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Biodiesel Presentation - MED/MMCD Fall 2006
Seminar & Annual General Meeting
Presented by Ken FryerCity of Coquitlam
November 24, 2006
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Key Biodiesel Questions
What is biodiesel? Whats it made from?
What does it look, feel and smell like?
Benefits from using biodiesel?
Who is using it now, who makes it,where can you buy it?
How do you use it, which engines, fuelmanagement, operational issues, coldweather issues, warranties, etc
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Biodiesel Not A New Fuel
1895
Rudolf Diesel designed the "diesel-cycle" engine
First fuel?
Biodiesel - Peanut oil
Supplanted by Petro-diesel Due to availability, distribution, consistent quality, pricing
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Biodiesel Why Now?
Three Powerful Reasons Emission Reductions
$ Pricing
Diversity/Security of Supply
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Biodiesel Why Now?
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#1 Emission Reductions
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#2 Price Competitive
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Price,cpl
Canola Oil Animal Fat Diesel Fuel
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#3 Supply Deficit
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1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
GAP
Source: Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 19, DOE/ORNL-6958, September 1999, and EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2000, DOE/EIA-
0383(2000), December 1999
MillionsofBarrels
p
erDay
Domestic Oil Production
Heavy Trucks
Automobiles
Light Trucks
1990 2000 2010 2020
325 384 455 507
Highway Carbon Emissions(million metric tons)
PassengerVehicles
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What is Biodiesel?
Biodiesel:
An low-emissions, high lubricating alternative diesel fuelproduced from renewable sources,
Non-toxic, Biodegradable Can be combined at any level with petroleum diesel to fuel
diesel engines.
Biodiesel is not:
Raw or refined vegetable oils, or recycled greases that havenot undergone chemical processing.
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Biodiesel Feedstocks
Vegetable oils Soy, canola
Other oils
Palm, coconut, fish Animal fats
beef tallow, sheep tallow, pork lard, poultry fats
Recycled waste grease yellow grease (used cooking oil)
trap greases
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BiodieselManufacturing
Triglyceride:
Fat or Oil
molecule
Biodiesel
molecules
Glycerin molecule
10% Oxygen by Wt.
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Biodiesel Users Canada
Toronto Hydro City of Brampton Kingston Transit City of Victoria BC Transit (Victoria)
City of Calgary Saskatoon Transit Ont. Private Fleets BC Lower Mainland Municipalities BC Lower Mainland Private Fleets- Van Port Authority, Rempel Concrete
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BC Tax Information
"The biodiesel portion of a blend of biodiesel and diesel
is exempt from tax if the biodiesel portion
is not less than 5% or more than 50% of the volume of
the blendSource: Government of British Columbia, Ministry of Provincial Revenue
IN BC LOWER MAINLAND, THE MOTOR FUEL TAX
IS 21 CENTS/LITRE
http://www.rev.gov.bc.ca/ctb/publications/bulletins/sst_085.pdfhttp://www.rev.gov.bc.ca/ctb/publications/bulletins/sst_085.pdf7/30/2019 Biodiesel Kenfryer
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BC Distribution
Distribution Available now at 2 retail stations (Burnaby), (Delta)
Vancouver racks for regional distribution
BC Municipal Buying Group (BCPPBG)
Delivery Options B100 delivered Bulk and Tote (1000L)
B5 - B50 blends delivered (pre-blended)
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Where to Buy
Suppliers in BC
4 Refuel (Mini-Tankers) Canada Ltd.
Agri-Green Biodiesel Inc.
Canadian Bioenergy Corporation Cascadia Biofuels Inc.
Ecofuels Canada Inc.
ProQuip Onsite Refuelling Ltd.
Recycling Alternatives
West Coast Biodiesel Inc.
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Biodiesel Before you Buy
Quality Control
Supplier must deliver ASTM D6751 Standard fuel
Quality control (BQ9000) Producer/Distributor
Supplier/Distributor to provide: Guarantee in writing that fuel meets ASTM
Certificate of Analysis for each batch delivered
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BC Biodiesel Pilot Project
BC Municipalities Group Pilot Project (2004)
Richmond, North Van, Vancouver, Delta, Whistler, Burnaby
6 Municipalities used a B20 blend (12,000 L B100)
Used in a number of conventional diesel engines Cat, Cummins, Detroit, Kubota, Ford, International, GM,
Peugeot, John Deere, New Holland
Blended and distributed the biodiesel on site
Conducted extensive emission testing Funding FCM, GVRD and individual Cities.
