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kfs`em) teif9teif kfsujhfc slslarfgo jl mfhfk kfs`em hfgtfs scfhft.
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RF! klg`fwfi sfhfkgf hfhu Ef ilrjftf# Jlkifhehfc mfg scfhfthfc sljfhe
hfoe) jfrlgf lgojfu ilhuk scfhft. Jlkumefg hfje9hfje etu scfhft hfoe) sltlhfc
6 Eskfeh u'f$"e (9>66). Kamlh mfg Kltaml ^lkilhf`frfg Kamlrg# Ruftu ^lgofgtfr .
^fhlk#fgo ]ugfs lkehfgo $lss. hk. 93.
65 !$kfe !$el+ (9>>9). ^lgofgtfr Ehku mfg Kltamahaoe ^lgmemejfg Eshfk. f'f$tf =eutft
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Ililrfpf Kltaml Jagvlgseagfh mfhfk ^lkilhf`frfg ^FE
]lare mfg Fphejfse .
slhlsfe ef mftfgo puhf klgocfmfp ,fie RF! slrff klkilre sfhfk. ,fie
RF! ilrsfimf< jlkifhehfc mfg scfhfthfc sljfhe hfoe) jfrlgf lgojfu ilhuk
scfhft. %Cfh etu sfkpfe teof jfhe&. Jlkumefg hfje9hfje etu ilrjftf# /$lke Fhhfc) sff temfj pfgmfe klgolr`fjfg
scfhft slhfeg mfrepfmf etu) slifi etu f`frjfghfc fju6. ,fie RF! ilrjftf#
/Fpfiehf lgojfu ilrmere clgmfj klgolr`fjfg scfhft) clgmfjhfc tfjier)
jlkumefg if+fhfc fpf fgo kumfc ifoe lgojfu me fgtfrf Fh 4ur>fg) sltlhfc
etu rujujhfc cegoof tlgfgo mfhfk rujuj etu) jlkumefg ifgojethfc cegoof
tlofj hurus jlkifhe jlkumefg su`umhfc cegoof tlgfgo mffk su`um etu)
jlkumefg ifgojethfc slcegoof tlgfgo mfhfk mumuj) mfg hfjujfghfc cfh
tlrsliut mfhfk slkuf scfhftku6.?=
5) ^ra">&ur ftfu Hfg%fc2 Hfg%fc ^>g>rfpfg K>ta&> L%"p>re#>g!"fug hfgo'fc7hfgo'fc lgl$ffg klta"l l'sl$eklg f"fhfc0
6. Klgl$fgo'fg tu*ufg l'sl$eklg
9. Klk#e-f$f'fg tl$hl#ec "fcuhu l$kfsfhfcfg %fgo seoge+e'fg ugtu'
"efgo'ft
2. l#lhukg%f ou$u cf$us klgltf'fg0 fhft %fgo "el$hu'fg hfgo'fc7
hfgo'fc ff %fgo cf$us "etlkuc cfh ff %fgo cf$us "e-ftft "fg f$ef#lh7
f$ef#lh ff %fgo cf$us "e'agt$ah./. ltlhfc l'sl$eklg "ehf'u'fg ou$u cf$us0 klgoukuh'fg hfa$fg
l'sl$eklg klk$asls 'loeftfg "fg klhf'u'fg tls ugtu' klgou*e
lkfcfkfg ku$e".63
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l$kfsfhfcfg
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Ililrfpf Kltaml Jagvlgseagfh mfhfk ^lkilhf`frfg ^FE
]lare mfg Fphejfse .
Mfft klhf'sfgf'fg klta"l ehkefc "lgofg #fe'.
Jl'u$fgofg klta"l l'sl$eklg %fetu0
6<
]e"f' slkuf kftf lhf*f$fg "fft klgoougf'fg klta"l ege
Ku$e" %fgo 'u$fgo klkug%fe "f%f egtlhl'tufh %fgo 'u$fgo cfg%f
klkl$ahlc cfseh %fgo kegek.
