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GANGGUAN TERKAIT ALKOHOL
Pembimbing :
dr. Satya Joewana, Sp.KJ
Disusun Oleh:
Jennifer D.M. Ohee (2014-061-036)
KEPANITERAAN KLINIK
ILMU KEDOKTERAN JIWA DAN PERILAKU
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIKA ATMA JAA
!" N#$embe% &"'( ) '" J*nu*%i &"'+
KATA PENGANTAR
!"i dan #y!$!r $epada %!han yan& Maha '#a, $arena ata# rahat dan $a#ih $ar!nia-
ya, pen!*i#an referat den&an "!d!* +an&&!an %er$ait *$oho* dapat diw!"!d$an den&an /ai$.
en!*i# en&!ap$an teria $a#ih $epada dr. Satya Joewana, Sp.KJ ata# /i/in&an dan #aran
e*ia! #e*aa pen!*i#an referat ini. en!*i# "!&a /erteria $a#ih $epada #e!a piha$ yan&
e/ant!, /ai$ #eara *an!n& a!p!n tida$ *an!n& da*a pen!*i#an referat ini.
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Da*a $e#epatan ini, pen!*i# "!&a in&in enyapai$an perohonan aaf yan&
#e/e#ar-/e#arnya ata# #e&a*a $e#a*ahan /ai$ yan& di#en&a"a a!p!n tida$. en!*i# enyadari
/ahwa a#ih /anya$ $e$!ran&an da*a referat ini. O*eh $arena it!, #e&a*a #aran ata! $riti$ yan&
e/an&!n a$an di"adi$an #e/a&ai pea! !nt!$ e/!at $arya yan& *e/ih /ai$ *a&i. $hir
$ata, pen!*i# /erharap #eo&a referat ini /eranfaat /a&i $ita #e!a.
Ja$arta, 03 Jan!ari 2016
................................................
en!*i#
PENDAHULUAN
',' L*-*% .el*/*ng
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. D'San&&!an ter$ait a*$oho* er!pa$an #!at! &an&&!an yan& diti/!*$an dari
$on#!#i a*$oho* yan& /er*e/ihan yan& eni/!*$an per!/ahan $e#adaran, peri*a$!,
dan &e"a*a into$#i$a#i.. 'D'MOO
erda#ar$an 5i#$e#da# 200, pre7a*en#i pend!d!$ ndone#ia !!r 18 tah!n $e
ata# yan& in! a*$oho* 1 /!*an tera$hir 4,9: pada *a$i-*a$i, 0,3: pada perep!an dan
2,8: pada $ed!anya. re7a*en#i pend!d!$ per$otaan yan& in! a*$oho* tertin&&i pada
pro7in#i 5ia!, ;o&ya$arta, Jawa %i!r, anten, Ka*iantan Se*atan, ap!a arat dan
ap!a. re7a*en#i pend!d!$ pede#aan yan& in! a*$oho* tertin&&i pada pro7in#i
S!atera
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Se*atan, oronta*o, dan Ma*!$! !tara. Jeni# a*$oho* yan& di$on#!#i o*eh pend!d!$
*a$i-*a$i 18 tah!n $e ata# da*a 1 /!*an tera$hir ada*ah /ir 24,:, *i$!or (whi#$ey,
7od$a d**) 9,:, wine 22,8: dan a*$oho* tradi#iona* 43,1:.
. '%OO. 5iwayat Ma#a Kana$-Kana$
ene*iti te*ah en&identifi$a#i #e"!*ah fa$tor dari riwayat a#a $ana$-
$ana$ #e#eoran& yan& $e!dian en&a*ai &an&&!an ter$ait a*$oho* #erta pada
ana$ yan& /eri#i$o tin&&i en&a*ai &an&&!an &an&&!an ter$ait a*$oho* $arena
#a*ah #at! ata! $ed!a oran& t!anya en&a*ai &an&&!an ter#e/!t. ada #t!di
e$#perienta*, ana$ yan& /eri#i$o tin&&i !nt!$ &an&&!an ter$ait a*$oho*, #eara
rata-rata dite!$an ei*i$i $i#aran defi#it pada !"i ne!ro$o&nitif, ap*it!do
&e*o/an& 300 y#n& rendah pada !"i evoked potential , #erta /er/a&ai
a/nora*ita# re$aan e*e$troen#efa*o&ra (''). %e!an ini end!&a /ahwa
f!ni ota$ /io*o&i# yan& dit!r!n$an dapat en"adi predi#po#i#i #e#eoran& !nt!$
en&a*ai &an&&!an ter$ait a*$oho*. 5iwayat a#a $ana$-$ana$ den&an
&an&&!an pe!#atan perhatian=hipera$ti7ita# ata! &an&&!an peri*a$! ata!
$ed!anya enin&$at$an ri#i$o #eoran& ana$ en&a*ai &an&&!an ter$ait a*$oho*
$eti$a dewa#a. an&&!an $epri/adian "!&a enpredi#po#i#i$an #e#eoran&
en&a*ai &an&&!an ter$ait a*$oho*.
. %eori #i$odinai$
%eori p#i$odinai$ tentan& &an&&!an ter$ait a*$oho* /erp!#at pada
hipote#i# en&enai #!pere&o yan& ter*a*! $era# dan fi$#a#i pada fa#e ora*
per$e/an&an p#i$o#e$#!a*. Men!r!t teori p#i$oana*iti$, oran& den&an #!pere&o
$era# yan& en&h!$! diri /erpa*in& $e a*$oho* #e/a&ai ara en&!ran&i #tre#
di/awah #adar. n#ieta# pada oran& yan& terfi$#a#i pada fa#e ora* dapat direda$an
den&an en&on#!#i >at, i#a*nya a*$oho*, den&an !*!t. e/erapa p#i$iater
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p#i$odinai$ en&&a/ar$an $epri/adian !! oran& den&an &an&&!an ter$ait
a*$oho* #e/a&ai #eoran& pea*!, penyendiri, tida$ #a/aran, irita/e*, ea#,
hiper#en#itif, dan terepre#i #eara #e$#!a*. Men!r!t afori#e p#i$oana*iti$ !!,
#!pere&o ter*ar!t da*a a*$oho*. ada tin&$at yan& tida$ ter*a*! teoriti#, a*$oho*
!n&$in di#a*ah&!na$an #e/a&ian oran& !nt!$ en&!ran&i $ete&an&an, an#ieta#,
dan nyeri p#i$i#. Kon#!#i a*$oho* "!&a dapat eni/!*$an pera#aan /er$!a#a
dan penin&$atan har&a diri.
