Scenic byway
A Introductory Study on the Developmentof Scenic Byway
2007. 6
( )
(CIP)
Scenic byway / .--. -- : , 2007 113p. ; 26. -- ( ; 2007-7)
1. 2. 3. ISBN 978-89-8351-139-3-93980 :
989.11-KDC 912.519-DDC
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2 Scenic byway 7 1 Scenic byway 9 1. Scenic byway 9 2. Scenic byway 9 3. Scenic byway 9 4. Scenic byway 10 5. 11 6. 12 7. 13 2 Scenic byway 13 1. 13 2. 17 3. 18 4. 20 5. 21 6. Scenic byway 22
Scenic byway
- ii -
3 Scenic byway 33 1 35 1. () 35 2. () 36 3. 37 2 Scenic byway 38 1. Scenic byway 39 2. Scenic byway 39 3. Resource-Center 40 3 () 40
4 Scenic byway 43 1 45 2 46 3 Scenic byway 61 1. 61 2. Scenic byway 70
5 Scenic byway 75 1 Scenic byway 77 2 Scenic byway DB 77
6 83 1 85 2 87
91 : 93
- iii -
(4- 1) 45(4- 2) Scenic byway () 46(4- 3) Scenic byway () 47(4- 4) Scenic byway () 48(4- 5) Scenic byway () 49(4- 6) 50(4- 7) 51(4- 8) Scenic byway 52(4- 9) 53(4-10) 54(4-11) () 55(4-12) 56(4-13) 56(4-14) 58(4-15) 58(4-16) 59(4-17) 59(4-18) 60(4-19) 70(5- 1) 78
Scenic byway
- iv -
(1- 1) 5(2- 1) Scenic byway 10(2- 2) Scenic byway Scenic byway 12(4- 1) Scenic byway () 46(4- 2) Scenic byway () 47(4- 3) Scenic byway () 48(4- 4) Scenic byway () 49(4- 5) 50(4- 6) 51(4- 7) Scenic byway 52(4- 8) 53(4- 9) 54(4-10) () 55(4-11) 56(4-12) 57(4-13) 57(4-14) 58(4-15) 59(4-16) 60(4-17) 60(4-18) 72(4-19) 72(5- 1) () 81
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highway , ,
58km .
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1994 .
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- 41 -
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.
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pearl-line .
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byway . 2006 2 ,
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- 45 -
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(4-1)
Scenic byway ()
:
:
2007. 4. 1013
: 493 : 197 : 184 : 112
Scenic byway
- 46 -
2 , Scenic byway
.
Scenic byway .
.
(4-2) Scenic byway ()
132 26.8 103 20.9 200 40.6 58 11.8 493 100
305 61.9 67 13.6 94 19.1 27 5.5 493 100
331 67.1 69 14 40 8.1 53 10.8 493 100
294 59.6 61 12.4 134 27.2 4 0.8 493 100
295 59.8 55 11.2 133 27 10 2 493 100
332 67.3 76 15.4 72 14.6 13 2.6 493 100
26.8
20.9
40.6
11.8
61.9
13.6
19.1
5.5
67.1
14
8.1
10.8
59.6
12.4
27.2
0.8
59.8
11.2
27
2
67.3
15.4
14.6
2.6
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
(4-1) Scenic byway ()
4 Scenic byway
- 47 -
Scenic byway
.
(4-3) Scenic byway ()
42 21.3 48 24.4 93 47.2 14 7.1 197 100
114 57.9 33 16.8 37 18.8 13 6.6 197 100
143 72.6 28 14.2 15 7.6 11 5.6 197 100
48 24.4 43 21.8 103 52.3 3 1.5 197 100
64 32.5 31 15.7 95 48.2 7 3.6 197 100
95 48.2 53 26.9 46 23.4 3 1.5 197 100
21.3
24.4
47.2
7.1
57.9
16.8
18.8
6.6
72.6
14.2
7.65.6
24.4
21.8
52.3
1.5
32.5
15.7
48.2
3.6
48.2
26.9
23.4
1.5
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
(4-2) Scenic byway ()
Scenic byway
- 48 -
(4-4) Scenic byway ()
43 23.4 37 20.1 72 39.1 32 17.4 184 100
127 69 18 9.8 32 17.4 7 3.8 184 100
115 62.5 21 11.4 14 7.6 34 18.5 184 100
171 92.9 4 2.2 8 4.3 1 0.5 184 100
147 79.9 14 7.6 20 10.9 3 1.6 184 100
153 83.2 6 3.3 17 9.2 8 4.3 184 100
23.4
20.1
39.1
17.4
69
9.8
17.4
3.8
62.5
11.4
7.6
18.5
92.9
2.24.30.5
79.9
7.6
10.91.6
83.2
3.39.24.3
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
(4-3) Scenic byway ()
4 Scenic byway
- 49 -
(4-5) Scenic byway ()
47 42 18 16.1 35 31.3 12 10.7 112 100
64 57.1 16 14.3 25 22.3 7 6.3 112 100
73 65.2 20 17.9 11 9.8 8 7.1 112 100
75 67 14 12.5 23 20.5 0 0 112 100
84 75 10 8.9 18 16.1 0 0 112 100
84 75 17 15.2 9 8 2 1.8 112 100
42
16.1
31.3
10.7
57.1
14.3
22.3
6.3
65.2
17.9
9.8
7.1
67
12.5
20.5
0
75
8.9
16.1
0
75
15.2
81.8
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
(4-4) Scenic byway ()
,
.
