PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS IN CHILDREN
Ms. Devangi Sharma NF.Y M.Sc(N)
CHILDREN ARE VULNERABLE TO INJURY
Natural curiosity Investigative, Impulsive, ImpatientLess careful,hyperactiveDrive to test on new master skillsAttempted activities before
developmental readinessSelf-assertion and challenges to rulesDesire for peer approval
DEFINATIONWHO defined…
An accident is an event, independent of human will caused by outside force acting rapidly and resulting in physical or mental injury.
Contd…
Accident is defined an unexpected , unplanned occurrence which may involve injury.
Unpremeditated event resulting in recognizable damage.
Occurrence in sequence of events which usually produces uninteded injury, death or property damage.
INJURYIt is an intentional/unintentional damage to body due to exposure to an external agent which can be thermal, mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy or agent.
CHILDREN ARE AT GREATER RISK Children live in a world built for adults: strong association
between injuries his age, developmental stage his interactions and activities with/in the world lack of supervision, access to protective materials
Simply reproducing injury strategies for adults may not be effective for children
World becomes dangerous for them: cleaning chemicals, outlets, ovens, sharp corners, kerosene lamps, bodies of water, traffic, etc.
CHILDHOOD ACCIDENTSLeading cause of death and disability in children and young adults
More than 5 million deaths per year worldwide
Lack of global attention to childhood injuries
Leading cause of death in children over 1 year
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
< 1 year 1 - 4 years > 5 years
SIDSCongenital anomalyInfectonNeoplasmsAccidents
INCIDENCE
TYPES OF ACCIDENTS
COMMON ACCIDENTAL INJURY AND ITS PREVENTION IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUP
INFANTS
Cuts
Falls
Burns
Suffocation Ingestion
PREVENTION
Never Keep Alone
Small Tiny Toys
Electrical Appliances
Avoid Solid
Food Items
Keep Away
Stove, fire etc.
Contd…Never leave an infant alone on cot/table/ any unprotected place to prevent fall.Never give very small things to child.Toys should not have removable small parts which can be aspirated or put into ear or nose.Never feed solids which are difficult to swallow /chew.
Contd…Coins .buttons. beads,marbles must not be left within child’s reach.Keep the stove or fire source and hot things far away from child.Electrical appliances should be kept out of reach.Never leave the infant near water tub or pond and never go out alone.
TODDLERS
Aspiratio
n
Thermal
Falling
Electrocutio
n Drowning
PREVENTIONAvoid
Negative Words
Supervise
Constant
ly
Harmfu
l Agents
Clothing
Floor
Contd…
Give proper directions for certain activity.Keep constant supervision.Keep harmful substances like hot things, drugs, poisons,kerosene oils. electrical appliances,sharp objects etc. out of child’s reach.Give adequate instructions to the care taker to look after the child and follow proper precautions. provide safe playmaterials.Floor should not be slippery.
Furniture should be placed firmly to prevent falls.
Child should not be allowed to play with cord, plastic bags or pillow to avoid suffocation.
Electric switch shoul be out of child’s reach.
Contd…
ADOLOSCEN
T Sport Injury
Instrument Injury
Road Traffic Accident
Electric current
PREVENTION
Constant Supervisi
on Guidance
Training
Safe
Environm
ent
Education
Contd…Teach for safety precautions with fire,electricity,sharp materials etc.Teach the child for swimming.Encourage the playing in safe places to and keep a keen supervision.Discourage the children flying kite from open roofs and terrace.Teach the child for the road safety and zebra crossing and traffic rules.Never leave the child alone in a car with the ‘keys’.
NURSES ROLE
Time
Fore Thought
Discipline
Forethought –The anticipation of possible risk of accidents to the child.
Time- Sufficient time should be given on the child to keep a keen supervision.Discipline- Should be maintained at home to prevent accidental hazards.
Three main things should be followed are:
:
Health EducationProvision of safe enviormentSafe child care and prevent the accidental hazards Assist in medical care to prevent the disabilityTake public health measures to prevent road traffic accidents: teach traffic rules,implement policies etc.Participate in policy making nd research activities in accident prevention.
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
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THANK YOU
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