* KL]AML YLRE]FRE (Y>5etfteag K>tca&)
f) ^>g>rtefg K>ta&> Y>"etf"e
,lsetfse f"fhfc tl$*lkfcfg "f$e #fcfsf Egoo$es Fta +etlI %fgo f$teg%f
klgoute %fetu ses&f klgoute ftfu klgofk#eh slg"e$e #foefg7#foefg
lhf*f$fg etu "f$e #u'u7#u'u tl$tlgtu hfhu #lhf*f$ slg"e$e "fg #l$hftec cegoof
sef sl#fofekfgf klsteg%f.9>
,lsetfse f"fhfc lg%f*efg 'lk#fhe ftfu lgek#uhfg 'lk#fhe slsuftu %fgo
su"fc "ekehe'e "e'ltfcue "fg "elhf*f$e. Klta"l ege auhl$ "lgofg sl#utfg
l'l$*ffg $ukfc (^,) sl#ltuhg%f #u'fg cfg%f l'l$*ffg $ukfc tltfe "fft
"e'l$*f'fg "e sl'ahfc "e cfhfkfg "e l$ustf'ffg hf#a$ftu$euk kuscfhhf
kfs*e" ftfu tlkft7tlkft hfegg%f.96
Mfhfk ^lg"e"e'fg !ofkf Eshfk (^!E) kftf lhf*f$fg %fgo slsufe
"etl$f'fg f"fhfc %fgo #l$se+ft $f'tes sll$te klgl$*lkfc'fg hetl$ftu$ #fcfsf
fsego klk#uft 'heego fl$ $lsukl "fg hfeg7hfeg.99
!"f #l#l$ff lgol$tefg %fgo "etf&f$'fg #l$'fetfg "lgofg klta"l
$lsetfse fgtf$f hfeg0
6. Klgu$ut Eskfeh K %fgo "ekf'su" klta"l $lsetfse f"fhfc suftu -f$f"fhfk $asls lk#lhf*f$fg #ehfkfgf ou$u klk#l$e tuofs tl$tlgtu "fg
6< !$kfe !$el+ (9>>9). ^lgofgtfr Ehku mfg Kltamahaoe ^lgmemejfg Eshfk. f'f$tf =eutft
^l$s. hk. 6?2 "fg ,fkf%uheus (9>>3). Kltamahaoe ^lgmemejfg Fofkf Eshfk. E#e". hk. 93?.
9> E#e". hk. 65/.
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Ililrfpf Kltaml Jagvlgseagfh mfhfk ^lkilhf`frfg ^FE
]lare mfg Fphejfse .
ku$e" klgol$*f'fgg%f 'lku"efg tuofs tl$sl#ut "el$tfgoougo*f&f#'fg
'lf"f ou$u.92
9. Klgu$ut ,fkf%uheus %fgo "ekf'su" klta"l lk#l$efg tuofs "fg $lsetfse
efhfc sutu -f$f klgof*f$ "e kfgf sla$fgo ou$u klk#l$e'fg tuofs tl$tlgtu
'lf"f lsl$tf "e"e' sl"fgo'fg cfseh tl$sl#ut "el$e'sf ahlc ou$u "fg
lsl$tf "e"e' klkl$tfgoougo *f&f#'fgg%f.9/
2. Klgu$ut u'f$"e klta"l $lsetfse f"fhfc suftu klta"l klgof*f$ "ekfgf
ses&f "ecf$us'fg klk#uft $lsukl "lgofg 'fhekft slg"e$e.9
/. Klgu$ut !$el+ klta"l $lsetfse f"fhfc -f$f klg%f*e'fg #fcfg lhf*f$fg
"ekfgf ou$u klk#l$e'fg sl*ukhfc tuofs tl$cf"f ku$e"7ku$e"g%f ugtu'
klklhf*f$e slsuftu 'lku"efg kl$l'f "esu$uc ugtu' klkl$tfgoougo
*f&f#'fgg%f. ]uofs %fgo "e#l$e'fg ahlc ou$u #esf #l$#lgtu'