?. %eori So#io$!*t!ra*
e/erapa #it!a#i #o#ia* /ia#anya en&arah $e in! /er*e/ihan. #raa
per&!r!an tin&&i dan /a#i# i*iter er!pa$an d!a ontoh@ da*a #it!a#i ini,
in! #eara #erin& dan /er*e/ihan #erin& dian&&ap nora* dan diharap$an
#eara #o#ia*. e/erapa $e*opo$ etni$ dan /!daya *e/ih $etat di/andin& yan&
*ain terhadap $on#!#i a*$oho*. ?ontohnya, /ana #ia dan rote#tan
$on#er7atif *e/ih "aran& en&on#!#i a*$oho* di/andin& rote#tan *i/era* dan
Kato*i$.D. a$tor eri*a$! dan e/e*a"aran
Seperti ha*nya fa$tor /!daya dapat een&ar!hi $e/ia#aan in!, /e&it!
p!*a $e/ia#aan da*a #at! $e*!ar&a, $h!#!#nya, $e/ia#aan in! oran& t!a.
a!n, #e"!*ah /!$ti en&indi$a#i$an /ahwa $e/ia#aan in! da*a $e*!ar&a
yan& een&ar!hi $e/ia#aan in! ana$-ana$nya tida$ ter*a*! /er$aitan
*an!n& den&an ti/!*nya &an&&!an ter$ait a*$oho* di/andin& yan& diper$ira$an
#e/e*!nya. Dari #!d!t pandan& peri*a$!, a#pe$ pen&!atan po#itif dari a*$oho*
dapat pen&ind!$#i pera#aan #ehat dan e!phoria #erta dapat en&!ran&i ra#a ta$!t
dan an#ieta#, yan& dapat endoron& !nt!$ in! *e/ih *an"!t.
'. %eori eneti$
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%eori /io*o&i# den&an d!$!n&an ter/ai$ tentan& a*$oho*i#e /erp!#at
pada &eneti$a. Sa*ah #at! te!an yan& end!$!n& $e#ip!*an &eneti ada*ah
ri#i$o en&a*ai a#a*ah a*$oho* #eri!# ti&a #apai epat $a*i *ipat *e/ih tin&&i
pada $era/at de$at #eoran& a*$oho*i$. n&$a a#a*ah a*$oho* enin&$at #eirin&
den&an /erta/ah /anya$nya "!*ah $era/at yan& a*$oho*i$, $eparahan penya$it
ere$a, #erta $ede$atan h!/!n&an &eneti$ den&an oran& yan& dite*iti.
A. ''K KOBO. /#orp#i
Se$itar 10 per#en a*$oho* yan& di$on#!#i dia/#orp#i e*a*!i *a/!n&,
#i#anya e*a*!i !#!# ha*!#. Kon#entra#i p!na$ a*$oho* da*a darah terapai
da*a 30 #apai 90 enit dan /ia#anya da*a 48 #apai 60 enit, /er&ant!n&
apa$ah a*$oho* di$on#!#i da*a $eadaan per!t $o#on& (enin&$at$an a/#orp#i)
ata! den&an a$anan (en!nda a/#orp#i). Ca$t! !nt!$ enapai $on#entra#i
p!na$ da*a darah "!&a /er&ant!n& pada "an&$a wa$t! en&on#!#i a*$oho*@
in! den&an epat en&!ran&i wa$t! !nt!$ enapai $on#entra#i p!na$@
in! #eara *a/at enin&$at$annya. /#orp#i pa*in& epat pada in!an
yan& en&and!n& 18 #apai 30 per#en a*$oho* (30 #apai 60 per#en proof ).
%!/!h ei*i$i a*at pe*ind!n& terhadap pe/an"iran o*eh a*$oho*.
Mi#a*nya, "i$a $on#entra#i a*$oho* di *a/!n& ter*a*! tin&&i, !$!# di#e$re#i, dan
$at!p pi*ori$ en!t!p. $#i ini eper*a/at a/#orp#i dan ene&ah a*$oho*
a#!$ $e !#!# ha*!#, yan& tida$ ei*i$i ha/atan a/#orp#i yan& #i&nifi$an.
Den&an dei$ian, #e"!*ah /e#ar a*$oho* dapat tetap ta$ dia/#orp#i da*a
*a/!n& #e*aa /er"a-"a. e/ih *an"!t, #pa#e pi*or!# #erin& enye/a/$an
!a* dan !ntah. Se$a*i dia/#orp#i da*a a*iran darah, a*$oho* a$an
didi#tri/!#i$an $e #e*!r!h "arin&an t!/!h. Karena a*$oho* #eara enye*!r!h
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ter*ar!t da*a airan t!/!h, "arin&an yan& en&and!n& propor#i air yan& *e/ih
tin&&i endapat a*$oho* da*a $on#entra#i tin&&i. 'fe$ into$#i$a#i *e/ih /e#ar
$eti$a $on#entra#i a*$oho* enin&$at di/andin& /i*a #edan& en!r!n (efe$
Me**an/y). ta# a*a#an ini, *a"! a/#orp#i #eara *an!n& /erh!/!n&an den&an
re#pon into$#i$a#i.. Meta/o*i#e
Se$itar 90 per#en a*$oho* yan& dia/#orp#i dieta/o*i#e e*a*!i o$#ida#i
di hepar@ 10 per#en #i#anya die$#re#i tanpa en&a*ai per!/ahan o*eh &in"a* dan
par!. a"! o$#ida#i o*eh hepar $on#tan dan tida$ dipen&ar!hi $e/!t!han ener&i
t!/!h. %!/!h dapat eeta/o*i#a#i #e$itar 18 &=d per "a, den&an $i#aran
antara 10 #apai 34 &=d per "a. ada oran& den&an riwayat $on#!#i a*$oho*
/er*e/ihan,penin&$atan en>i yan& diper*!$an en&a$i/at$an eta/o*i#e
a*$oho* epat.
*$oho* dieta/o*i#a#i o*eh d!a en>i yait! a*$oho* dehydro&ena#e
(DB) dan a*dehid dehydro&ena#e. DB en&$ata*i#a#i $on7er#i a*$oho*
en"adi a#eta*dehid, yan& er!pa$an #enyawa to$#i$@ a*dehid dehydro&ena#e
en&$ata*i#a#i $on7er#i a#eta*dehid en"adi a#a a#etat. *dehid dehydro&ena#e
diinhi/i#i o*eh di#!*fira (nta/!#e), yan& #erin& di&!na$an da*a penan&anan
&an&&!an ter$ait a*$oho*. Se"!*ah #t!di en!n"!$$an /ahwa wanita ei*i$i
$and!n&an DB da*a darah yan& *e/ih #edi$it di/andin& pria@ fa$ta ini !n&$in
enye/a/$an $eender!n&an wanita !nt!$ en"adi *e/ih terinto$#i$a#i di/andin&
pria #ete*ah in! a*$oho* da*a "!*ah yan& #aa. en!r!nan f!ni en>i
yan& eeta/o*i#a#i a*$oho* pada /e/erapa oran& #ia "!&a dapat enye/a/$an
!dahnya en&a*ai into$#i$a#i dan &e"a*a to$#i$.