Scenic byway ,
, .
Scenic byway
- 50 -
, , 80%
.
46.7%
, 34.5%. ,
80% .
(4-6)
( ) 230 46.7
170 34.5 TV 50 10.1
36 7.3 7 1.4 493 100.0
, 7.3% , 1.4%
TV ,10.1%
, 34.5%
(
), 46.7%
(4-5)
,
32.7% .
4 Scenic byway
- 51 -
(4-7)
99 20.1
, 112 22.7 108 21.9
161 32.7 13 2.6 493 100.0
, ,
32.7%
, 2.6%
,
21.9%
, ,
22.7%
, 20.1%
(4-6)
Scenic byway ,
,
,
.
, , ,
,
55% .
, 4.3% .
Scenic byway
- 52 -
(4-8) Scenic byway
71 14.4
202 41.0
88 17.8
109 22.1
21 4.3
2 0.4
493 100.0
, 0.4% , 22.1%
,4.3%
, 17.8%
,
41.0%
,14.4%
(4-7) Scenic byway
, , Scenic byway
.
24.5% , , 23.4%,
22.9% .
4 Scenic byway
- 53 -
(4-9) ()
324 23.4
317 22.9
78 5.6
339 24.5
98 7.1
155 11.2
31 2.2
34 2.5
7 0.5
1383 100.0
,23.4%
,22.9%
, 5.6%
,7.1%
, ,
24.5%
, 11.2%
, 0.5%, ,
2.5%, 2.2%
(4-8) ()
23.1% . ,
14.9%
.
Scenic byway
- 54 -
(4-10) ()
222 15.7
194 13.7
85 6.0
214 15.1
210 14.9
113 8.0
326 23.1
39 2.8
10 0.7
1413 100.0
,15.7%
,13.7%
, 6.0%,
14.9%,
,15.1%
, 8.0%
, 0.7%, ,
2.8%, 23.1%
(4-9) ()
,
() ,
32.3% .
4 Scenic byway
- 55 -
(4-11) ()
() 320 64.9
() 159 32.3
14 2.8
493 100.0
, 2.8%(),32.3%
(),64.9%
(4-10) ()
5
3 , ()
, 76.1% .
, 5 ,
,
, Scenic byway
.
Scenic byway
- 56 -
(4-12)
375 76.1 118 23.9 493 100.0
, 76.1%
, 23.9%
(4-11)
4-10
, 46.2%
.
.
(4-13)
118 23.9 147 29.8 228 46.2 493 100.0
4 Scenic byway
- 57 -
, 46.2
, 29.8
, 23.9
(4-12)
,
.
, 46.2%
, 53.8%
(4-13)
Scenic byway
- 58 -
(4-14)
228 46.2
265 53.8
493 100.0
(4-15)
17-19 30 6.1
20 219 44.4
30 71 14.4
40 103 20.9
50 70 14.2
493 100.0
40, 20.9%
50 , 14.2%
30, 14.4% 20, 44.4%
17-19, 6.1%
(4-14)
4 Scenic byway
- 59 -
(4-16)
200 103 20.9
300 196 39.8
400 119 24.1
500 51 10.3
600 8 1.6
700 6 1.2
800 10 2.0
493 100.0
800 , 2.0%700 , 1.2%
500 ,10.3%
600 , 1.6%
400 ,24.1% 300 ,39.8%
200 ,20.9%
(4-15)
(4-17)
335 68.0
158 32.0
493 100.0
Scenic byway
- 60 -
,32.0%
,68.0%
(4-16)
(4-18)
211 42.8 282 57.2
493 100.0
,42.8%
,57.2%
(4-17)
4 Scenic byway
- 61 -
3 Scenic byway 1. 11)1) (Aggregate Model)
(Disaggregate Model) ,
,
(Disaggregate
Behavioral Model) (Individual Choice Model) .