klkl$#fe'e klkl$"fhfk klgol-l' klg-f$e eg+a$kfse ftfu
klgocf+fh lhf*f$fg %fgo f'ce$g%f klk#uft 'lsekuhfg tl$tlgtu.95
6) Hfg&f"fg ftfu ^reg"ep Mf"fr K>ta&> Y>"etf"e
fg"fsfg ftfu $egse "fsf$ klta"l $lsetfse #l$"fsf$'fg !h7 Nu$8fg su$fc
!h7Kusftse$ f%ft 67? "fg !h7Ne%fkfc f%ft 6?763 #l$e'ut0
دضثـدضثدأز آ تءد6 ىؾ!"# أ $ %&!'# أ تـ $ (!/ .! $ ,-دض+* (
>$ 9 2&= ز
! $ %4ضأ #>9
92 Eskfeh K (9>>3). Rtrftloe ^lkilhf`frfg Fofkf Eshfk Ilrifses ^FEJLK . lkf$fgo,f!E Kl"ef $au. hk. 96.
9/ ,fkf%uheus (9>>3). Kltamahaoe ^lgmemejfg Fofkf Eshfk. f'f$tf Jfhfk Kuhef. hk.29<.
9 Eskfeh u'f$"e (9>66). Kamlh mfg Kltaml ^lkilhf`frfg Kamlrg# Ruftu ^lgofgtfr .
^fhlk#fgo ]ugfs lkehfgo $lss. hk. 9?.
95 !$kfe !$el+ (9>>9). ^lgofgtfr Ehku mfg Kltamahaoe ^lgmemejfg Eshfk. f'f$tf =eutft
^l$s. hk.65/
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Ililrfpf Kltaml Jagvlgseagfh mfhfk ^lkilhf`frfg ^FE
]lare mfg Fphejfse .
Frtegf# /Cfe arfgo fgo ilrjlkuh %ilrslhekut&) ifgoughfc) hfhu ilrehfc
plregoftfg3 mfg ]ucfgku fougojfghfc3 mfg pfjfefgku ilrsecjfghfc) mfg
plriuftfg masf tegoofhjfghfc)mfg `fgofghfc jfku klkilre %mlgofg kfjsum&klkplrahlc %ifhfsfg& fgo hliec ifgfj.mfg ugtuj %klklguce plregtfc&
]ucfgku) ilrsfifrhfc.6 (N.. !h7Ku"ftse$0 67?)
?3 ـ 5
0 + : ضى $68;7!1آضىN%9 ! : ضى6F
Frtegf# /Rlsugooucgf ftfs tfgoougofg jfkehfc klgoukpuhjfggf %me
mfmfku& mfg %klkiuftku pfgmfe& klkif+fgf. Fpfiehf Jfke tlhfc slhlsfe
klkif+fjfggf Kfjf ejutehfc if+ffggf etu6. (N.. !h7Ne%fkfc0 6?763)
Klgu$ut ,fkf%uheus tuofs %fgo "elk#fg ahlc Gf#e !:. "fhfk su$fc
!h7Ku"ftse$ f%ft 67? %fetu9? 0
6. ]fft #l$fofkf
9. eft "fg $f*eg #l$"f'&fc
2. Klk#lsec'fg "e$e *e&f #fe' hfce$ "fg #fteg
/. ^l$-f%f 'lf"f 'lkfkufg slg"e$e
. ]f#fc "fg uhlt "fhfk klhf'sfgf'fg tuofs.
5) ^ra">&ur ftfu Hfg%fc2 Hfg%fc ^>g>rfpfg K>ta&> Y>"etf"e
Bfgo l$hu "el$cfte'fg "fhfk hfgo'fc7hfgo'fc klta"l $lsetfse
6. Kl$ukus'fg tu*ufg sl-f$f al$fseagfh slse+e' tlgtfgo tf$olt %fgo f'fg
"e-ffe
9. Klkl$'e$f'fg ff'fc tu*ufg etu "fft "e-ffe "fhfk #ftfs7#ftfs &f'tu
tl$tlgtu
2. ]lgfof sl$tf sf$fgf %fgo tl$sl"ef/. Mfft klg"a$ago ses&f sl-f$f f'te+ "fg '$lfte+ ugtu' klklhf*f$e "fg
klk$f'tl''fg lhf*f$fg %fgo tlhfc "e#l$e'fg fof$ ses&f klkug%fe
lgoltfcufg..93
9? ,fkf%uheus (9>>3). Kltamahaoe ^lgmemejfg Fofkf Eshfk. f'f$tf Jfhfk Kuhef. hk. 22>93
!$kfe !$el+ Eiem . hk. 655
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Ililrfpf Kltaml Jagvlgseagfh mfhfk ^lkilhf`frfg ^FE
]lare mfg Fphejfse .