?. 'fe$ pada Ota$
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.i#/imi*0i, *$oho* eni/!*$an efe$ den&an enyi#ip$an diri $e da*a
e/rane dan den&an dei$ian enin&$at$an f*!idita# e/ran pada
pen&&!naan "an&$a pende$. a!n den&an pen&&!naan "an&$a pan"an&, teori
ter#e/!t /erhipote#i# /ahwa e/rane en"adi *e/ih ri&id ata! $a$!. *!idita#
e/rane pentin& a&ar re#eptor, $ana* ion, dan protein f!niona* teri$at
e/rane *ain dapat /erf!ni nora*. $ti7ita# $ana* ion yan& di$ait$an den&an
re#eptor a#eti*$o*in ni$otini$, #erotonin 8-B%3, dan tipe ()
ditin&$at$an o*eh a*$oho*, #eentara a$ti7ita# $ana* ion yan& di$ait$an den&an
re#eptor &*!taate dan $ana* $a*#i! voltage-gated en&a*ai inhi/i#i.E1e/ Pe%il*/u, Se/a&ai ha#i* /er#ih dari a$ti7ita# o*e$!*er, a*$oho* /erf!ni
#e/a&ai depre#an #eperti ha*nya /ar/it!rate dan &o*on&an /en>odia>epine, ya&
den&an $ed!a >at ini, a*$oho* ei*i$i /e/erapa to*eran#i #i*an& dan dependen#i
#i*an&. ada $adar a*oho* 0,08 per#en da*a darah, i#i pi$ir, daya ni*ai, dan
pen&enda*ian e*on&&ar dan $adan&-$adan& ter&an&&!. ada $on#entra#i 0,1
per#en, &era$an otori$ 7o*!nter /ia#anya tapa$ $i$!$. ada #e/a&ian /e#ar
ne&ara /a&ian, into$#i$a#i *e&a* /er$i#ar dari 0,1 #apai 0,18 per#en $adar
a*$oho* darah. ada $adar 0,2 per#en, f!ni #e*!r!h area otori$ ota$ ter*ihat
en&a*ai pen!r!nan, dan /a&ian ota$ yan& en&enda*i$an peri*a$! eo#iona*
"!&a ter&an&&!. ada 0,3 per#en, #e#eoran& /ia#anya en"adi &ad!h &e*i#ah ata!
en&a*ai #t!por@ pada 0,4 #apai 0,8 per#en, oran& a$an "at!h $e da*a
$eadaan $oa. ada $adar yan& *e/ih tin&&i, p!#at priitif di ota$ yan&
en&ontro* pernapa#an dan deny!t "ant!n& a$an terpen&ar!h, dan $eatian
eny!#!* #e$!nder terhadap depre#i napa# *an!n& ata! a#pira#i !ntahan.
a!n, oran& den&an riwayat penya*ah&!naan a*$oho* "an&$a *aa dapat
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eno*eran#i $on#entra#i a*oho* yan& "a!h *e/ih tin&&i di/andin& oran& tida$
pernah en&on#!#i a*$oho*@ to*eran#i a*$oho* ere$a dapat enye/a/$an
ere$a #eo*ah tapa$ tida$ ter*a*! terinto$#i$a#i di/andin& #e/enarnya.
E1e/ Ti2u%, Me#$i a*$oho* yan& di$on#!#i pada a*a hari /ia#anya
enin&$at$an $e!dahan !nt!$ "at!h tertid!r (pen!r!nan *aten#i tid!r), a*$oho*
"!&a ei*i$i efe$ #apin& pada ar#ite$t!r tid!r. Seara #pe#ifi$, pen&&!naan
a*oho* di$ait$an den&an pen!r!nan tid!r rapid eye movement (5'M ata! tid!r
/eripi) dan tid!r da*a (#tadi! 4) #erta *e/ih /anya$ fra&enta#i tid!r,
den&an epi#ode ter/an&!n yan& *e/ih /anya$ dan *e/ih *aa. O*eh $arena it!,
&a&a#an /ahwa in! a*$oho* dapat e/ant! #e#eoran& !nt!$ tid!r ada*ah
#e/!ah ito#.
E1e/ Fisi#l#gis L*in
He3*%, 'fe$ #apin& !taa pen&&!naan a*$oho* /er$aitan den&an $er!#a$an
hepar. en&&!naan a*$oho*, /ah$an #e#in&$at epi#ode penin&$atan in!
#ein&&! pen!h, dapat en&a$i/at$an a$!!*a#i *ea$ dan protein, yan&
enye/a/$an ti/!*nya per*ea$an hati, yan& $adan& dite!$an pada
peeri$#aan fi#i$ #e/a&ai pe/e#aran hepar. B!/!n&an antara infi*tra#i *ea$
pada hepar dan $er!#a$an hepar yan& #eri!# a#ih /e*! "e*a#. a!n,
pen&&!naan a*$oho* di$ait$an den&an ti/!*nya hepatiti# a*$oho*i$ dan #iro#i#
hepati#.
Sis-em g*s-%#in-es-in*l, Min!-in! /erat da*a "an&$a pan"an& di$ait$an
den&an ti/!*nya e#opha&iti#, &a#triti#, a$h*orhidria, dan t!$a$ *a/!n&.
%i/!*nya 7ari#e# e#ofa&!# dapat enyertai penya*ah&!naan a*$oho* ter!taa
yan& /erat@ r!pt!r 7ari#e# er!pa$an #!at! $edar!ratan edi# yan& #erin&
enye/a/$an $eatian a$i/at e$#an&!ina#i. an&&!an pada !#!# ha*!# #e#e$a*i
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ter"adi, dan pan$reatiti#, in#!fi#ien#i pan$rea#, #erta $an$er pan$rea# "!&a
di$ait$an den&an pen&&!naan a*$oho* /erat. #!pan a*$oho* /erat dapat
en&&an&&! pro#e# nora* penernaan dan a/#orp#i a$anan@ a$i/atnya
a$anan yan& di$on#!#i $!ran& ade$!at dierna. enya*ah&!naan a*$oho*
tapa$nya "!&a en&ha/at $apa#ita# !#!# ha*!# enyerap /er/a&ai n!trient,
#eperti 7itain dan a#a aino. 'fe$ ini, /er#aa den&an $e/ia#aan a$an yan&
#erin& $a*i /!r!$ pada ere$a den&an &an&&!an ter$ait a*$oho*, dapat
en&a$i/at$an defi#ien#i 7itain yan& #eri!# ter!taa 7itain .
