© USI proprietary and confidentialASE Group
行動 WiMAX 系統設計最新動向V.1.0 2008-10-30 環隆電氣 無線通訊產品事業處 劉尚淳
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行動 WiMAX 系統架構設計與規格剖析
資料來源:資策會
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WiMAX Devices Evolving
WiMAX Devices
Form Factor
Outdoor ModemIndoor Modem/IAD
Mini Card(MC/HMC)USB
Express Card (EC)Others
SiP ModuleOn-board Design
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目前 WiMAX 16e 技術上遇到的問題• 從 M-Taiwan & US Sprint Deployment Status 知道 :
– WiMAX 骨幹 (Backbone) 建設還未成熟– WiMAX 網路涵蓋範圍不夠廣– 基站 (BS ) 安裝密度不夠– 用戶端 (MS )的發射功率不夠大– 基站 / 用戶端 相容性 (IOT) 問題已逐漸解決 , 所以使用在固定式 (Fixed ) 的應用已沒甚問題 , 但 Hand Over, HARQ, QoS, Network Management 還是使移動式 (Mobility) 沒法發揮 16e 的功效 , 這個問題尤其發生在大都會 16e 的佈建– 電源消耗功率 ( IC 製程的演進及智慧型電源管理的應用 )– 導入 16m and 16j 是否能加強 16e 的功能
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• 在都會區的最後一哩面臨現有寬頻有線網路 ADSL/FTTH/Cable Modem 的競爭
• 現有的 3G+ 卡產品 , 如 HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 也逐漸增強在資料Data 上載 / 下載 (Uplink/Downlink ) 的流量 , 基站( Base Station ) 在這部份上的昇級也逐漸在進行 , 其傳輸速度即可接近 WiMAX ( HSxPA現有 技術的延伸是 3G 業者想採用的 , LTE 也是未來的 4G 標準 )
• 受全球金融風暴 , 經濟不景氣 , Operator/Carrier 也會拖延 WiMAX 的怖建計劃 , 消費者也會對新產品比較保守• WiMAX 設備價格影響市場大小• WiMAX 相關應用的產品尚未到位
目前 WiMAX 16e 應用環境上遇到的問題
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Mobile Technology Evolving
NOW
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Future Mobile Technology – 4GLTE UMB WiMAX – 802.16m
Long Term Evolution Ultra Mobile Broadband
Camp 3GPP 3GPP2 WiMAX Forum
Base Standard OFDMA (DL)/Single-Carrier OFDMA(UL)
OFDMA S-OFDMA
DL Peak 250Mbps 288Mbps 100Mbps
UL Peak 100Mbps 75Mpbs 75Mbps
BW 1.25~20Mhz 5, 10Mhz 5,10,20Mhz
Estimate Commercial Schedule
2010 2009 2010
Technology Provider Ericsson, Nokia Qualcomm Intel/Samsung
Main Operators Verizon, AT&T (Nil) KT, Sprint, KDDI
Source: WiMAX Forum, 3GPP, 3GPP2,
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Today’s Mobile TechnologyAttribute TD-SCDMA 1xEVDO Rev A HSDPA Mobile WiMAX (WiBro)
Base Standard WCDMA CDMA20004S-95 WCDMA IEEE 802.16e - 2005
Duplex Method TDD FDD FDD TDD
Downlink TDMA TDM CDM-TDM
Uplink CDMA CDMA CDMA
BW 5MHZ 1.25MHz 5.0MHz Scalable 5,7,8.75,10Mhz
Frame Size DL TBD 1.67 ms 2ms
DL TBD 6.67 ms 2,10ms
Modulation DL QPSK/8PSK/16QAM QPSK/8PSK/16QAM QPSK/16QAM QPSK/ 16QAM/ 16QAM
Modulation UL BPSK, QPSK/8PSK BPSK, QPSK/8PSK 8PSK/QPSK QPSK/ 16QAM
Coding Turbo Turbo CC, Turbo CC, Turto
DL Peak 3.1Mbps 3.1 Mbps 14 Mbps46 Mbps, DL/UL=332 Mbps, DL/UL=1
(10 MHz BW)
UL Peak 900K 1.8 Mbps 5.8Mbps7 Mbps, DL/UL=14 Mbps, DL/UL=3
(10 MHz BW)
Main Operators China Mobile Verizon Main GSM operators inthe world KT, Sprint, KDDI,
Source: WiMAX Forum, 3GPP, 3GPP2, 2008
OFDMA
5ms TDD
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16m Technology Overview• Duplex scheme – Both TDD and FDD• Normalized peak data rate
