Karen Coluzzi, Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation, ForestryFPOSP Training, Calais, ME 5/22/2013
• Anoplophora glabripennis (Family: Cerambycidae)
• Native to China and Korea
• “Longhorned Beetle” due to the long antennae
• “Starry Sky Beetle” “Darth Vader Beetle”
PA Dept. Conservation and Natural Resources, Bugwood.org
• ALB is a wood boring beetle.• Small larvae feed in the cambium and
sapwood disrupting flow of nutrients• Larger larvae feed deeper into the
tree’s heartwood, weakening the tree’s structure.
• ALB attacks healthy hardwood trees
• Repeated attacks lead to weakened trees and eventually death.
Dennis Haugen, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
• Solid wood packing materials (SWPM), like pallets, crates and spools, are used to transport goods from China to the U.S.
• SWPMs were infested with live ALB larvae.
• ALB in North America
• New York – Brooklyn (1996)• Illinois – Chicago (1998)• New Jersey – Jersey City (2002)• Toronto, Canada (2003)• New Jersey – Carteret (2004)• New York – Staten Island (2007)• New York – Prall Island (2007)• Massachusetts – Worcester (2008)• Massachusetts – Boston (2010)• Ohio – Clermont Co. (2011)
X XX
• ALB attacks many hardwood tree species
• Represent billions of dollars to the U.S. economy• Lumber
• Wood products
• Nursery stock
• Maple syrup
• Tourism
http://curiouslyhealthy.blogspot.com
• Public Safety Hazard• Trees are weakened by larval feeding in the heartwood.
Michael Bohne, U.S. Forest Service Ice stormMassachusetts, 2008
• Hard to Detect• No effective trap/lure• Only visual surveys – easy to miss signs
• Limited Control Options• To date, no effective natural enemies• No pesticides
• Non-infested trees can be protected with chemical trunk injections
• Must take tree down and chip it.
• In Urban Areas• Tree canopy cover – 35% lost• Tree mortality – 30% (=1.2 billion trees)• Economic damage
• $669 billion• Decreased property
values• Energy-conserving
shade• Aesthetic loss
Karen Coluzzi, Maine Dept. of Agriculture Street in Worcester after
tree removal
• In Forested Areas• Tree mortality – 30% (=71 billion trees)• Economic damage
• $2 trillion• Reduced water and air quality• Ecological diversity altered• Wetlands and wildlife
impacted
birch
maple
horsechestnut
elm
willow
poplarmountain-ash
• *Maple (including boxelder)*• Birch• Elm• Horsechestnut• Mountain-ash• Poplar• Willow
The adult female chews a niche into the
bark of the tree in which to lay her egg. An adult male guards
the female.
Mike Bohne, U.S. Forest Service
Eggs are laid individually under the bark and are the approximate size of a grain of
rice.
Larry R. Barber, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
After 10-15 days, larvae hatch and bore into the tree, feeding on the cambial layer
and inner bark for the first three life stages.
USDA APHIS PPQ
Dennis Haugen, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
Adults emerge leaving round,
dime-sized exit holes
Steven Katovich, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
The larvae eventually bore deeper into the wood where
they pupate.
PA DCNR - Forestry Archive, Bugwood.org Michael Bohne, Bugwood.org Michael Bohne, USDA Forest Service
July - October
Adult Beetles • Large over 1”; females larger than males
• Shiny black like patent leather shoes
• White markings strong alternating bands on antennae; splotches on body
• Blue tinge on legs
female
male
Whitespotted Pine Sawyer
Feeds on conifers – pine, spruce and fir. Adults range from 0.75-1.25” in length. Adults emerge in spring and can be seen all summer.
femalemale
female
White scutellumBlack scutellum
Northeastern Sawyer
Feeds on conifers 1.0 – 1.5” in length Adults emerge in spring
Western Conifer Seed Bug
Feeds on conifer seeds~3/4” in length Adults enter buildings when cold
Bores into roots. 1.0 – 1.75” in length.Adults are nocturnal.
Serrated antennae
Eyed Click Beetle
Predatory. 1.0 – 1.8” in length.Wireworm larvae feed on woodborers.
Broadnecked Root Borer
PA DCNR - Forestry Archive, Bugwood.org
Branch Dieback and Discolored Foliage
Patty Douglass, USDA APHIS PPQ
Bark Problems
MissingCracks
Michael Bohne, US Forest Service
Foamy Sap
Michael Bohne, US Forest Service
Oviposition Sites (egg niches)
Jenn Forman Orth, Mass. Department of Agricultural Resources
Jenn Forman Orth, Mass. Department of Agricultural Resources
Oviposition Sites (egg niches)
Michael Bohne, US Forest Service
newold
Exit (emergence) Holes
Dennis Haugen, US Forest Service
Michael Bohne, US Forest Service
Exit (emergence) Holes
Exit (emergence) Holes vs. Sapsucker Damage
Frass
Frass
Kenneth R. Law, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org
Michael Bohne, US Forest Service
Robert A. Haack, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
Frass
Adult Feeding Damage
Dean Morewood, Health Canada, Bugwood.org
Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources - Forestry Archive, Bugwood.org
Tunnels and Galleries
Patty Douglass, USDA APHIS PPQ
• On host trees• Look for signs and symptoms
throughout the year
• Look for adult beetles July – October
• Binoculars are good for higher branches
Maine Department of Agriculture
What the USDA Eradication Program uses to look for
signs of ALB
• Open landscapes• Street trees, backyards, parks,
cemeteries
• Right-of-ways• Roads, power lines, railroad
tracks
• Edges* of:• Woodlots, forests, ravines• Industrial parks!!!
• Campgrounds
• Capture it• Place in a container • that can be sealed• Freeze ASAP
• OR, take a picture
• Collect data• Date• Location• Nearby trees or tree it was on• Your name and contact info
Glenn Rosenholm, US Forest Service
• www.albmaine.org
• Division of Animal and Plant Health• 207-287-3891
• Maine Forest Service• 207-287-2431
• USDA APHIS PPQ• 207-848-5199
• ALB Hotline• 866-702-9938
Also, join our Facebook page! Maine Bug Watch
Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry
• Almost all new infestations have been detected by private citizens.
• Trainings
• Presentations
• Public events
• Media
• Outreach also facilitates program activities and compliance with regulations once an infestation has been identified.
ALB reported in 2008 by a public citizen
Infested trees date back to 1994
110 mi2 quarantined
>34,000 trees removed to date
ALB reported in 2010 by a trained volunteer
Infested trees date back to 2008
10 mi2 quarantined
6 trees removed to date
Worcester, MA Boston, MA
• Asian longhorned beetle threatens Maine’s hardwood and urban forests.
• If left unchecked, the potential economic damage from ALB is estimated at more than $600 billion dollars in the continental U.S.
• We need the help of private citizens to help with early detection to stave off establishment of ALB in Maine.
• Please be on the lookout and Capture and Report any suspect findings
www.albmaine.org
www.uvm.edu/albeetle/
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