Sis-em Tubuh L*in, Kon#!#i a*$oho* yan& #i&nifi$an te*ah di$ait$an den&an
penin&$atan te$anan darah, di#re&!*a#i eta/o*i# *ipoprotein dan tri&*i#erida,
#erta penin&$atan ri#i$o infar$ io$ardi! dan penya$it #ere/ro7a#$!*ar. *$oho*
ter/!$ti een&ar!hi "ant!n& pada oran& non a*$oho*i$ yan& tida$ /ia#a in!,
enin&$at$an !rah "ant!n& i#tirahat, fre$!en#i deny!t "ant!n&, dan $on#!#i
o$#i&en io$ardi!. !$ti en&indi$a#i$an /ahwa $on#!#i a*$oho* dapat
#eara #ipan& een&ar!hi #i#te heatopoieti$ #erta enin&$at$an in#iden
$an$er, ter!taa $an$er $epa*a, *eher, e#ofa&!#, *a/!n&, hepar, $o*on, dan par!.
nto$#i$a#i a$!t "!&a dapat di$ait$an den&an hipo&*i$eia, yan& /i*a tida$
terdete$#i, dapat enye/a/$an $eatian endada$ pada oran& yan& en&a*ai
into$#i$a#i. Ke*eahan otot er!pa$an efe$ #apin& *ain a*$oho*i#e. Kon#!#i
a*$oho* dapat enin&$at$an $on#entra#i e#tradio* darah pada wanita. enin&$atan
e#tradio* /er$ore*a#i den&an $adar a*$oho* darah.
D. ntera$#i O/at
ntera$#i antara a*$oho* dan >at *ain dapat /er/ahaya, /ah$an fata*. at
tertent! #eperti a*$oho* dan feno/ar/ita* (!ina*) dieta/o*i#e o*eh hepar dan
pen&&!naan da*a "an&$a wa$t! *aa dapat en&a$i/at$an a$#e*era#i
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eta/o*i#enya. i*a oran& den&an &an&&!an ter$ait a*$oho* #edan& tida$
a/!$, eta/o*i#e yan& diperepat ini e/!at ere$a *!ar /ia#a to*eran
terhadap /anya$ o/at #eperti #edatif dan hipnoti$@ na!n $eti$a ere$a
terinto$#i$a#i, o/at ini /er#ain& den&an a*$oho* !nt!$ e$ani#e deto$#ifi$a#i
yan& #aa dan $on#entra#i #e!a >at yan& ter*i/at yan& poten#ia* to$#i$ dapat
tera$!!*a#i da*a darah.
'fe$ a*$oho* dan depre#an #i#te #araf p!#at (SS) *ain /ia#anya
#iner&i#ti$. Sedatif, hipnoti$, dan o/at yan& ereda$an nyeri, a/!$ per"a*anan,
#a$it $epa*a $arena f*!, dan &e"a*a a*er&i har!# di&!na$an den&an hati-hati pada
oran& den&an &an&&!an ter$ait a*$oho*. ar$oti$a endepre#i area #en#ori$
$orte$# #ere/ri dan dapat enye/a/$an nyeri ereda, #eda#i, apati, en&ant!$,
dan tid!r@ do#i# tin&&i dapat en&a$i/at$an &a&a* napa# dan $eatian.
enin&$atan do#i# o/at hipnoti$-#edatif #eperti $*ora* hidrat (ote) dan
&o*on&an /en>odia>epine, ter!taa /i*a di$o/ina#i$an den&an a*$oho*,
eni/!*$an $i#aran efe$ dari #eda#i hin&&a hendaya otori$ dan inte*e$t!a*
#apai #t!por, $oa dan $eatian. Karena #edatif dan o/at p#i$otropi$a *ain
dapat enin&$at$an poten#i efe$ a*$oho*.A. Kriteria Dia&no#i#
an&&!an %er$ait *$oho* Men!r!t DSM A-%5
an&&!an pen&&!naan a*$oho*
Keter&ant!n&an a*$oho*
enya*ah&!naan a*$oho*
an&&!an terind!$#i a*$oho*
nto$#i$a#i a*$oho*
Keadaan p!t!# a*$oho*
%ent!$an apa$ah EDen&an &an&&!an per#ep#i
De*iri! pada into$#i$a#i a*$oho*
De*iri! pada p!t!# a*$oho*
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Deen#ia per#i#ten terind!$#i a*$oho*
an&&!an ane#i$ per#i#ten terind!$#i a*$oho*
an&&!an p#i$oti$ terind!$#i a*$oho*, den&an waha
%ent!$an apa$ah E
Den&an on#et #aat into$#i$a#iDen&an on#et #aat p!t!# >at
an&&!an p#i$oti$ terind!$#i a*$oho*, den&an ha*!#ina#i
%ent!$an apa$ah EDen&an on#et #aat into$#i$a#i
Den&an on#et #aat p!t!# >at
an&&!an ood terind!$#i a*$oho*
%ent!$an apa$ah E
Den&an on#et #aat into$#i$a#iDen&an on#et #aat p!t!# >at
an&&!an an#ieta# terind!$#i a*$oho*
%ent!$an apa$ah EDen&an on#et #aat into$#i$a#i
Den&an on#et #aat p!t!# >at
Di#f!ni #e$#!a* terind!$#i a*$oho*
%ent!$an apa$ah E
Den&an on#et #aat into$#i$a#i
an&&!an tid!r terind!$#i a*$oho*
%ent!$an apa$ah E
Den&an on#et #aat into$#i$a#iDen&an on#et #aat p!t!# >at
an&&!an a*$oho* yan& tida$ ter&o*on&$an
', In-#/si/*si *l/#h#l
DSM-A-%5 enetap$an $riteria fora* !nt!$ endia&no#i# into$#i$a#i a*$oho*E
. ar!-/ar! ini en&on#!#i a*$oho*
. er!/ahan peri*a$! ata! p#i$o*o&i# a*adapti7e yan& #eara $*ini#
/era$na yan& tida$ pada tepatnya, *a/i*ita# ood, daya ni*ai
ter&an&&!, f!ni #o#ia* ata! o$!pa#iona* ter&an&&! yan& ti/!* #e*aa
ata! #e&era #ete*ah in&e#ti a*$oho*
?. Sat! (ata! *e/ih) tanda /eri$!t, yan& ti/!* #e*aa ata! #e&era #ete*ah
pen&&!naan a*$oho*E
‒ e/iaraan eraa! ‒ n$oordina#i
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‒ aya /er"a*an tida$ #ta/i*
‒ i#ta&!#
‒ Bendaya aten#i ata! eori ‒ St!por ata! $oa
D. e"a*a tida$ di#e/a/$an #!at! $ondi#i edi# !! dan tida$ *e/ih /ai$
diteran&$an o*eh &an&&!an enta* *ain.
nto$#i$a#i a*$oho* /!$an #!at! $ondi#i #epe*e dan pada $ondi#i e$#tre,
dapat en&a$i/at$an $oa, depre#i napa#, dan $eatian a$i/at henti napa# ata!