lklgtf$f lhf'sfgffg klta"l $lsetfse "ehf'sfgf'fg "fhfk 'loeftfg
#lhf*f$ l$a$fgofg kfuug 'lhaka'. !"fug lhf'sfgffg %fgo "etlkuc
"fhfk klta"l ege fgtf$f hfeg09<
6. ^lg"fcuhufg. ^f"f tfcf ege l$hu klkl$sef'fg klgtfh ku$e" ugtu'
klgl$ekf tuofs %fgo f'fg "e#l$e'fg 'lf"f kl$l'f f"f lhf*f$fg egte
ugtu' etu l$hu klk#l$e'fg 'l*lhfsfg tlgtfgo suftu #fcfg lhf*f$fg %fgo
"ehf'sfgf'fg "lgofg klta"l ege.
9. ^lhf*f$fg egte. u$u klk#l$e'fg tuofs ku$e" klhfa$'fg cfseh 'l$*f
kl$l'f slklgtf$f ou$u klgof"f'fg 'a$l'se tl$cf"f tuofs7tuofs
tl$sl#ut.
2. ^lgutu. ^f"f hfgo'fc ege ku$e" #l$sfkf ou$u klg-l' 'l#lgf$fg
slklgtf$f ku$e" "esu$uc klgouhfgoe tuofs etu 'lk#fhe.
"). Jlhl#ecfg "fg Jl'u$fgofg Klta"l ,lsetfse2>
Jlhl#ecfg klta"l $lsetfse f"fhfc0
^lgoltfcufg %fgo "el$ahlc ku$e" #fe' "f$e cfseh #lhf*f$ cfseh
l'sl$eklg ftfu lg%lhe"e'fg #fg%f' #l$cu#ugofg "lgofg kegft "fg
#l$ougf ugtu' ce"u kl$l'f "fg f'fg hl#ec hfkf "eegoft.
Mfft "ehf'sfgf'fg "fhfk #l$#fofe #e"fgo stu"e.
!f#ehf tuofs tl$sl#ut "fhfk #lgtu' 'lhaka' kf'f ku$e" "fft
sfhego #l'l$*fsfkf "fg sfhego klk#fgtu.
Ku$e" #l$'lslkftfg klkuu' l$'lk#fgofg "fg 'l#l$fgefg
#l$'$lfte+ #l$egesefte+ #l$tfgoougo *f&f# "fg kfg"e$e.
lklgtf$f 'lhlkfcfg klta"l $lsetfse f"fhfc0
]uofs $ukfc sl$ego "e'l$*f'fg ahlc a$fgo hfeg slcegoof ku$e" te"f'
tfcu ff %fgo cf$us "e'l$*f'fg.
]uofs %fgo su'f$ "fft klklgof$uce 'ltlgfgofg klgtfh ku$e".
u'f$ klk#l$e'fg tuofs %fgo slsufe "lgofg l$#l"ffg eg"ee"ufh "fg
ku$e" su'f klg%fheg l'l$*ffg tlkfg.
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Ililrfpf Kltaml Jagvlgseagfh mfhfk ^lkilhf`frfg ^FE
]lare mfg Fphejfse .
Mfhfk klgoougf'fg klta"l $lsetfse tl$"fft teof +fsl0
6. Lfsl lk#l$efg tuofs. ]uofs %fgo "e#l$e'fg 'lf"f ses&f
clg"f'g%f klkl$tek#fgo'fg tu*ufg *lges tuofs tuofs slsufe
"lgofg 'lkfkufg ku$e" sl"ef'fg &f'tu %fgo -u'u "fg f"f
suk#l$ %fgo "fft klk#fgtu l'l$*ffg ses&f.
9. Lfsl lhf'sfgffg tuofs. ^f"f +fsl ege ses&f "e#l$e'fg #ek#egofg
"fg lgof&fsfg ahlc ou$u "fg "e#l$e'fg "a$agofg slcegoof fgf'
kfu #l$usfcf "eusfcf'fg "e'l$*f'fg ahlc ses&f te"f' klg%u$uc
a$fgo hfeg.
2. Lfsl l$tfgoougo *f&f#fg tuofs. fh %fgo cf$us "ehf'u'fg f"f
+fsl ege0 hfa$fg ses&f f"f tfg%f *f&f# ftfu "es'use 'lhfs "fg
lgehfefg cfseh tuofs ou$u.