- DL >= 8.0 ( bps/HZ )- UL >= 2.8 ( bps/Hz )
• Max. data latency – 10ms• Max. handover interruption time
– Intra-frequency: 30ms– Inter-frequency: 100ms
• Modulation – DL : QPSK/16QAM/64QAM– UL : QPSK/16QAM
• Bandwidth ( BW ) – 5/10/20Mbps• Multi-antenna transmission
– DL MIMO 2 x2 ( Matrix A & Matrix B )– B eamforming ( 2 x 2 )– UL Collaborative SM for two MSs with single antenna
• Control Signaling – DL: Compressed MAP with sub-maps– UL: Initial/Periodic/Handover ranging, Bandwidth Request, Fast
Feedback/CQI channel, Sounding
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應該儘快導入 16m & 16j• Multihop relay (MR) network has the following benefits:
– Throughput Enhancement – Coverage Extension– Save MS Power– Load Balancing
現行 WiMAX 網路系統布建方案之比較 優點 缺點功率放大器 設備價格最便宜布建快速 干擾訊號一併放大布建範圍不完整基地台 功能完備布建範圍完整 設備價格貴中繼站 設備價格較便宜布建快速布建範圍完整Auto Configuration
系統複雜度增加
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New IEEE WiMAX Standards 的加入項目 內容 狀態
802.16f• 定義管理資訊基底 (MIB)• 支援 802.16-2004 無線網路管理 • 2005年 12月標準發表
802.16g• 定義管理面相關流程與服務 ( 如系統管理、 資源管理、交遞管理、互通性測試等等 )• 用於 WiMAX 網路管理之用
• 2007年 3月對 D8 進行 Sponsor Bal
lot
802.16h• 改善 WiMAX Radio Access 機制供免執照頻寬 (Unlicensed Band) 運轉之用
• 2007年 3月對 D2 進行 Sponsor Bal
lot
802.16i• 802.16f 管理資訊基底 (MIB) 的修訂與補充• 支援 802.16e 無線網路管理
• 2007年 3月對 D1 進行 Sponsor Bal
lot
802.16j• Multi-hop relay for WiMAX• Compatible to 802.16e MS
• 2007年 8月完成 D1
• 預定 2008年 3月發表802.16k
• Bridging extension for 802.1D to WiMAX
• 2007年 3月對 D4進行 Revcom
802.16m• Next generation of WiMAX2• 將投入 ITU 競爭 4G 標準 • 2007 年 3 月完成初版 Requirement
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Relay Topology (defined in 802.16j)
Source : IEEE 802.16j TG
In-building Coverage
Coverage on Mobile Vehicle
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16j Categories
• Frame structure• Network entry / Connections & addressing• BW request• Construction & transmission of MAC PDUs• Measurement & reporting• Mobility management• RRM, Scheduling & Interference control• Security• HARQ• Modulation & coding, AAS / MIMO• Others: Definitions, Evaluation methodology• Hardware cost is similar with Mobile Station
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WiMAX 殺手級應用剖析Source : XOHM
• 2G/3G cellular + 16e 手持式 裝置• 持續取代傳統 MMDS/LMDS 與 Propriety BWA 的市場 ( 長距離 Backhual 應用 )• Mobile TV/ VoIP /Skype /Goggle Phone 的應用
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AAA
PDG
WiMAX 使用者及電信業者需求考量
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Top 10 Worldwide 16e WiMAX Deployment Investment
Source: WiMAX Forum
5.Bayannt Al-OulaUS$100M
1. SprintUS$5,000M
6. BSNLUS$1,000M
3. KDDIUS$3,800M
2. TaiwanUS$660M
7 Summa TelecomUS$100M
7. BurraqUS$80M
9. Sacrtel
10. EmbratelUS$3,000M
.8. Enforta
4. TATA
.KT Wirbo
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Top 7 Global WiMAX Operator Investment
County Operators BTS Vendor Investment (US$ million)
