27.3.2002 Seminario Swarm 2001 2002 1
Seminario su Swarm 2001-2002
Pietro Terna
web.econ.unito.it/terna
27.3.2002 Seminario Swarm 2001 2002 2
Secondo semestre
mercoledì 27.3
mercoledì 10.4
mercoledì 24.4
martedì 7.5
sempre dalle 17.15 alle 19, aula 12
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“nostro” sito a http://eco83.econ.unito.it/swarm/
iscriversi alla mailing list seminarioswarm (vedi sopra per le istruzioni)
inoltre è utile http://eco83.econ.unito.it/swarm/materiale/
questo file ppt e i successivi sono/saranno in linea a
http://web.econ.unito.it/terna/swarm/ e a
http://eco83.econ.unito.it/swarm/materiale/pptDelSeminario01-02/
questo è seminarioSwarm01-02-20020327.ppt
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jVE – Java Virtual Enterprise
Presentazione per SwarmFest 2002 a
web.econ.unito.it/terna/jve/jVE SwarmFest 2002.zip
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dict
iona
ry
unit = a productive structure within or outside our enterprise; a unit is able to perform one or more of the steps required to accomplish an order
order = the object representing a good to be produced; an order contains technical information (the recipe describing the production steps) and accounting data
recipe = a sequence of steps to be executed to produce a good
A dictionary
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1-22-1328-7-27-7...
market Enterprise front end
units
our jVE enterprise(a sub-swarm of
units)
FE
28
7
27
A system of enterprises and micro productive units
(a swarm)
FE
recipes
reci
pes
and
unit
sRecipes and units
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basi
c re
cipe
Basic recipe
The basic recipe in an order is:
n1 ts m1 n2 ts m2 n3 ts m3 n4 ts m4 . . .
time specification: days, hours, seconds
time quantity measured in days, hours, secondsstep in recipe
WD
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bat c
h pr
oduc
tion
a unit is making a batch production if in a given time interval it repeats b times the production of the same step of the recipes of b orders
Batch production
n1 ts m1 n2 ts m2 n3 ts m3 / b3
time specification: days, hours, seconds
time quantity measured in days, hours, secondsstep in recipe
the slash is followed by the number of production steps to be repeated in the given time interval: in a batch production of b pieces, the time necessary for the production of each piece is measured by the fraction m/b
WD
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proc
urem
ent a
nd c
ompo
nent
par
ts
Procurements or component parts produced by ourselves
n1 ts m1 n2 ts m2 n3 ts m3 e c4
n1 ts m1 / b1 e c2
n1 ts m1 e c1
Procurements: we order outside the components coded cx (here c1, c2, c3); our management has to deal with the time necessary to have the order performed, to make the transport, etc. (in the third line, n2 can be a transport step)
n1 ts m1 e c5
n1 ts m1 / b1 e c6
e stays for end
n1 ts m1 / b1 n2 ts m2 / b2 e c3
Component parts produced internally: we produce inside the components coded cx (here c4, c5, c6); our management has to deal with the time necessary to have these internal order performed
We can explore the details of these recipes considering other jVEs=swarms and so using swarm of swarms
WD
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step
s us
ing
com
pone
nt p
arts
Using component parts (mainly, in assembly steps)
n1 ts m1 p k c1 c2 . . . ck n2 ts m2 . . .
step in recipe
after step n1 we have here a procurement phase (internal or external), looking for k components coded c1, c2, . . ., ck
p stays for procurement
the unit performing the successive step asks to a special object ‘procurementAssembler’ to check if the internal or external units can send the components; if not, the unit waits
the ability of a unit to call a special object to have special tasks performed, increases widely the degrees of freedom of the jVE structure
WD
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mul
tipl
e pa
ths
Multiple paths in recipes
after each step we can have multiple paths in our recipes, but only one of them is followed at a specific time
n1 ts m1 n2 ts m2 n3 ts m3 n4 ts m4
n22 ts m22
or
we use here a C-like formalism (|| = or)
n1 ts m1 || 1 n2 ts m2 n3 ts m3 || 2 n22 ts m22 || 0 n4 ts m4
where || 0 stays for the conclusion of the multiple paths
end
WD
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para
llel
pat
hs
Parallel paths in recipes
after each step we can have also parallel paths in our recipes, all to be simultaneously executed at a specific time
n1 ts m1 n2 ts m2 n3 ts m3 n4 ts m4
n22 ts m22
and
we use here a C-like formalism (&& = and)
n1 ts m1 && 1 n2 ts m2 n3 ts m3 && 2 n22 ts m22 && 0 n4 ts m4
where && 0 stays for the conclusion of the multiple paths
end
WD
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an in
tric
ate
exam
ple
(i)
p 4 c1 c2 c3 c4 n1 ts m1 n2 ts m2 n3 ts m3 n4 ts m4
An intricate example (i)
orp 2 c1 c2 n5 ts m5 n6 ts m6
andp 2 c3 c4 n7 ts m7
gives
||1 p 4 c1 c2 c3 c4 n1 ts m1 ||2 &&1 p 2 c1 c2 n5 ts m5 &&2 p 2 c3 c4 n7 ts m7 &&0 n6 ts m6 ||0 n2 ts m2 n3 ts m3 n4 ts m4
WD
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an in
tric
ate
exam
ple
(ii)
An intricate example (ii)
WD
p 4 c1 c2 c3 c4 n1 ts m1 n2 ts m2 n3 ts m3 n4 ts m4
or
p 2 c1001 c1002 n6 ts m6
p 2 c1 c2 n5 ts m5 e c1001
p 2 c3 c4 n7 ts m7 e c1002
and, summarizing,
We can represent the same example as a supply chain; so the second path of the or choice becomes …
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a cl
oser
look
to in
vent
orie
s
A closer look to inventories
WD
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war
ehou
ses
Warehouses and inventories: stand alone productions
28-7-27-7
units
FE
28
7
27
FE
7
?
?
??
? … how to decide?
WD
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proc
urem
ent
Procurement
28-7-27-7
units
FE
28
712134
73
...
Exploding recipes to consider deeply sub–procurement problems
28-121-34-…-73-7-27-7
WD
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inve
ntor
ies
in s
uppl
y ch
ains
Inventories in supply chains
n1 n2 . . . n10 e 121
n11 n12 . . . n15 e 341
n21 n22 . . . n25 e 342
p 2 341 342 31 e 34
virtual or actual units keeping the completed procurement components in a list (in a warehouse)
WD
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sim
ple
unit
s
Simple unit data are reported in a text file
unit_#__useWarehouse____prod.phase_#____fixed_costs_____variable_costs
1 1 11 12 1
2 1 0 0 0
3 1 3 15 2
4 1 0 0 0
5 1 51 12 2
6 1 6 11 20
7 1 12 23 1
8 1 8 22 11
9 1 13 7 12
10 1 18 40 7
11 1 11 5 1
DW
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com
plex
uni
ts 1
Complex units are able to perform more than one (unique) production step
We read their data from a sheet in a spreadsheet (Excel like, produced via Office or StarOffice or OpenOffice or . . .
To access spreadsheet data from a Java environment we use the ExcelReader.java class, written by Michele Sonnessa ([email protected]) and based upon the Andy Khan's excelread library (http://www.andykhan.com/excelread/)
DW
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com
plex
uni
ts 2
DW
The general scheme (to be used as a remark page)
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