ +, SCR.
APPARATUS:
1. P+-* <))> G7< 00- %#3%V 1 N+.2. V+:9-:-* %#3%V 2 N+3. A99-:-* %#1%9A 1 N+
%#1%%9A 1 N+
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CO.PONENTS:
1. R-/:+* G1Ω #2 N+.2. SCR T(N 64
T"EORY:T- :*<:<*- +, //+0 +0:*+-7 *-:/,/-* GSCR +0/: +, ,+<* :-*0:- )
07 0 :>)- >-*. T- 09- jS//+0 C+0:*+-7 R-:/,/-*' /07/:- :: :- SCR / *-:/,/-* +0:*<:-7 +, //+0 9:-*/ /: :/*7 :-*9/0 ,+* +0:*+ )<*)+-. T/:/*7 :-*9/0 /0 :- SCR; -7 8:-; 7-:-*9/0- -0 :- *-:/,/-* /:- ,*+9:- +)-0 /*</: :+ +*: /*</: ::-. T- 8*)/ >9=+ ,+* SCR / +0 =-+.
T+e v!lt6a%ere c+aracteristicsT- +:9)-*- *:-*/:/ +, 0 SCR / +0 ,+* */+< 8:- <**-0:.
W- 0 +=-*- ,*+9 :- *:-*/:/ :: :- ,/*/08 +:8- / 7-*-/08 /:/0*-/08 8:- <**-0:. I0 ,: :- α /0*-- /: /0*-/08 8:- <**-0:; :<:- =*- +-* G,/*/08 +:8- 7-*--.
T- 0+7- <**-0: ,:-* =*-7+0 9> =- *8-* => ,:+* +, 1%%% :0 :-<**-0: =-,+*- =*-7+0. W-0 :- 8:- <**-0: / -*> *8-; =*- +-* 9>+<* : + +:8-; :- *:-*/:/ :- ))-*0- +, /9)- )#0 7/+7-.
/!r#ard )rea9 !ver v!ltage 1VBO35 / :: +:8- =+- / :- SCR -0:-* :-+07<:/+0 *-8/+0 G+0 ::-."!lding current1I"3 5 / :: <- +, <**-0: =-+ / :- SCR /:- ,*+9:- +07<:/+0 ::- :+ :- ,+**7 =+/08 *-8/+0G +,, ::-."!lding v!ltage 1V"35 / :: +:8- *-</*-7 :+ :<*0 +,, :- SCR.
SCR / <-7 /0 *-> +0:*+; 9+:+* +0:*+; )- +0:*+; -:-* +0:*+; =::-*>*8-*; /0-*:-*; *-8<:-7 )+-* <))/- 07 ::/ /:-.CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 91
V"
Gate
Cat%odeAnode
IA
IG1
+ -
TYN =;
& A+
=6&==A
V
+
=6(=VV& A+
=6&=A
=6(=V
1-
-
-
+
-
Cat"o! GatA#o!
Si$ico# Co#tro$$! Rcti%ir T&N '0(
T&N '0(
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PROCEDURE:/!r#ard c+aracteristics:
1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 =-+.2. --) :- 8:- +:8- :+ Z-*+ 07 /0*-- :- /0)<: +:8- ,*+9 -*+ :+
15; 0+: 7+0 :- +**-)+07/08 99-:-* *-7/08 I A 07 V A
3. S-: :- 8:- +:8- :+ 1%V 07 /0*-- :- 0+7- +:8- ,*+9 % :+ >15V+:; 07 +=-*- :: : )*:/<* 0+7- +:8- :- 0+7- <**-0:
++:#+,,; *-<:/08 :- 0+7- +:8- , :+*7 -*+ GSCR ,/*/08.4. I, /: 7+- 0+: ))-0-7; *-)-: :- =+- :-) :/ >+< +=-*- :- ,/*/08.5. N+:- 7+0 :- <- +, I : / :- F/*/08 ))-0.6. N+ /8:> /0*-- G7-*-- => %.1V +, 8:- +:8- 07 0+:- 7+0
:- <- +, IA ,+* 7/,,-*-0: <- +, VA ::/08 ,*+9 -*+ :+ V BO 07=->+07.