$arena a#pira#i !ntahan. Keparahan &e"a*a into$#i$a#i a*$oho* #eara $a#ar
/erh!/!n&an den&an $on#entra#i a*$oho* da*a darah, yan& enerin$an
$on#entra#i a*$oho* di ota$. ada awitan into$#i$a#i a*$oho*, /e/erapa oran&
en"adi /anya$ oon& dan #!$a /er$!p!*@ yan& *ain en"adi enari$ diri dan
era"!$ ata! /er$e*ahi. Se"!*ah pa#ien en!n"!$$an *a/i*ita# ood den&an
epi#ode interiten tertawa dan enan&i#. Oran& ter#e/!t !n&$in en!n"!$$an
to*eran#i "an&$a pende$ terhadap a*$oho* dan tapa$ tida$ ter*a*! terinto$#i$a#i
#ete*ah en&ha/i#$an /anya$ "a in! di/andin& #ete*ah hanya /e/erapa "a.
&, Ke*2**n Pu-us Al/#h#l
Keadaan p!t!# a*$oho*, /ah$an tanpa de*iri!, dapat en"adi #eri!# dan
ena$!p $e"an& #erta hipera$ti7ita# otono. Kondi#i ya& dapat en"adi
predi#po#i#i ata! eper/erat &e"a*a p!t!# >at e*ip!ti $e*e*ahan, a*n!tri#i,
penya$it fi#i$, dan depre#i. Kriteria DSM-A-%5 !nt!$ $eadaan p!t!# a*$oho*
yait! E
A, en&hentian (ata! pen&!ran&an) pen&&!naan a*$oho* yan& #e/e*!nya /erat
dan /er$epan"an&an
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., D!a (ata! *e/ih) ha* /eri$!t, yan& ti/!* da*a /e/erapa "a #apai
/e/erapa hari #ete*ah $riteria E ‒ Bipera$ti7ita# otono (th, /er$erin&at ata! fre$!en#i deny!t "ant!n&
*e/ih dari 100) ‒ enin&$atan treor tan&an
‒ n#onia
‒ M!a* ata! !ntah ‒ Ba*!#ina#i ata! i*!#i 7i#!a*, ta$ti*, ata! a!ditori$ #e#aat
‒ &ita#i p#i$ootor
‒ n#ieta#
‒ Ke"an& grand mal
4, e"a*a pada $riteria enye/a/$an penderitaan ata! hendaya yan& #eara
$*ini# /era$na da*a f!ni #o#ia*, o$!pa#iona*, ata! area f!ni pentin&
*ain
D, e"a*a tida$ di#e/a/$an #!at! $ondi#i edi# !! dan tida$ *e/ih /ai$
diteran&$an o*eh &an&&!an enta* *ain.
%ent!$an apa$ah EDen&an &an&&!an per#ep#i
%anda $*a#i$ $eadaan p!t!# a*$oho* ada*ah &eetar. eetar (/ia#anya
di#e/!t +&onan&an ata! +&!&!p) !n!* 6 #apai F "a #ete*ah
pen&hentian in! dan de*iri! treen# #ete*ah 2 "a. Sindro p!t!# >at
ter$adan& e*opati !r!tan yan& /ia#a dan, ontohnya, *an!n& ter"adi D%.
%reor pada p!t!# a*$oho* dapat #er!pa den&an treor fi#io*o&i#. e"a*a
p!t!# >at *ain e*ip!ti irita/i*ita# !!, &e"a*a &a#trointe#tina* (ontohnya
!a* dan !ntah), dan hipera$ti7ita# otono #ipati#, tera#!$ an#ieta#,
arousal , /er$erin&at, !$a eerah, idria#i#, ta$i$ardia dan hiperten#i
rin&an. a#ien yan& en&a*ai p!t!# a*$oho* /ia#anya #eara !! wa#pada
tetapi dapat den&an !dah di$a&et$an.
!, Deli%ium
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DSM GA-%5 enant!$an $riteria dia&no#i# de*iri! a$i/at into$#i$a#i
a*$oho* da*a $ate&ori de*iri! a$i/at into$#i$a#i >at dan $riteria dia&no#i#
de*iri! pada $eadaan p!t!# a*$oho* da*a $ate&ori de*iri! pada p!t!# >at.
Kriteria dia&no#i# de*iri! a$i/at into$#i$a#i >at #e/a&ai /eri$!t E
A. Disturbance of consciousness (i.e., reduced clarity of awareness of the
environment) with reduced ability to focus, sustain, or shift attention.
B. A change in cognition (such asmemory deficit, disorientation, language
disturbance) or the development of a perceptual disturbance that is not
better acoounted for by preeisting, established, or evolving dementia.
!. "he disturbance develops over a short period of time (usually hours to
days) and tends to fluctuate during the course of the day.
D. "here is evidence from the history, physical eamination, or laboratory
findings or either (#) or ($) %
#) "he symptoms is !riteria A and B developed during substance
intoication
$) &edication use is etiologically related to the disturbance
Kriteria dia&no#i# de*iri! pada $eadaan p!t!# >at #e/a&ai /eri$!t E
A. Disturbance of consciousness (i.e., reduced clarity of awareness of the
environment) with reduced ability to focus, sustain, or shift attention.
B. A change in cognition (such asmemory deficit, disorientation, language
disturbance) or the development of a perceptual disturbance that is not
better acoounted for by preeisting, established, or evolving dementia.
!. "he disturbance develops over a short period of time (usually hours to
days) and tends to fluctuate during the course of the day.
D. "here is evidence from history, physical eamination, or laboratory
findings that the symptoms in criteria A and B developed during, or
shortly after, a withdrawal syndrome.
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5, Demensi* Pe%sis-en Te%in2u/si Al/#h#l
Kriteria dia&no#i# #e/a&ai /eri$!t E
A. "he development of multiple cognitive deficits manifested by both#) &emory impairment (impaired ability to learn new information or
to recall previously learned information)$) 'ne (or) more of the following cognitive disturbances %
a) Aphasia (language disturbance)
b) Apraia (impaired ability to carry out motor activities
despite intact motor function)
c) Agnosia (failure to recognie or identify obects despite
intact sensory function)
d) Disturbance in eecutive functioning (i.e. planning,
organiing, se*uencing, abstracting)
B. "he cognitive ddeficits in criteria A# and A$ each cause significant
impairment in social or occupational functioning and represent a
significant decline from a previous level of functioning
!. "he deficits do not occur eclusivel during the course of a delirium and
persist beyond the usual duration of substance intoication or withdrawal
D. "here is evidence from the history, physical eamination, or laboratory
findings that the deficits are etiologically related to the persisting effects
of substance use (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication).
