55 陳冠博62 陳夢蝶
指導老師 : 周淑娥助教 : 徐永強
Mental Deterioration/ Dementia Age related= 10% at age 65, 35% at age 85 Symptoms:
Confusion Memory loss + can’t acquire new memories Language breakdown Unable to recognize people>
Suspicion + Hostility Gradual loss of function (motor) > difficulty speaking,
swallowing and walking
Hippocampus
Patient’s brain tissues have decreased number of neurons and synapse.
Plaques : abnormal proteins that form between neurons
tangles : irregular proteins that form within the neurons
APP
α andβSecretase
α and γSecretase
Aβ40
Aβ42
Easily dissociate
Easily dissociate
Plaques
Difficult to dissociate
Difficult to dissociate
Neuron’s transport system collapse
Microtubules disintegrate
Form neurofibrillary tangles inside nerve cell bodies
Hyperphosphrylate tau pairs with other tau
Neuron’s transport system collapse
Axonal transport disruptions
Age-related myelin breakdown
Microtubules disintegrate
Neuron deaths Shrinkage of tissue Hard to identify while alive Postmortem(屍檢 ) finding can identify
Alzheimer’s: 1. Amyloid plaque 2. Neurofibriallary tanglesCURES?No cure. Only drugs to relieve symptoms>- anti-acetylcholiesterase- Memantine(Namenda)
Age related= 1% at age 65, 5% at age 85 Motor Disorder Symptoms
Resting tremor Bradykinesia Rigidity +Flexed posture
-> postural instability Shuffling gait Forward-flexed posture when walking Mask-like face, small handwriting
Cause: Neurons in the midbrain that normally release
dopamine at synapse of basal nuclei and substantia nigra died
Detailed version alpha-synuclein (SNCA) + ubiquitin= lewy
bodies= accumulate
Cure?No cure. Attempts= brain surgery, deep-brain stimulation,
L-dopa, and dopamine-secreting neuron implantation.
L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) naturally-occurring dietary supplement and psychoactive
drug found in certain kinds of food and herbs synthesized from L-tyrosine in the mammalian body and
brain> enter CNS> converted to dopamine L-DOPA can cross blood-brain barrier, but dopamine
cannot
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-DOPA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewy_bodies http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinson%2
7s_disease http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%2
7s_disease
Thank you for your attention
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