!. P+: :- 8*) V A VS I A ,+* 7/,,-*-0: <- +, I.Reverse C+aracteristics:
1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- ,/8<*-.2. I0*-- :- 0+7- +:8- V1 ,*+9 -*+ :+ 2%V /0 :-) +, 1V.3. N+:- 7+0 :- 0+7- <**-0: I A ,+* --*> :-) +, V A.4. P+: :- 8*) V A VS I A
.ODEL 7RAP"/!r#ard c+aracteristics
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 92
SCR /ORARD C"ARACTERISCTICS
TYN =;
&
A+
=6==uA
V
+
=6(=VV&
-
-
+
-
SCR REVERSE C"ARACTERISCTICS
V
IA
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Tra#)i)tor BC *(+ , BC **+
&, C!llect!r ', Base (, Eitter
Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
F*+9 :- ,+**7 8*) - +=-*-7 :: 8:- <**-0: /0*-- :- =*- +-* +:8- 7-*-- /.-. SCR / =- +07<:/08 : --* <))> +:8- 8:-<**-0: /0*--.F*+9 :- *--*- 8*) - +=-*-7 :: SCR /0 :- *--*- =/; +07<:/08 -*>- <**-0:.
Lead C!n$igurati!n
LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 94
Source
DrainGate &
Gate 2
JFET BFW-
5,itter
Base &
Base -2
U#i-J.#ctio# Tra#)i)tor /N/'('
Anode Cat%ode
Dio! N (00+ , 1#r Dio!
OP-A2P 32 +(
.!!set Null
INV I/P
Non- INV-I/P
-V55
NC
+VCC
.utput
.!!set Null
&
2
:
<
;
>
7
8Cat%ode GateAnode
Si$ico# Co#tro$$! Rcti%ir
T&N '0(
T&N '0(
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
E*%erient N!: '=
STUDY O/ CAT"ODE RAY OSCILLOSCOPE
AI.: 1, T+ :<7> :- :+7-#*> +/++)- +)-*:/+0.2. T+ 9-<*- T/9-)-*/+7; F*-<-0>; V+:8-; P- +,
7/,,-*-0: -,+*9 </08 CRO. 3. M-<*-9-0: +, P- 07 F*-<-0> </08 /@+< ,/8<*-.
APPARATUS:
1. C:+7- *> O/++)- 1 N+. 2. F<0:/+0 -0-*:+*. 1 N+.
T"EORY:6
Cat+!de Ra- Oscill!sc!%e.
T- C:+7- R> O/++)- GCRO / 0 /0:*<9-0: / )*+/7- /<)*--0::/+0 +, 0> -,+*9 ))/-7 :+ /: /0)<: :-*9/0; /- :- 9//9-:-* )*+/7- 0<9-*/ /0,+*9:/+0 =+<: ))/-7 /80. T- CRO + :- :<,+*9 +, :- -,+*9 :+ =- 7/)>-7.
T- :+7- *> :<=- GCRT / :- -*: +, :- CRO; )*+/7/08 /< 7/)>+, 0 /0)<: /80 -,+*9.
T- CRT +0:/0 ,+<* =/ )*:.1. A0 --:*+0 8<0 :+ )*+7<- :*-9 +, --:*+0.2. F+</08 07 --*:/08 --9-0: :+ )*+/7- - 7-,/0-7 =-9 O, --:*+03. H+*/+0: 07 -*:/ 7-,-:/+0 ):- :+ +0:*+ :- ): +, :-
--:*+0 =-9. 4. A0 -<:-7 8 -0-+) /: )+)+*--0: *--0 / 8+ //=> -0 :*< => :- --:*+0 =-9.
5. T- +:8- :+ =- 9-<*-7 / ))/-7 :+ :- -*:/ 7-,-:/+0 ):- -*- :- +0:/0<+< --) +:8- / ))/-7 :+ :- +*/+0: 7-,-:/+0 ):-.
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
.easureent using cali)rated CRO:T- +/++)- :<=- ,- =--0 /=*:-7 :+ +9)<:- :- 9)/:<7- 07
:/9- 9-<*-9-0:.A%litude easureent:
T- 9)/:<7- +, :- +:8- 0 =- 9-<*-7 => </08 :- -#-::/08 +, :- +)- G+:7/ 0+=. 07 :- /80 9-<*-7 +,, :- ,- +, :- +)-.