(, G*nggu*n Amnes-i/ Pe%sis-en Te%in2u/si Al/#h#l
Kriteria dia&no#i# #e/a&ai /eri$!t E
A. "he development of memory impairment as manifested by impairment in
the ability to learn new information or the inability to recall previously
learned information B. "he memory disturbance causes significant impairment in social or
occupational functioning and represents a significant decline from a
previous level of functioning
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!. "he memory disturbance does not occur eclusively during the course of a
delirium or a dementia and persists beyond the usual duration of
substance intoication or withdrawal.
D. "here is evidence from the history, physical eamination, or laboratory
findings that the memory disturbance is etiologically related to persisting
effects of substance use (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication)
+, G*nggu*n Psi/#-i/ Te%in2u/si Al/#h#l
Kriteria dia&no#i# #e/a&ai /eri$!t E
A. +rominent hallucinations or delucions B. "here is evidence from the history, physical eamination, or laboratory
findings of either (#) or ($) %
#) "he symptoms in criterion A developed during, or within a month
of, substance intoication or withdrawal $) &edication use is etiologically related to the disturbance
!. "he disturbance is not better accounted for by a psychotic disorder that is
not substance induced. vidence that the symptoms are better accounted
for by a psychotic disorder that is not substance induced might include
following % the symptoms precede the onset of the substance use
(medication use) the symptoms persist for a substantial period time (e.g.,
about a month) after the cessation of acute withdrawal or severe
intoication, or are substantially in ecess of what would be epected
given the type or amount of the substance used or the duration of use or
there is other evidence that suggest te eistence of an independent non-
substance-induced psychotic D. "he disturbance does not occur eclusively during the course of a delirium
6, G*nggu*n M##2 Te%in2u/si Al/#h#l
Kriteria dia&no#i# #e/a&ai /eri$!t E A. A prominent and persistent disturbance in mood predominates in the
clinical picture ad is characteried by either (or both) of the following %
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#) Depressed mood or markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all,
or almost all, activities$) levated, epansive, or irritable mood
. "here is evidence from the history, physical eamination, or laboratory
findings of either (#) or ($) E
#) "he symptoms in criterion A developed during, or within a month
of, substance intoication or withdrawal
$) &edication use is etiologically related to the disturbance
!. "he disturbance is not better accounted for by mood disorder that is not
substance induced. vidence that the symptoms are better accounted for
by a mood disorder that is not substance induced might include following E
the symptoms precede the onset of the substance use (medication use) the
symptoms persist for a substantial period time (e.g., about a month) after
the cessation of acute withdrawal or severe intoication, or are
substantially in ecess of what would be epected given the type or amount
of the substance used or the duration of use or there is other evidence
that suggest te eistence of an independent non-substance-induced mood
disorder.
D. "he disturbance does not occur eclusively during the course of a
delirium
. "he symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social,
occupational, or other important areas of functioning
7, G*nggu*n Ansie-*s Te%in2u/si Al/#h#l
riteria diagnosis sebagai berikut %
A. +rominent aniety, panic attacks, or obsession or compulsions
predominate in the clinical picture
B. "here is evidence from the history, physical eamination, or laboratory
findings of either (#) or ($) %
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#) "he symptoms in criterion A developed during, or within a month
of, substance intoication or withdrawal $) &edication use is etiologically related to the disturbance
!. "he disturbance is not better accounted for by aniety disorder that is not
substance induced. vidence that the symptoms are better accounted for
by a aniety disorder that is not substance induced might include
following % the symptoms precede the onset of the substance use
(medication use) the symptoms persist for a substantial period time (e.g.,
about a month) after the cessation of acute withdrawal or severe
intoication, or are substantially in ecess of what would be epected
given the type or amount of the substance used or the duration of use or
there is other evidence that suggest te eistence of an independent non-
substance-induced aniety disorder. D. "he disturbance does not occur eclusively during the course of a delirium
. "he symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social,
occupational, or other important areas of functioning
8, Des1ungsi Se/su*l Te%in2u/si Al/#h#l
Kriteria dia&no#i# #e/a&ai /eri$!t E A. !linically significant seual dysfunction that results in marked distress or
interpersonal difficulty predominates in the clinical picture B. "here is evidence from the history, physical eamination, or laboratory
findings that seual dysfunction is fully eplained by substance use as
manifested by either (#) or ($) %
#) "he symptoms in criterion A developed during, or within a month
of, substance intoication
$) &edication use is etiologically related to the disturbance
!. "he disturbance is not better accounted for by seual dysfunction that is
not substance induced. vidence that the symptoms are better accounted
for by a seual dysfunction that is not substance induced might include
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following % the symptoms precede the onset of the substance use
(medication use) the symptoms persist for a substantial period time (e.g.,
about a month) after the cessation of acute withdrawal or severe
intoication, or are substantially in ecess of what would be epected
given the type or amount of the substance used or the duration of use or
there is other evidence that suggest te eistence of an independent non-
substance-induced seual dysfunction .
'", G*nggu*n Ti2u% Te%in2u/si Al/#h#l
Kriteria dia&no#i# #e/a&ai /eri$!t E
A. A prominent disturbance in sleep that is sufficiently severe to warrant
independent clinical attention
B. "here is evidence from the history, physical eamination, or laboratory
findings of either (#) or ($) %
#) "he symptoms in criterion A developed during, or within a month
of, substance intoication or withdrawal
$) &edication use is etiologically related to the sleep disturbance
!. "he disturbance is not better accounted for by sleep disorder that is not
substance induced. vidence that the symptoms are better accounted for
by a sleep disorder that is not substance induced might include following %
the symptoms precede the onset of the substance use (medication use) the
symptoms persist for a substantial period time (e.g., about a month) after
the cessation of acute withdrawal or severe intoication, or are
substantially in ecess of what would be epected given the type or amount
of the substance used or the duration of use or there is other evidence
that suggest te eistence of an independent non-substance-induced sleep
disorder
D. "he disturbance does not occur eclusively during the course of a delirium
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'. "he symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social,
occupational, or other important areas of functioning
'', G*nggu*n Te%/*i- Penggun**n Al/#h#l 9*ng T*/ Te%g#l#ng/*n
Kriteria dia&no#i# #e/a&ai /eri$!t E
"he alcohol-related disorder not otherwise specified category is for disorders
associated with the use of alcohol that are not classifiable as alcohol dependence,
alcohol abuse, alcohol intoication delirium, alcohol withdrawal delirium,
alcohol-induced persisting dementia, alcohol-induced persisting amnestic
disorder, alcohol-induced psychotic disorder, alcohol-induced mood disorder,
alcohol-induced aniety disorder, alcohol-induced seual dysfunction, or alcohol-
induced sleep disorder.