, 0, 1
(Discrete Choice Model)
.
. , ?
? ?
,
. 4
,
.
(Zone)
,
? .
11), 5 , , 2004,
Scenic byway
- 62 -
.
Random
. i (Utility: U i)'
() ( S i) ,
.
Random . 1 2
n 2 1 1 2
1 .
U 1 U 2 --------------------------------------------(1)
U 1 : 1 , U 2 : 2
U i n 2 1
P 1n 2 .
P 1n= P r [ U 1 U 2 ]------------------------------------(2)
P 1n : n 1
P r [ U 1 U 2 ] : 1 2
U i V i,
i , ,
U i (3) .
U i= V i+ i --------------------------------------------(3)
U i : i
4 Scenic byway
- 63 -
V i : ,
i :
(3) (2) (4) .
P 1n= P r [ U 1 U 2 ]= P r [ V 1+ 1 V 2+ 2 ]
= P r [ V 1- V 2 1- 2 ] --------------------------(4)
2) (Logit) Logit (4) V 1- V 2 ()
. 1
1- 2 . 1, 2
.
,
.
i (Weibull) .
.
i (Probit)
(Logit) .
n i, j i (5)
.
P in=exp ( V i )
exp ( V i )+ exp ( V j ) ----------------------------(5)
, V i (6) .
V i= 1 X i1+ 2 X i2+ 3 X i3+ k X ik ------------------(6)
Scenic byway
- 64 -
V i = i
X ik = i k
k = i k
(5) (Binary Logit Model)
i (7)
(Multinomial Logit Model) .
P in=exp ( V in )
j A n
exp( V jn ),( i A n ) -----------------------------(7)
A n : n
P in : n i( i=1, , I n)
V in : n i
, (IIA: Independence of Irrelevent
Alternative Property) .
. , IIA
.
3)
(Regression), (Discriminant Analysis),
(Maximum Likelihood Estimation)
.
(Regression)
8 .
4 Scenic byway
- 65 -
P in= 1 X i1n+ 2 X i2n+ 3 X i3n++ k X ikn ------------(8)
P in = n i
k = k
X ikn = i k n
, .
.
(Discriminant Analysis)
9 .
Z in= 1 X i1n+ 2 X i2n+ 3 X i3n++ k X ikn -----------(9)
Z in : i n
X ikn : i n k
k : k
.
(Maximum Likelihood Estimation)
.
Scenic byway
- 66 -
A n, N , in
n i 1, 0 n
1n , , in , , jn 10 .
P 1n1n P 2n2n P
inin P
jnjn =
i A nP
inin ----------------------(10)
1, , n, , N L ,
11 .
L= N
n= 1i A n
P inin ----------------------------------------(11)
.
log 12
L * .
L *= logL= N
n=1i A n
in log P inin -----------------------(12)
k 0 .
L 2 2L
( k ) 2
. 13 k
.
2L
( k ) 20 , L
*
k =0 --------------------------(13)
, k()
. Newton-Raphson,
DFP(Davidson-Fletcher-Powell), BFGS(Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb), BHHH
4 Scenic byway
- 67 -
(Berndt-Hall-Hall-Hausman), SteDes(Steepest Descent) -
Limdep default .
4)
. (Goodness of Fit)
, , .
(-) .
.
t-value t
. t-value 0
, 95% () t 1.96, 99%
() 2.58 1.5
.
2
2 .
2 (Likelihood Ratio Test) (14) .
2=-2 [L(0)-L()] --------------------------------(14)
L(0) : 0
L( ) :
2 K( ) 2
. , 2
Scenic byway
- 68 -
2 () .
R 2()
R 2 2 (15) .
2= 1- L( )L(0) ---------------------------------------(15)
R 2 1.0 , 2 R 2
, 2 0.2 0.4 .
2
(16) 2 .
2= 1-L( )/
N
n=1( I n-1)-K
L(0)/ N
n=1( I n-1)
-------------------------(16)
I n : n
K :
N : ( )
Ben-Akiva Lerman .
. , (Restricted Model-) (Un-
restricted Model-)
2 17 .
2=-2 [L( R)-L( U)] ----------------------------(17)
4 Scenic byway
- 69 -
(= K U - K R )
L( R ) : ( R)
L( U) : ( U)
K R :
K U :
(17) 2 .
.
2. Scenic byway Scenic byway Scenic byway
.
Scenic byway
.
,
, , ,
, (=1, =0), ,
, (=1, =0), (=1, =0)
.