T- )-#:+#)- 9)/:<7- N+. 7///+0 =-:--0 )- :+ )- +, :-/80 × +:7///+0 0+= 9<:/)/:/+0 ,:+*.Tie easureent:
T- +*/+0: - +, :- +)- 0 =- <-7 :+ 9-<*- :- :/9- +, :-))/-7 /80. T- :/9- )-*/+7 +, :- )-*/+7/ /80 N+. +, 7///+0 7<*/08 +0->- × :/9-7///+0 0+= 9<:/)/:/+0 ,:+*./re0uenc- easureent:
T- 9-<*-9-0: +, :- *-)-:/:/- -,+*9#)-*/+7 0 =- <-7 :+ <:-
:- /80 ,*-<-0>. S/0- :- ,*-<-0> / :- *-/)*+ +, :- :/9- )-*/+7. ,1T.easureent !$ %+ase and $re0uenc- 1Lissa2!us Patterns3T- )::-*0 :: ))-* +0 :- *--0 +, CRT; -0 /0<+/7 +:8-
*- /9<:0-+<> ))/-7 :+ +*/+0: 07 -*:/ ):- *- 0+0 L/@+<,/8<*-. W-0 :+ /0<+/7 +:8- +, -< ,*-<-0> / *- /0 )- /:- +:-* *- :- +*/+0: 07 -*:/ 7-,-:/+0 ):-; :- )::-*0 ))-*/08 +0:- *--0 / :*/8: /0- / -* ,*+9 ,/8 =-+.
->
1 1
: G%;2;4 θ
% 2 4 3 3
G+:8- ))/-7 :+ >#):-; ,*-<-0> , % -?
1
2
3 GV+:8- ))/-7 :+X#):-; ,*-<-0> ,
:
F/8 1.2 LISSAJOUS PATTERNS
W-0 :+ -< +:8- +, -< ,*-<-0> =<: /: $% % +* 2!%% )- /,:7/)-9-0: *- ))/-7 :+ CRO; :- :*- +0 :- CRO / /*-. A0 -/)- /,+*9-7 /, :- :+ +:8- *- 0+: -< 07 +* +<: +, )-.
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
W-0 :+ -< +:8- +, -< ,*-<-0> =<: /: )- /,: φG0+:-< :+ %% +* $%% *- ))/-7 :+ CRO; - +=:/0 0 -/)- *-8*7- +, :- :+9)/:<7- +, :- ))/-7 +:8-; :- -/)- )*+/7- /9)- 9-0 +, ,/07/08)- 7/,,-*-0- φ =-:--0 :+ +:8-.
φ /0#1
>1 >2 /0#1
?1 ?2.
( M@+* A?/.
>1 >2
X ?1
?2
F/8 1.3 PHASE SHIFT MEASUREMENT (
M@+* ?/
(2 (1
X X1
X2
F/8 1.4 PHASE SHIFT MEASUREMENT
I, :- 9@+* ?/ +, :- -/)- /- /0 :- ,/*: 07 :/*7 <7*0: /0 ,/81; :- )- 08- / -/:-* =-:--0 %% 07 $%% +* 2!%% 07 36%%. W-0 :- 9@+* ?/ +, :- -/)- /- /0 -+07 07 ,+<*: <7*0: /0 F/8 2; :- )- 08- /-/:-* =-:--0 $%% 07 1"%% +* =-:--0 1"%% 07 2!%%.
T=<* F+*9#
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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab
S,NO ave$!r A%litude Tie %eri!d /re0uenc-
1. S/0- W-,+*92. T*/08<* W-,+*93. S<*- W-,+*9
RESULT:61. T/9- )-*/+7; F*-<-0>; V+:8-; P- +,
7/,,-*-0: -,+*9 *- 9-<*-7 </08 CRO. 2. P- 07 F*-<-0> *- 9-<*-7 </08 L/@+< ,/8<*-.