What is matter?
Any substance that has mass and takes up space.
Brian Pop Video http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/00786004
72/164155/00044682.html
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States of Matter
The Four States of Matter
Four StatesSolidLiquidGasPlasma
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States of Matter
The Four States of Matter
Basis of Classification of the Four Types
particle arrangementenergy of particlesdistance between particles
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States of Matter
SolidsParticles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Particles move slowly.
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States of Matter
LiquidsParticles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another. Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Take shape of container. Ex. Juice in glassParticles move more quickly.
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States of Matter
GasesParticles of gases are very far apart and move freely. Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Particles move very fast.
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States of Matter
Plasma
A plasma is an ionized gas.
A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. Plasma, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Give off energy.
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States of Matter
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Solids
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volumebecause the particles are locked into place
Solids are not easily compressible because there is little free space between particles
Solids do not flow easily because the particles cannot move/slide past one another
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States of Matter
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Liquids
Liquids have an indefinite shape because the particles can slide past one another.
Liquids are not easily compressible and have a definite volume because there is little free space between particles.
Liquids flow easily because the particles can move/slide past one another.
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Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Gases
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume because the particles can move past one another.
Gases are easily compressible because there is a great deal of free space between particles.
Gases flow very easily because the particles randomly move past one another.
States of Matter
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States of Matter
The Four States of MatterThe Classification and Properties of Matter
Depend Upon Microscopic Structure
Particle arrangementParticle energyParticle to particle distance
Phase Changes
When one phase changes to another. Particles must change their kinetic
energy, how fast they are moving. You can do this by adding or taking
away heat.
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Phase Changes
solid liquid = melting liquid solid = freezing liquid gas = evaporation gas liquid = condensation solid gas = sublimation
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Kinetic Theory of Matter
The atoms and molecules that make up matter are in constant motion, and that motion changes as the temperature changes.
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Temperature
During a phase change the temperature of a substance stays the same.
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Physical Properties of Matter
Any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance.
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Examples of Physical Properties
Viscosity-resistance to flow Conductivity-ability to allow heat to flow Malleability-ability of solid to be hammared
without shattering Hardness-scratch test Melting and boiling points-temp. from solid to
liquid Density-ratio of mass to volume
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Video showing difference between physical and chemical properties.
http://youtu.be/6WjBM-ZgysQ
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Separate Mixtures
Filtration-process that separates materials based on the size of particles
Distillation-process that separates the substances in a solution based on boiling points.
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Chemical Changes
When substances react with each other and form one or more new substances.– Tree leaves change color– Wood burning– Baking a cake
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Chemical Properties
Flammability-ability to burn in presence of oxygen
Reactivity-how readily a substance combines with other substances.
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Evidence of Chemical Change
Change in color Production of gas Formation of a precipitate-any solid that
forms and separates from a liquid mixture.– Cottage cheese
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