B/C
*
B/C 0.22~0.29 3.71()
. *
, *
, ,
CVM , B/C
B/C
*
*
1,1561,1561,1502,268()(1,118)B/C 1.02B/C 0.51
. -
*
B/C 1.020.51
( )
!
, : , , 1996. , , , 1997.
() ! (Unish) 2001
*
( 1)
( 2) 10
( 3) B/C 5.44~11.97*
*
(), , , , , , , , , , , , ,
*
, , , , , , , ,
*
, , , , ,
1996 MB ( ) 1998 : ~
*
*
B/C5.44~11.971.145
(1996)
*
()72, 1( )1
( )
, , , , 2007, 617~644.
B/C 0.63
*
B/C 0.05~0.205.44~11.971.1452.3
, . : 11 .
( ) : 68 2 .
*
, . , B/C 2.3.
B/C .
*
*
14 2,335/ 11 7,000( 1) 1 6,843( 2) 1 4,488( 2) 8 4,323/ ( 3) 37 4,999 1 14 1,000 2 (7 5,000)( 4) 1 1,000 1 863( 2) 16 2,863
11 7
, , () (?) *
= + (import)
( )
= =
83%
*
()1010
, 2000 , 2004. 0.856. 0.83 .
B/C 1 0.83 0.144 .
*
: 2007 6~ 2008 1 .
(Contingent Valuation Method: CVM) : , ?
*
: , , , : , , : , , *
2 (-)
*
901459453387110 86WTP11,90910,2507,687(15,988,247)1,9041,6931,22830 1 6,8431 4,4981 863
.
*
CVM 50%(?)+ 1 6,84350%(?)+ 3,635- + 2 478
7 3
,
*
(A)-700,000 TEU700,000 TEU(B)1,129,149106,641(2006)-9,152864
? ?
:
: , .
*
? ()
*
USDT(1994)tow boatHC, CO, NOX
OECD(2001)(SO2 )CO, CO2, HC, NOX, SO2
(1997)CO, NOX
DHV(2007)CO, NOX
CO2
()
U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration, Environmental Advantage of Inland Barge Transportation, 1994.
Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Control Lab, 1994
C. Jake Haulk, "Inland Waterways as Vital National Infrastructure: Refuting Corporate Welfare Attacks" AlleghenyInstitute for Public Policy. ()
*
. . , . .
*
: 7 3 ( : 1 1)
: (2001)
*
*
(2001)2 4,3171 222 6,0628,271-km 26430- (1TEU)4,480516(2007)- (1TEU) 2,6491949,152864
*
(2007) (2012)(, , , )9,152864(2001),,,, , , 2 4,3171 222(2007),, ,,,,4,3222,703
2 75 2 2020 2 2 2
*
*
14 2,335/ 11 7,000( 1) 1 6,843( 2) 1 4,488( 2) 8 4,323/ ( 3) 37 4,99914 2,335(a) 1 14 1,000 2 (7 5,000)( 4) 1 1,000 1 863( 2) 16 2,86322 7,000(b) (a)/(b)=.63
, , .
*
B/C 5.44~11.97
B/C 0.2 0.63 0.2 2.3 *
(): () ()
() () () () ()
() () () () 15 ()
*
:
.
.*
*
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