Scenic byway
- 70 -
(4-19)
t -1.113403 -1.396533 *
-0.034621 -1.471932 * 0.002689 0.087451 -0.032533 -0.465293 0.099430 1.580168 * -0.078722 -1.239951 0.026785 0.303687
0.005876 2.582563 *** 0.745807 3.168896 ***
-0.021659 -0.088153 -0.035197 -3.354512 ***
0.001335 1.410582 * 0.423250 1.454643 * 0.368633 1.183235
L(o) -341.722L() -249.207 0.2707
Adjusted 0.2298) *** 0.01
** 0.05 * 0.1
0.20.4
, 0.2707, Adjusted 0.2298
.
, (-) ,
,
(+) .
. ,
.
0.01
4 Scenic byway
- 71 -
.
.
(-)
, (-)
. (+)
, ,
.
,
. 30 , 70%
,
. Scenic byway ,
,
.
,
1 47% , 3 80%
. 1 3 33% ,
Scenic byway
- 72 -
()
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300
()
(4-18)
()
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
()
(4-19)
4 Scenic byway
- 73 -
5
, . ,
4 90% ,
. , 4 ,
Scenic byway .
5 Scenic byway
1 Scenic byway 2 Scenic byway DB
5 Scenic byway
- 77 -
5 Scenic byway 1 Scenic byway Scenic byway
. Scenic byway
.
?
.
. ()
()()
. ,
.
Scenic byway
Scenic byway .
,
.
2 Scenic byway DB Scenic byway
. ,
, .
.
.
, .
Scenic byway
- 78 -
(5-1)
12 VR Q&A
2006
8
Q&A
5 Scenic byway
- 79 -
VR Q&A
8
VR E-Book WallPaper
12
38
Scenic byway
- 80 -
5-1
. ,
.
Scenic byway DB
, , ,
.
,
, Scenic byway
DB .
Scenic byway . ,
, DB
.
, Scenic byway , (
) , 5-1 .
DB
. ,
.
,
,
.
.
- 81 -
(5-1) ()
6
1 2
6
- 85 -
6 1 Scenic byway , ,
,
Scenic point
Scenic byway .
Scenic byway 1927 Scenic byway
, Scenic byway
,
, Scenic byway
Scenic byway .
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.
5
, . ,
, ,
. 5
.
Scenic byway , Scenic byway
Scenic byway .
Scenic byway
.
,
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- 86 -
Scenic byway
Scenic byway ,
,
. Scenic
byway ,
, .
, Scenic byway
, ,
24.5% , ,
23.4%22.9% .
23.1% .
, 14.9%
.
, 5
3 , ()
76.1% .
, 5 ,
,
, Scenic byway
.
, Scenic byway
.
,
. ,
, ,
, , ,
.
6
- 87 -
, ,
. 30 70%
,
. , Scenic byway , ,
,
.
, , 1
47% , 3 80% .
5
,
Scenic byway .
, Scenic byway
. Scenic byway DB
,
, DB
.
, Scenic byway ,
Scenic point Scenic
byway DB .
2 ,
,
,
.
, Scenic byway
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- 88 -
. Scenic point
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.
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,
.
, ,
.
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byway ,
.
- 91 -
[]
, , 2007.
, , , 2005.
, 5 , , 2004.
, , , 2004.
, , 2003.
, , 2002.
, , , 1997.
, , 1995.
, Scenic byway, 2007.
Takeshi CHISHAKI, Scenic way project, () , 2006.
http://www.mlit.go.jp/sogoseisaku/kanko/koudoukeikaku.htm
, http://www.greentech.or.jp
www.infogogo.com
( /), 2005.
- 95 -
Scenic byway()
?
, Scenic byway()
.
Scenic byway()
,
.
, 13(
)
.
.
. .
: 055-239-0113 : 055-239-0121
2007. 4.
Scenic byway
- 96 -
Scenic byway
Scenic byway ()()() Scenic byway .
.
1. ( )2. ? ( )3. scenic byway() .
.
()
( )
3-1 3-2 3-3
()
( )
3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-6
4. . ( , )
() ()
()
()
1 2 3 4
- 97 -
5. .
?
( : )
1 1 302
2 30 3
(, )
1 1 302
2 30 3
(, )
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7. ? ( )
8. ( ) , ?
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9. , 3 . ( , , ) / ( , , )
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11. 1 ? 6( 1 ) 5 ( )
12. () , () ?() () ( )
13. , (), () ? ?
13-1 () ?
13-2 () ?
14. ?
15. ? 17-19 20 30 40 50 60
16. ?
17. ? ( )
18. ?200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
19 ?
20. ?
. !!!
Scenic byway 2007 6 25 2007 6 31
152(:641-060) 152 Joongang-ro, Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-060 Tel(055)239-0113. Fax(055)266-2079# #Homepage : www.gndi.re.kr ISBN 978-89-8351-139-3-93980
. . .
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