A. %%KS
. nter7en#i
%!"!an pada tahap ini, yan& di#e/!t "!&a $onfronta#i, ada*ah e!t!# ra#a
penyan&$a*an dan e/ant! pa#ien en&ena* $on#e$!en#i #ipan& yan& a$an
ter"adi "i$a &an&&!an ini tida$ dio/ati. nter7en#i, #e/a&ai #!at! pro#e#, /ert!"!an
ea$#ia*$an oti7a#i terapi dan a/#tinen#i /er$e*an"!tan.
Ke*!ar&a dapat #an&at e/ant! da*a inter7en#i. n&&ota $e*!ar&a
har!# /e*a"ar !nt!$ tida$ e*ind!n&i pa#ien dari a#a*ah yan& di#e/a/$an
a*$oho*@ /i*a tida$, pa#ien !n&$in tida$ ap! en&!p!*$an ener&y dan
oti7a#i yan& diper*!$an !nt!$ /erhenti in!. Se*aa tahap inter7en#i,
$e*!ar&a "!&a dapat enyaran$an pa#ien !nt!$ ene!i oran& yan& te*ah
#e/!h dari a*$oho*i#e, dan $e*opo$ pend!$!n& a*$oho*. Ke*opo$
pend!$!n& !nt!$ $e*!ar&a ter#e/!t /erte! pada /anya$ $e#epatan da*a #at!
in&&! dan e/ant! an&&ota $e*!ar&a #erta tean !nt!$ e*ihat /ahwa ere$a
tida$ #endiri da*a ra#a ta$!t, $hawatir dan ra#a /er#a*ah. ara an&&ota /er/a&i
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#trate&i penye*e#aian a#a*ah dan e/ant! #at! #aa *ain !nt!$ ene!$an
#!/er di $o!nita#. Ke*opo$ ter#e/!t dapat #an&at /er&!na da*a e/ant!
an&&ota $e*!ar&a e/an&!n $e/a*i hid!p ere$a, /ah$an /i*a a*$oho*i$
ter#e/!t eno*a$ !nt!$ enari /ant!an.
. Deto$#ifi$a#i
Se/a&ian /e#ar oran& den&an $eter&ant!n&an a*$oho* ei*i$i &e"a*a
yan& re*atif rin&an /i*a ere$a /erhenti in!. Ji$a $e#ehatan pa#ien re*atif /ai$,
n!tri#i ade$!at, dan ei*i$i #i#te d!$!n&an #o#ia* yan& /ai$, #indro p!t!#
depre#an /ia#anya er!pai $a#!# f*! rin&an.
an&$ah pentin& pertaa deto$#ifi$a#i ada*ah peeri$#aan fi#i$
enye*!r!h. i*a tida$ ada &an&&!an edi# #eri!# ata! penya*ah&!naan o/at
&a/!n&an, $eadaan p!t!# a*$oho* yan& /erat "aran& ter"adi. an&$ah $ed!a ada*ah
e/eri i#tirahat, n!tri#i ade$!at, dan 7itain !*tipe*, ter!taa en&and!n&
tiain.
?. 5eha/i*ita#i
a&i #e/a&ian /e#ar pa#ien, reha/i*ita#i ena$!p ti&a $oponen !taa
yait! E (1) !paya /er$e*an"!tan !nt!$ enin&$at$an dan epertahan$an $adar
oti7a#i a/#tinen#i yan& tin&&i, (2) /e$er"a e/ant! pa#ien enye#!ai$an
$e/a*i $e &aya hid!p /e/a# a*$oho*, dan (3) pene&ahan re*ap#. O*eh $arena
*an&$ah ini di*a$#ana$an da*a $onte$# #indro p!t!# >at dan $ri#i# hid!p yan&
a$!t dan /er*ar!t-*ar!t, penan&anan e/!t!h$an pre#enta#i /er!*an& ateri
#er!pa yan& en&in&at$an pa#ien pentin&nya a/#tinen#i #erta yan& e/ant!
pa#ien en&e/an&$an #i#te pend!$!n& dari hari $e hari dan &aya penye*e#aian
a#a*ah yan& /ar!.ende$atan penan&anan !! yan& #aa di&!na$an pada #it!a#i rawat
inap dan rawat "a*an. ei*ihan etode rawat inap yan& inten#if dan *e/ih aha*
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#erin& $a*i /er&ant!n& pada /!$ti adanya #indro p#i$iatri ata! edi# yan& /erat,
tida$ adanya $e*opo$ dan fa#i*ita# rawat "a*an yan& de$at dan #e#!ai, #erta
riwayat pa#ien &a&a* pada perawatan rawat "a*an. ro#e# penan&anan pada #it!a#i
anap!n ena$!p inter7en#i, optia*i#a#i f!ni fi#i$ dan p#i$o*o&i#,
enin&$at$an oti7a#i, en"an&$a! $e*!ar&a, dan en&&!na$an 2 #apai 4
in&&! pertaa perawatan #e/a&ai periode inten#if perto*on&an.
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$a*i #ein&&! #e*aa 2 #apai 4 in&&! pertaa, dii$!ti !paya yan&
tida$ ter*a*! inten#if, !n&$in #e$a*i #ein&&!, #e*aa 3 #apai 6 /!*an
#e*an"!tnya.
Se/a&ian /e#ar $on#e*in& di&!na$an !nt!$ e/aha# /a&aiana
e/ent!$ &aya hid!p yan& /e/a# a*$oho*. Di#$!#i e*ip!ti $e/!t!han
a$an $e*opo$ #e/aya !an& tida$ a/!$, renana aara #o#ia* dan
re$rea#iona* tanpa in!-in!, dan pende$atan !nt!$ en&ada$an
$e/a*i $o!ni$a#i den&an an&&ota $e*!ar&a dan tean.
Koponen !taa $eti&a, pene&ahan re*ap#, pertaa
en&identifi$a#i #it!a#i den&an re#i$o re*ap# tin&&i. Kon#e*or har!#
e/ant! pa#ien en&e/an&$an etode penye*e#aian a#a*ah yan&
dapat di&!na$an /i*a ra#a $eta&ihan a*$oho* enin&$at ata! /i*a ada
peri#tiwa ata! $eadaan eo#iona* yan& e/!at $eender!n&an !nt!$
$e/a*i in!-in!. a&ian pentin& pene&ahan re*ap# ada*ah
en&in&at$an pa#ien tentan& #i$ap yan& tepat terhadap $e#a*ahan.
en&a*aan "an&$a pende$ den&an a*$oho* tida$ dapat di&!na$an #e/a&ai
a*a#an !nt!$ $e/a*i $e $e/ia#aan in!-in!.