USA Sprint/ClearWire Motorola, Samsung, Nokia $5,000
Japan KDDI( UQC ) Fujitsu, Samsung $3,800
India BSNL, TATA, Reliance Telsima, SOMA, MOTO, Samsung $1,000
Taiwan大眾電信 , 創一投資 , 威邁思電信 , 大同電信 , 遠傳電信 , 威達有線電視
Motorola, NEC, Alvarion, Nortel, Alcatel-Lucent $660
Russia Scartel, Summa Telecom Samsung, Alcatel-Lucent, Huawei $100
Saudi Arabia Bayannt, Al-Oula Samsung, ZTE $100
Pakistan Burraq Alcatel-Lucent, Huawei $80
Source: World Carries, 2007, Complied by MIC, Novenber 2007The latest figures will be updatedThe Investment Assumed before 2010
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4 Angles To Evaluate A Technology
– Spectral Efficiency* Increase without modifications to antenna systems* protocol and scheduling efficiency
– License Bands* paired / unpaired, FDD / TDD, use of scattered allocations
– Compatible dimensions and frequency bands– MIMO systems
* Space Time Coding (STC) to increase range* Spatial Multiplexing (SM) to increase capacity
– Smart Antennas
– Operator Profile* Greenfield or existing network
– Area Profile* Urban/suburban/rural* Indoor hot spots (pico / femto cells)
Antennas
Sites
Spectrum
*Source: “Next Generation Mobile Networks”, NGMN White Paper, Dec. 2006
Capacity
Coverage
Complexity
Cost
1
2
3
4
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Technology ChoicesLTE is targeted to exceed HSPA and mobile WiMAX in all aspects, b
ut now WiMAX and HSPA still have advantage in timing leading
HSPA WiMAX LTE
Capacity
Coverage
Complexity
Cost
1
2
3
4
Source: 2008 WPBU “4G technology” by Ace; 2007 Altran Technology & Media, A Consulting Firm founded by MIT professor Arthur Dehon Little
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Conclusion – Technology
• WiMAX has advantage in capacity limited scenarios– higher peak data rate– higher spectral efficiency– higher average date rate available per user
• HSPA has advantage in coverage limited scenarios– greater link budget and MAPL– greater cell range and area– more users covered per cell/sector
• LTE aims at gaining advantage over HSPA and mWiMAX in all areas – capacity, coverage and complexity
• All three technologies have their place and will co-exist in the mid-term, but 3GPP driven technologies appear firmly in the lead
• Improvements in technology performance and resulting link budget (e.g. 802.16m) can give advantage to WiMAX particularly for Greenfield operators – but LTE will have advantage of 3GPP heritage
• 3GPP and 3GPP2 networks will migrate towards OFDMA technology (e.g. LTE, CDMA Rev. C)
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行動 WiMAX 新興市場商機 • 第三世界國家 , 寬頻基礎缺乏 , 即需 WiMAX當作經濟實用的 Internet 網路 , 又俱有 VoIP與 QoS 的功能• 發展中國家 , 有線寬頻建設來不及 , 直接切入 WiMAX網路是最快又最有效建置• 已發展中國家 , WiMAX提供給第二類電信業者一個與 3
G 業者競爭業務的機會• 對工業國家或極度開發國家 , WiMAX 是一個選項 , 可有可無 . 但 WiMAX就像是” 鄉村包圍城市” 的產業 ,如果能風雲湧起 , 未來必也能帶來一番榮景 .