!fcaga Rfputra " Jurgefwfg ^fol 6= 2/62/9>6=
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Ililrfpf Kltaml Jagvlgseagfh mfhfk ^lkilhf`frfg ^FE
]lare mfg Fphejfse .
MF,]FY +R]FJF
!#u !#"ehhfc Kucfkkf" ;eg Eskf8eh ;eg E#$fcek ;eg Kuoce$fc !h7;u'cf$e
Fh9Iujcfre Kfusu8fc fh7f"eets fh7Gf#f&e% fh7%f$ee+ fh7ceccfc &f fh7
uggfc &f fh7 Kfsffgee" &&&.eshfkse$et.-ak
!#u fh7usfeg Kushek ;eg f**f* fh7Nus%fe$e fh7Geesff#u$% Rcfcec Kushek
Kfusu8fc fh7f"eets fh7Gf#f&e% fh7%f$ee+ fh7ceccfc &f fh7uggfc &f fh7
Kfsffgee" &&&.eshfkse$et.-ak
!$el+ !$kfe (9>>9). ^lgofgtfr Ehku mfg Kltamahaoe ^lgmemejfg Eshfk. f'f$tf
=eutft ^l$s.
Lftekfc ete lt fh (9>><). Kamlh9Kamlh ^lkilhf`frfg RK^5RKF. ^fhlk#fgo
^lg"e"e'fg "fg ftecfg ^$a+lse u$u (^^) ,f%ag / Dgel$setfs $e&e*f%f
(DG,E) ^fhlk#fgo.
f&e !'kfh (9>>3). Jakltlgse u$u ^!E. ^fhlk#fgo E!EG ,f"lg Lftfc
^$lss.
E#gu Eskf8eh !h Jfchfg% Kucfkkf" (tt). Ruiuh Fh9Rfhfk. (]l$*. Ahlc !#u#f'f$
Kucfkkf"). u$f#f%f !h7E'chfs.
Eskfeh K (9>>3). Rtrftloe ^lkilhf`frfg Fofkf Eshfk Ilrifses ^FEJLK .
lkf$fgo ,f!E Kl"ef $au.
Kucfkkf" Busu+ Jf"f$ (9>66). ]f(ser ]frifwe. ^l'fg#f$u fgf+f ^u#hescego.
Ge4f$ fksuh "fg fse#ufg fegfh +lg"e (9>66). Cfmets ]frifwe. f'f$tf
Jfhfk Kuhef.
,fkf%uheus (9>>3). Ehku ^lgmemejfg Eshfk. f'f$tf Jfhfk Kuhef.
77777777777777777 (9>>3). Kltamahaoe ^lgmemejfg Fofkf Eshfk. f'f$tf Jfhfk
Kuhef.
u'f$"e Eskfeh (9>66). Kamlh mfg Kltaml ^lkilhf`frfg Kamlrg# Ruftu
^lgofgtfr . ^fhlk#fgo ]ugfs lkehfgo ^$lss.
uf$hfg lt fh (9>><). ^FJLK# ^lkilhf`frfg Fjte() Jrlfte() L(ljte( mfg
Klglgfgojfg. ;fg"ugo lglseg"a.
ctt0'f#f$7lg"e"e'fg.#haosat.-ak9>666>lgol$tefg klta"l7$lsetfse.ctkh
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Ililrfpf Kltaml Jagvlgseagfh mfhfk ^lkilhf`frfg ^FE
]lare mfg Fphejfse .
ctt0clhke"f"fgo.&a$"$lss.-ak9>6>>269kf'fhfc7$lolgl$fse7lsfgt$lg7ugtu'7'lkf*fug7ukft
ctt0&&&.s-$e#".-ak"a-<6?392?3]!LE,7]!,;!:E
ctt0&fc%aga7sfut$a.#haosat.-ak;]F,REY ]FYIF_E
HFK^EYFG 6Ylgbfgf lhfjsfgffg lkilhf`frfg ZY^^[
^lgmemejfg Fofkf Eshfk Z^FE[Klhfhue Kltaml Mlkagstrfse, Ljslreklg mfg Ylsetfse
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5/17/2018 BEBERAPA METODE KONVENSIONAL - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/beberapa-metode-konvensional 17/18
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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/beberapa-metode-konvensional 18/18
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