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Mobile Television
Chirag Unadkat
Communications Convergence: Wireless Communication inToday¶s Age
Indian Merchants¶ Chamber
March 07, 2008
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Convergence Meeting or converging of different
technologies
Computing, telecommunications, media /
entertainment
Computing, telecommunications, finance /
banking
Computing, telecommunications, ???
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Computing Brings interactivity to convergence
Contributes file formats, protocols, software
(such as media players)
Allows for easy manipulation (such ascopying, back-up, editing, renaming)
Facilitates different types of usages ± intermittent, low or high quality, normal or high speed, etc.
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Telecommunications Tele Distance
Communications Transfer of data / signals
In convergence, telecommunications help
bridge the distance between the service
provide and the end-users
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Media / Entertainment Content
Films, television, music, news, chat or
discussions, etc.
Various physical forms ± print / text, voice,
images / graphics, video, simulations
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Convergence
Use of telecommunication to deliver media
/ entertainment content to end-users for use
with computing technologies
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Mobile Television A prime example of convergence
Use of telecommunications to deliver
television (media / entertainment) to a
mobile phone using computing technologies
and providing computer-like features such
as interactivity, selection, etc.
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The Mobile Television Route
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The Mobile Television Route
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The Mobile Television Route
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The Mobile Television Route
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The Mobile Television Route
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The Mobile Television Route
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The Mobile Television Route
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Different Ways of Getting
Television on your Mobile
Using GPRS / 3G (Unicast / Multicast)
Using broadcast technologies
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Bandwidth Requirements for
Mobile TV
Depends upon
± Screen size / resolution
± Color depth
± Frame Rate
± Compression
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Screen Size
Most commercial phones would be in the CIF ± VGArange
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Practical Mobile TV Screen size of around CIF ± a little more
than 100,000 pixels per frame
Color depth of 24 bits per pixel
Frame rate of around 24 fps
Total bandwidth without compression =
100,000 pixels X 24 bits per pixel X 24
frames per second = 57.6 Mbps
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Compression Compression depends upon desired quality,
type of images and compression technique
Static shots are better compressed than
action shots
H.264 can give a compression as high as 40
± 70
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Bottom Line Required bandwidth = 57.6 Mbps without
compression
Compression in the region of 50
Actual bandwidth needed = 57.6 / 50 =
1.152 Mbps. Say, around 1.2 Mbps
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GPRS Also often referred to as 2.5G
Bandwidth ranges from 56 kbps to 114 kbs
Not adequate for professional quality
entertainment content like television (needs
at least 1.2 Mbps)
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3G High bandwidth data transfer techniques for
mobile phones
Current 3G BTS offers bandwidth of 2.5 Mbps Since each TV subscriber would need 1.2 Mbps, a
single 3G BTS would be able to service 2 TVcustomers
No subscriber will be able to use the BTS for anything else during this time ± no phone calls.
Network Busy!
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The Opportunity Cost Each voice call is between 8 and 16 kbps. World-wide,
mobile calls are generally at 12.2 kbps
At around 12 kbps per call, a single BTS can handle morethan 200 simultaneous calls
At an average of Re. 1 / minute of calling, each BTS hasthe potential of earning a revenue of Rs. 200 per minute
If 2 subscribers watch TV using this BTS, then the telco
loses almost Rs. 200 per minute by way of call revenues If telco tries to recover this from the TV viewers, each
viewer will have to pay Rs. 100 per minute of TV viewing
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Using unicast techniques like
GPRS / 3G are therefore notfeasible for a mobile TV
application
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Broadcast Broadcast means that one set of signals is
transmitted out
Outbound bandwidth is consumed onlyonce
Signals are in such a format that anyone can
receive Radio and broadcast television use this
technique
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Broadcast to Mobiles Current GSM / GPRS / 3G technologies are
built for one-to-one communications and
not for many-to-one communications suchas broadcast
Different technologies have to evolve to
broadcast to mobile phones
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Problems with Broadcast to Mobiles
Reception at high speeds
Antenna size
Power requirements
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Solutions Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcast (T-
DMB)
Integrated Services Digital Broadcast ± Handhelds(ISDB-H)
Chinese Multimedia Broadcast (CMMB)
Media Forward Link Only (MediaFLO) Digital Video Broadcast ± Handhelds (DVB-H)
««..
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How They All Work Transmitters on tall towers
Broadcast of signals
Special mobile phones enabled for mobile TV Switch phone to TV mode and select the channel
to view from amongst available channels
Take a call in the middle of a TV program
Broadcasting does not use the BTS at all.Transmitters are similar to the terrestrialtransmitters used by Doordarshan. BTS bandwidthis irrelevant
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How They Differ Type of signals
Bandwidth in MHz per channel
Bandwidth in Mbps per channel
Distance from transmitters
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Technical Comparison
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DVB-H Market Share
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The Indian Scene DVB-H is expected to be largely through
terrestrial transmissions
Currently, only Doordarshan can transmitterrestrially in India
Doordarshan has started DVB-H trials in
Delhi Results of the trial will determinecommercial launch by Doordarshan
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Before That Who is the regulator? The Communications
regulator or the broadcast regulator?
Who are the service providers? Telcos or
broadcast companies?
How will terrestrial spectrum be allocated?
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The Way Forward Release terrestrial broadcast spectrum ± stopping
one DD channel can facilitate as many as 20 ± 30
channels of mobile television Choose service providers in a transparent manner
Let the service provider choose the technology
Let there be multiple service providers and,
hopefully, multiple technologies initially
May the best man win!
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What The Indian Consumers Want
Survey conducted across 10 cities of India
448 respondents
Respondents expected to watch 75 minutes of mobile TV per day ± as much TV as they watchright now.
Respondents willing to pay a as much for mobile
TV as they pay for cable. The actual cost toservice providers is around Re. 1 per month per channel!
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Expected Consumption Pattern in
India
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Content Preference
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Willingness to Buy TV Capable
Instruments
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In most countries, mobile TV is
expected to be broadcaster lead,
with telecommunicationcompanies playing a supporting
role.
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The Role of Telecom Companies Can provide billing support
Return channel for interactivity and value
addition Precise data on viewing patterns and
consumer preferences
Logistic support ± instrument and servicesupport, changes in subscription parameters,etc.
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Conclusions Mobile TV broadcasts are feasible ± technologies
exist and have been successful in other parts of theworld
Indian consumers are willing to invest(instruments) and spend (subscriptions) for mobileTV
Indian consumers expect to see a lot of mobile TV There is a market for varied content in the mobile
TV market
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Thank you
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