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Importance of Microbiology
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تاریخچه میکروبیولوژی
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اهمیت میکروارگانیسم ها
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Importance of Microbiology
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Importance of Microbiology
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Importance of Microbiology
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Famous microbiologist In immunologyLouis Pasteur (1822 -1895).
Emil von (1901) Paul Ehrlich in 1912Margaret Pittman (1901-1995)Gerhard J Domagk (1935) Alexander Fleming (1928) William A Hinton (1883-1959Albert Shatz, E Bugie and Selman (1944PLANTS & SOILSergei Winogradsky, in 1890, in soil.
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General Microbiology : دیده غیرمسلح باچشم ها میکروارگانیسم تعریف
شوند نمی بندی طبقه به نیاز دلیل زنده موجودات بندی طبقه اولین : ميكروارگانيسمها بندي طبقه
: ساختارهسته Acaryotesبراساس
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
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General Microbiology ي نحوه و سلولي سايز براساس بندي طبقه
تغذيهVirusesBacteriaFungiAlgaeProtozoa
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Bacterial NumenclatureBinomial
nomenclatureGenus + SpeciesExample:
Escherichia coliBacillus cereusB. cereus
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General MicrobiologyBacteria
ShapeCoccusRodSpirillum
Bacteria ميكرومتر 10-1طول ميكرومتر 1-0.5عرض
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General MicrobiologyBacteria
Arrangment
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Bacteria colony
: از اجتماعی تعریفکه میکروبی سلولهای
والد سلول یک ازجامد محیط برروی
(Agar media) بهمیایند وجود
محیط در باکتری رشدباعث (Broth)مایع
. میشود محیط کدورت
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Bacteria Observation
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Bacteria structure
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Bacteria structure
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Bacterial pilus
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Bacterial Plasmid and pilli function
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Bacteril capsule
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Bacterial Capsule –Negative Staining
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Capsule Strurcture (Phagocytosis)
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Bacteria Sheath
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Bacterial sheath formation
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Bacterial Fine StructureCell wall structure
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Cell wall structure
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L- form Bacteria
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Protoplast formation and regeneration
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Bacterial Flagellum
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Bacterial Flagellum
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Bacterial cytoplasmic Membrane
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Bacterial Capsule
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Bacterial Outer membrane
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Bacterial Sheath
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Protozoa’s Stalk
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Bacterial Stalk
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Cytoplasmic membrane
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Ribosome Structure
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Bacterial Inclusion Bodies
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Bacterial Inclusion Bodies
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Endospore structure
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Endospore Structure
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Spore development
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Organism’s requirements for growth
EnergeyH2OCarbon sourceNitrogen sourceOxygenVitaminTrace elementsMacro elementsCo2
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Different sources of energeysLight (Phototrophs)Chemicals (Heterotrophs)
Different sources of Carbon Atmospheric CO2 (Autotrophs) Chemicals (Heterorotrophs) 1) Organic compounds (Organotrophs)
2) Inorganic compounds (Litotrophs)
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Growth requirements
Different steps of Microbial cultivation
1) Preparation of culture medium
2)Preparation of physical factors
3) Inoculation
4) Incubation
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Different Culture MediaDefinition of culture medium 1- Natural2- Syntethic
1- Organic2- Inorganic
1- Selective2- Differentica3- General
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Physical parameters required for bacterial growth
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Bacteria classificationKingdomDivisionClassOrderFamillyGenusSpeciesStrain
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Bacteria Classification
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Live organisms Classification
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Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
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Archeabacteria
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Cyanobacteria
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Cyanobacteria
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Cyanobacteria
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Cyanobacteria colonies
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Organism reproductionWaterHydrogen sourceCarbon sourceNitrogen sourceOxygen Co2Trace elementsVitamins
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ClaSSIFICtion of BaCTERIA Acording to their carbon and
energy sourcesCarbon Sources : Autotroph
Heterotroph
Energy Source:Phototroph
Chemeotroph (Chemolitotroph and Chemoorganotroph)
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Bacterial binary fission
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VirusesDefinition
Classification , according to their host
Their main structure
Their Morphology
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Bacteriophages: Definition & History
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect and destroy bacteria.
They have been referred to as bacterial parasites, with each phage type depending on a single strain of bacteria to act as host.
Nucleic acid Nucleic acid CapsideCapside EnvelopeEnvelope tailtail
Bacteriophages: Classification At present, over 5000
bacteriophages have been identified by electron microscopy and can be divided into 13 virus families. Based on morphology
and nucleic acid are classified
Double stranded DNA, Enveloped
Double stranded DNA,Non-enveloped
Myoviridae
Siphoviridae
Podoviridae
P2
T2
λ
P22
Tectiviridae PRD1
Corticoviridae PM2
Single-stranded DNA
Inoviridae M13 & fd
Microviridae ΦX174 Leviviridae
Single strande
d RNAMS2
Lipothrixviridae
TTV1
Fuselloviridae SSV1Plasmaviridae
Double stranded RNA
phi666
Cystoviridae
RudiviridaeSIRV 1, 2
13 Bacteriophage families
Bacteriophages: Lysogenic Cycle
Bacteriophages: Lysogenic Conversion
Some lysogenic phage carry genes that can enhance the virulence of the
bacterial host.For example, some phage carry genes that encode
toxins.
These genes, once integrated into the bacterial chromosome, can cause the
once harmless bacteria to release potent toxins that can cause disease .
Plant Viruses symptoms
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Animal Viruses
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Human Cancer
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