1
Emerging Opportunities: Nano-Photonics & Information Technology
Connie Chang-Hasnain
EECS
University of California, Berkeley
Chang-Hasnain, UCB 2
Chang-Hasnain, UCB 3
Source: Tingye Li and Herwig Kogelnik
Bit
Rat
e -D
ista
nce
( G
b/s
k
m)
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
1
101
102
103
104
105
106
107 WHAT’S NEXT ?? WDM + Optical Amplifiers Optical Amplifiers Coherent Detection 1.5m Single-Frequency Laser 1.3m SM Fiber 0.8m MM Fiber
Advances in Optical Communications
Coax, 274 Mb/s at 1km repeater spacing
107 Increase in Bit rate-Distance Product in 25 years
Chang-Hasnain, UCB 4
Opportunities in Optoelectronics Active Devices Faster, Better, Smaller, New Functions
Examples: lasers, detectors, modulators, amplifiers, freq. mixer New functions: wavelength tuning, beam steering, UV and FIR
Passive Devices Better, Smaller, New Functions Examples: Wavelength multiplexers, resonators, filters, couplers New functions: thin film non-reciprocal devices
Leverage the Coherence Property All-optical buffer and random access memory (RAM) Optical signal processing
Integration! Monolithic Heterogeneous
Chang-Hasnain, UCB 5
Opportunities in Optoelectronics Active Devices Faster, Better, Smaller, New Functions
Examples: lasers, detectors, modulators, amplifiers, freq. mixer New functions: wavelength tuning, beam steering, UV and FIR
Passive Devices Better, Smaller, New Functions Examples: Wavelength multiplexers, resonators, filters, couplers New functions: thin film non-reciprocal devices
Leverage the Coherence Property All-optical buffer and random access memory (RAM) Optical signal processing
Integration! Monolithic Heterogeneous
Nanoscale Material Synthesis
Nanoscale Processing
Integrated Optoelectronics
Chang-Hasnain, UCB 6
Tailorable Active Materials
Greatly Enhanced or Suppressed Optical Gain Spontaneous Emission Optical Nonlinearities
Den
sity
of S
tate
s
Energy (h)
Bulk Quantum Well Quantum Wire Quantum Dot
Yang, Berkeley
Chang-Hasnain, UCB 7
Active Material Synthesis
Major Challenges Uniformity Control Size Control Placement Control Defect Reduction
Chang-Hasnain, Berkeley
Weber, BerkeleyDapkus, USC
Chang-Hasnain, UCB 8
Compact Integrated Optics: Photonic Crystals
• Making Passive Optics 1000 Times Smaller
Zuzuki, Berkeley
Chang-Hasnain, UCB 9
Slow Light and Frozen Light Slow light demonstrated in atomic vapor at low temperature,
1999 We proposed all-optical buffers in ‘00. DARPA funded program in 2002 New BAA on Intelligent Optical
Network coming out in March.
Multiplestacked QD
Signal slow down
pump
P. C. Ku, et.al. Electron. Lett. 2002
Chang-Hasnain, Berkeley
Chang-Hasnain, UCB 10
Bio-Photonics DARPA Centers
U of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Berkeley, Colorado State, Columbia,
Cornell, Harvard
Chang-Hasnain, UCB 11
Integration
Monolithic Princeton University
“If you can draw it, we can build it.” Vertical coupling of light via lateral tapers. Single growth step.
Heterogeneous UC Berkeley Paste-and-Cut Approach
Ion Cut Laser Lift-off
200 m
InGaN LEDs on Si
Cheung and Sands, Berkeley