7/28/2019 2. Naming Alkanes
1/18
HYDROCARBONS
7/28/2019 2. Naming Alkanes
2/18
Hydrocarbons
C C C C
C C
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
C C C C C
H
H
H
H
H H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Alkanes Alkenes
Alkynes Aromatics
C C C C C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C C C C CH
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
CnH2n+2 CnH2n
CnH2n-2
REACTIVE!
REACTIVE!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAjrnZ-znkYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAjrnZ-znkY7/28/2019 2. Naming Alkanes
3/18
Alkanes and Alkenes and Alkynes
oh my!
Identify each of the following hydrocarbon formulas
as alkane, alkene or alkyne.
C2H6
C5H8
C4H10
C25H52
C14H28 C10H18
7/28/2019 2. Naming Alkanes
4/18
Alkanes and Alkenes and Alkynes
oh my!
Identify each of the following hydrocarbon formulas
as alkane, alkene or alkyne.
C2H6 alkane (CnH2n+2)
C5H8 alkyne (CnH2n-2)
C4H10 alkane (CnH2n+2)
C25H52 alkane (CnH2n+2)
C14H28 alkene (CnH2n) C10H18 alkyne (CnH2n-2)
7/28/2019 2. Naming Alkanes
5/18
Naming Hydrocarbon Molecules
Common names used in the 1800s are still used for some
compounds today:
H C C H
Acetylene
O
C
CH3CH3
AcetoneFormic acid
C
O
OHH
The International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry (IUPAC) was established in 1900s
Systematic method allows an infinite number of
compounds to be named given a few rules
7/28/2019 2. Naming Alkanes
6/18
First Ten Hydrocarbons
Name
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C7H16
C8H18
C9H20
C10H22
CH4
CH3CH3
CH3
CH2CH
3
CH3CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Number of
Carbon Atoms
Molecular
Formula
Condensed Structural
Formula
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbon7/28/2019 2. Naming Alkanes
7/18
Mnemonic for First Four Prefixes
First four prefixes
Meth-
Eth-
Prop-
But-
Monkeys
Eat
Peeled
Bananas
7/28/2019 2. Naming Alkanes
8/18
?Decade
Decimal
Decathalon
Other Prefixes
Pent-
Oct-
Dec-
Hex-, Hept-, Non-
7/28/2019 2. Naming Alkanes
9/18ane
Naming Alkane Molecules
Rule 1: choose the correct ending
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAjrnZ-znkYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAjrnZ-znkYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAjrnZ-znkYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAjrnZ-znkYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAjrnZ-znkY7/28/2019 2. Naming Alkanes
10/18
ane
Naming Alkane Molecules
Rule 2: determine the longest carbon chain
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
7/28/2019 2. Naming Alkanes
11/18ane
Naming Alkane Molecules
Rule 3: circle all branches
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
7/28/2019 2. Naming Alkanes
12/18
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
ane
Naming Alkane Molecules
Rule 4: Number each carbon on the parent chain so that the
first branch is the lowest number.
1 2 3 4 56 7
7/28/2019 2. Naming Alkanes
13/18
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
ane
Naming Alkane Molecules
Rule 4: Number each carbon on the parent chain so that the
first branch is the lowest number.
7 6 5 4 32 1
7/28/2019 2. Naming Alkanes
14/18heptane
Naming Alkane Molecules
Rule 5: Name the parent chain
1 2 3 4 56 7
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
7/28/2019 2. Naming Alkanes
15/18heptane
Naming Alkane Molecules
Rule 5: Name the branches
1 2 3 4 56 7
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3ethyl
methyl
methyl
7/28/2019 2. Naming Alkanes
16/18heptane
Naming Alkane Molecules
Rule 6: attach name of branches alphabetically
1 2 3 4 56 7
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3ethyl
methyl
methyl
3-ethyl- 5-methyl5-methyl-
7/28/2019 2. Naming Alkanes
17/18heptane
Naming Alkane Molecules
Rule 7: group similar branches
1 2 3 4 56 7
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3ethyl
methyl
methyl
3-ethyl- 5-methyl- 5-methyl5,5-dimethyl
7/28/2019 2. Naming Alkanes
18/18
CH3
CH
CH
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH2CH3
3-ethyl-2-methylpentane
CH3 CH2
CH CH3
CH2CH2
CH3
3-methylhexane
Top Related