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BC Municipalities Pilot
Project Goals
Would biodiesel really work in BC environment?
Confirm EPA reductions in real life operations
Use a variety of equipment types & applications
Share information and results
First hand knowledge of how it would function
Educate staff
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Methodology & Results
Talked to other users
Worked with fuel suppliers & reviewed delivery methods
Tested emissions & performance (Westport Innovations/Finning)
Pilot was very successful
BC Municipal pooled purchasing group hasoption to purchase of up to 2 million Lof B100 delivered as blended fuel
Largest single biodiesel supply contractin Canada
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Project Learnings - Overall
VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS: None
PERFORMANCE: Minimal impact on torque, power and fueleconomy
LUBRICITY: Increased lubricity can improve vehicle life IGNITION: Higher Cetane values improves ignition quality
NOISE: Vehicle runs more quietly
EXHAUST: Tailpipe emissions are cleaner and smell better
SEALS & GASKETS: May need upgrade if >B20 &
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Warranties
B5 is acceptable to all engine and fuel
injector OEMs
OEM Warranty Statements at
www.BCBiofleet.ca
B20 has not triggered warranty issues
Engine Manufacturers Association- B20
Talk to experienced users
http://www.bcbiofleet.ca/http://www.bcbiofleet.ca/7/30/2019 Biodiesel Kenfryer
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Winter Operations
Treat as a fuel (WHMIS, safety, etc)
Cleaning / solvent effect (filters, tanks, hoses)
Storage - Moisture - the enemy Desiccant filters on tank vents
Long Term Storage - 9 months max, or use biocides with monthly examination
Biodiesel blending must becarefully managed at cold temps
Fuel Handling
Tank Preparation
Properly cleaned, tested and vents are capped.
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Biodiesel improves lubricity Should increase service life of sensitive injection pump models
Blends of B20 or greater not recommended for 1994 and older injection pumpsdue to deterioration of natural rubber components
Pumps
Fuel Filters- Use OEM recommended filters with correct micron rating
- Change at OEM recommended intervals after initial cleanout period- Only use pre-filtered fuel in vehicles- More frequent changes recommended in first 100 hours ofoperation
Hoses
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Purchasing
Purchasing Considerations
Establish purchase criteria/educate staff
Further education (understand cost/benefits)
Determine/manage logistics (transport,
blending)
Term and products (B5 B20 ?)
Agreed upon price change mechanism (eg.indexing)
Cost neutral target: biodiesel + ULS diesel
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Biodiesel Action Plan
Be Clear - What do you want to achieve? Environmental benefits
GHG emissions reduction
Public image
Select Biodiesel Blend - B2, B5, B20? All or some part of your fleet? Timeline?
Assess Suppliers Will current fuel supplier provide a biodiesel blend? Get BC
Biodiesel suppliers list.- BQ9000 certified.
Assess Costs Per Litre, fuel economy, other capital investments.
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Biodiesel Action Plan
Confirm Technical Specs Ensure biodiesel meets ASTM D6751 Standard
Obtain biodiesel supplier fuel quality guarantees
Cross-check engine warranty issues
Plan Fleet Use Are any vehicles using a biodiesel blend travelling to areas
where cold temperatures will be a factor?
Refuelling outside biodiesel supply area
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Biodiesel Action Plan
Decide on Operational Issues Where will biodiesel be stored? (B5 treat just like diesel;
other blends depend on CP of biodiesel and diesel)
How will biodiesel be blended with diesel? Temperatures?
Preparation of tanks and vehicles? Filter replacement scheduling?
Staff training and education?
Monitor Use Performance and maintenance
Review Overall Program Change or expand biodiesel program as needed
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Biodiesel Calculator
Purpose Calculate emissions reductions from usingbiodiesel for a particular vehicle
Simple to use
Developed in consultation with fleet managers,emissions specialists, industry
Available at www.bcbiofleet.ca
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Green Fleet Accreditation
Fleet Rating System to assist progressive fleets thatwant to increase fuel efficiency, reduce emissions,implement Green Standards, incorporate new
technologies and use alternative fuels
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THANK YOU FOR YOURTIME.
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