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Ji$a deto$#ifi$a#i te*ah di#e*e#ai$an dan pa#ien /!$an tera#! 10
#apai 18 per#en a*$oho*i$ yan& ei*i$i &an&&!an mood , #$i>ofrenia,
ata! &an&&!an an#ieta# independen, hanya #edi$it /!$ti yan& end!$!n&
pe/erian o/at p#i$otropi$a !nt!$ penan&anan a*$oho*i#e. Kadar
an#ieta# dan in#onia yan& a#ih enetap #e/a&ai /a&ian rea$#i terhadap
#tre# $ehid!pan dan a/#tinen#i ean"an& #e/ai$nya ditan&ani den&an
pende$atan odifi$a#i peri*a$! dan penentraan. e/erian o/at-o/atan
!nt!$ &e"a*a ini (tera#!$ /en>odia>epine) ender!n& $ehi*an&an
efe$ti7ita# *e/ih epat di/andin& $ehi*an&an in#onia@ den&an dei$ian,
pa#ien dapat enin&$at$an do#i# dan en&a*ai a#a*ah #e*an"!tnya.
Dei$ian "!&a, $e#edihan dan ood #win dapat enetap pada $adar
rendah #e*aa /e/erapa /!*an. a!n, !"i $*ini# ter$ontro*
en&indi$a#i$an tida$ ada anfaat da*a e/eri$an o/at antidepre#an
ata! *ithi! !nt!$ en&o/ati rata-rata oran& a*$oho*i$ yan& tida$
ei*i$i &an&&!an p#i$iatri independen ata! "an&$a pan"an&. an&&!an
mood a$an en&hi*an& #e/e*! o/at en!n"!$$an efe$ dan pa#ien yan&
$e/a*i in! #aat da*a pen&o/atan en&hadapi /ahaya poten#ia* yan&
#i&nifi$an. Den&an #edi$it ata! tida$ ada /!$ti /ahwa o/at /er#ifat efe$tif,
/ahaya pen&&!naan #eara r!tin e*apa!i $e!nt!n&an yan& !n&$in
didapat.Sat! $e!n&$inan pen&e!a*ian terhadap pe*aran&an pen&&!naan
o/at ada*ah a&en pen#en#iti#a#i a*$oho* di#!*fira. Di#!*fira di/eri$an
da*a do#i# harian 280& #e/e*! pa#ien dip!*an&$an dari fa#e inten#if
pertaa reha/i*ita#i rawat "a*an ata! perawatan rawat inap. %!"!annya
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ada*ah enepat$an pa#ien da*a $ondi#i diana "i$a pa#ien in!
a*$oho* a$an epre#ipita#i rea$#i fi#i$ yan& tida$ enyenan&$an,
tera#!$ !a*, !ntah, #erta ra#a ter/a$ar di wa"ah dan *a/!n&.
D!a inter7en#i fara$o*o&i# ta/ahan yan& en"an"i$an te*ah
dite*iti. ;an& pertaa e*i/at$an anta&oni# opioid na*tre$#on, yan&
#etida$nyaa #eara teoreti# dian&&ap !n&$in en!r!n$an $eta&ihan
a*$oho* ata! en!p!*$an efe$ enyenan&$an dari in!an a*$oho*.
O/at $ed!a yan& enari$ inat, a$apro#at di&!na$an pada do#i# #e$itar
2.000 & per hari. Me$ani#e $er"a a$apro#at /e*! di$etah!i, tapi
!n&$in /e$er"a *an!n& ata! tida$ *an!n& pada re#eptor ata!
-eti*-D-a#partat, den&an efe$ yan& en&&an&&! ter"adinya to*eran#i
ata! dependen#i fi#i$ terhadap a*$oho*.O/at *ain yan& en"an"i$an da*a penan&anan a*$oho*i#e ada*ah
o/at anti an#ieta# non-/en>odia>epine /!#piron e#$i efe$ o/at ini
terhadap reha/i*ita#i a*$oho* tida$ $on#i#ten antar pene*itian. a!n,
tida$ ada /!$ti /ahwa o/at anti depre#an #eperti inhi/itor reuptake
#erotonin #e*e$tif (SS5), *ithi!, ata! o/at anti p#i$oti$ #eara #i&nifi$an
#e*e$tif da*a penan&anan a*$oho*i#e.
3. *oho*i nonyo!# (Ke*opo$ Swa ant!)
n&&ota $e*opo$ ini enyedia$an /ant!an 24 "a #ehari,
terh!/!n& den&an $e*opo$ #e/aya yan& tida$ in!, /e*a"ar /ahwa ia
!n&$in dapat /erparti#ipa#i da*a f!ni #o#ia* tanpa in!, #erta
di/eri$an ode* pe!*ihan den&an en&aati penapaian an&&ota
$e*opo$ yan& tida$ a/!$. e/e*a"aran #eperti ini /ia#anya di!*ai
#aat reha/i*ita#i rawat inap ata! rawat "a*an.
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KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
. Kesim3ul*n
an&&!an ter$ait a*$oho* er!pa$an #!at! &an&&!an yan& diti/!*$an dari $on#!#i
a*$oho* yan& /er*e/ihan yan& eni/!*$an per!/ahan $e#adaran, peri*a$!, dan &e"a*a
into$#i$a#i. re7a*en#i pend!d!$ ndone#ia !!r 18 tah!n $e ata# yan& in! a*$oho* 1 /!*an
tera$hir 4,9: pada *a$i-*a$i, 0,3: pada perep!an dan 2,8: pada $ed!anya. re7a*en#i
pend!d!$ per$otaan yan& in! a*$oho* tertin&&i pada pro7in#i 5ia!, ;o&ya$arta, Jawa %i!r,
anten, Ka*iantan Se*atan, ap!a arat dan ap!a. re7a*en#i pend!d!$ pede#aan yan& in!
a*$oho* tertin&&i pada pro7in#i S!atera
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enan&anan dapat di/eri$an /er!pa inter7en#i, deto$#ifi$a#i, dan reha/i*ita#i yan& terdiri dari
pe/erian edi$a#i, $on#e*in& dan $e*opo$ #wa /ant!.
. S*%*n
• ene*itian en&enai pre7a*en#i pend!d!$ yan& $on#!#i a*$oho* /e*! eadai
#ehin&&a di tah!n-tah!n endatan& dapat di*a$!$an pene*itian ter#e/!t.
• re7a*en#i &an&&!an ter$ait a*$oho* di ndone#ia /e*! eadai #ehin&&a per*!
di*a$!$an pendataan yan& *e/ih /ai$ *a&i.
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D%5
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