Quantification of greenhouse gas
emissions from primary rubber industries
����� ������, �� ���� ������, ������ �������Warit Jawjit, Carolien Kroeze, Suwat Rattanapun
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ก����������ก�� ����� ���ก�������ก� ��ก �������� 1: 19-21 ������ 2553
Final rubber productsFinal rubber productsQuantification of greenhouse gas emissions
from primary rubber industries
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�"���ก���$��ก���ก��#����%��&��� (#&.)
WIMEK, Wageningen Institute for Environment and Climate Research, The Netherlands
Final rubber productsFinal rubber productsQuantification of greenhouse gas emissions from
primary rubber industries
���กก������- ������ ����F�������GH�G���G���I��JK���L���&��������M�NO�����P�ก
����%��Q 2546 �Nก������ก�H���P�ก��F���������ก �N$#���"���F���ก��R�S�� ��H���$���NO��F�����ก�!��O�%#����
- GH����ก�!ก��������ก������ ���N$#������������T����ก���NO���"����G���I��JK��ก���R�����F����$���NO��F�����ก�!��O�%#���� �&� ���$��U��ก��N�# (Green label), P$��ก�� CDM, Carbon footprint, Carbon label & Carbon reduction label
- V������H�������ก �������ก���ก�"����!G���I��JK���������� ��O�T �&� W�����%R��K W����������� ���R����������
- ��%�#�����$P�P��N������ก���ก������ก �������ก���ก
���������ก����������������ก�������
:Goal definition:Goal definition
�R�O�$"��#�ก��������ก �������ก���ก�NO�กNO�#����ก�!�R�O�$"��#�ก��������ก �������ก���ก�NO�กNO�#����ก�!�!#�ก��G�����"�����!�!#�ก��G�����"�����! %��G���I��JK����������%��G���I��JK���������� 3 3 ����I�����I� �%ก �%ก ��"���������"�������,, ���%�����%�� STR20STR20, , %�����%G�%�����%G���$#����$#��
System boundarySystem boundary
System boundary
Rubber Trees
Fresh latex
Concentrated latex Block Rubber (STR) Ribbed Smoked Sheet (RSS)
Primary rubber products
Medical glovesCondoms
etc.
BeltsSolesetc.
Vehicle tiresIndustrial rubber parts
etc.
Final rubber products
System boundary (cont.)
N fertilizer use
Diesel use in fresh latex transportation
Electricity use
Diesel use
LPG use
Wood use
Rubber mills(Production of primary rubber products)
N & P Fertilizer production
Electricity production
Land conversion
Diesel use in tillage
CO2, N2O N2O
CO2, CH4, N2O
N2O
CO2, CH4, N2O
CO2, CH4, N2O
CO2, CH4, N2O
CO2, CH4, N2O
CH4, N2O
CO2, CH4, N2O
Rubber Plantations(Production of fresh latex)
Diesel production
LPG production
Logistic
Diesel production
Logistic
N2O
Ammonia production
Ammonia use
���������������������� ( (Functional Unit)Functional Unit)
������ก �������ก���ก������ก �������ก���ก (kg CO(kg CO22--eq) eq) ����
��"�����!��"�����! 1 1 ������ ��"���������"������� 1 1 ������
���%�����%��STR 20STR 20 1 1 ������ ���%G���$#�����%G���$#�� 1 1 ������
MethodologyMethodology
1) 1) ก���������� ������กก��ก�� ���ก���ก!�ก���������� ������กก��ก�� ���ก���ก!� ������ ����"ก�� ����"ก�� Emission from Agricultural & Industrial activitiesEmission from Agricultural & Industrial activities
E E x, i, jx, i, j = SUM = SUM i, ji, j (A (A i, ji, j ×× EF EF x, i ,jx, i ,j ××GWPGWPxx))
EE == Emission (COEmission (CO22--eq)eq)
AA == Activity levelActivity level
EFEF == Emission factorEmission factor
GWP =GWP = Global Warming PotentialGlobal Warming Potential
MethodologyMethodology ((����))
2) 2) ก����������ก%����&��ก���ก��กก������'���&(���'ก���������กก����������ก%����&��ก���ก��กก������'���&(���'ก���������ก
Emission from land conversionEmission from land conversion
COCO22 lossloss = (C = (C forestforest -- C C rubber) x (44/12) / 20rubber) x (44/12) / 20
Two scenarios on rubber plantationTwo scenarios on rubber plantation
Rubber plantation
on forest landRubber plantation on Rubber plantation on
cultivated landcultivated land
�"�����' �)��)*� ���"�����' �)��)*� �� Activity data Activity data
1)1) )*� ���+ ,� �)*� ���+ ,� �
1.11.1 -��������-�������� 3333 ���� �������ก*�����������ก*���� 3 3 ��������
1.21.2 ����� ����� 8 8 �� ��
-- ����� ������(.�����(.����)*�)*� 3 3 ����� �����
-- ������������ ������������ 3 3 ����� �����
-- ���������/��� ���� ���������/��� ���� 2 2 ����� �����
2) 2) )*� ������,� �)*� ������,� �
MJ/ton RSS900Wood use in ribbed smoked sheet (RSS) mills
MJ/ton STR1252LPG use in block rubber (STR) mills
MJ/ton RSS 150- in ribbed smoked sheet (RSS) mills
MJ/ton STR1000- in block rubber (STR) mills
MJ/ton conc. latex300- in concentrated latex mills
Diesel use
kWh/ton RSS10- in ribbed smoked sheet (RSS) mills
kWh/ton STR220- in block rubber (STR) mills
kWh/ton conc. latex100- in concentrated latex mills
Electricity use
kg/ton conc. latex17Ammonia use in concentrated latex mills
Liter/trip 5Diesel use for fresh latex transportation
kg-P/ha/year35P fertilizer use
kg-N/ha/year70N Fertilizer use
liter/ha/year0.78Diesel use in tillage
Unit valueActivity data
)*� ������0)��ก��ก�� (Activity data)
Results:Results:/�ก�������ก����������ก%����&��ก���ก/�ก�������ก����������ก%����&��ก���ก
ResultsResults/�ก�������ก����������ก%����&��ก���ก/�ก�������ก����������ก%����&��ก���ก
1.1. Emission from land conversionEmission from land conversion
2.2. Emission from agricultural, industrial Emission from agricultural, industrial activities activities
ResultsResultsI. Emissions I. Emissions จากการปลูกยางจากการปลูกยาง
((การผลติน้ํายางสดการผลติน้ํายางสด))
Scenario 1
(���ก����� !������"�)
0.2 ton CO2-eq/ ton fresh latex
Major sources:Production and use of
N- fertilizer
Scenario 2
(���ก���1��&(���'��'�����2��3�)
6.4 ton CO2-eq/ ton fresh latex
Major sources:C stock loss
ก%����&��ก���ก��ก)�(���ก�����ก���ก%����&��ก���ก��ก)�(���ก�����ก���
85Total
7Diesel use in latex transportation by pick-up car
0.4Diesel use in tractor for tillage
6N2O indirect emission after emission of fertilizer N as NOx and NH3
13N2O indirect emission after N leaching and runoff
59N2Odirect emission from N -Fertilizer use
Kg CO2-eq �NO �ก� �� ก ��� ����ก � ���Hก � � �118Total
0.67Production of diesel use for latex transportation
0.17Production of diesel use for tillage
4Production of P-fertilizer: energy related
82Production of N- Fertilizer: process related
30Production of N- Fertilizer: energy related
kg CO2-eq ��'�ก����กก��0��ก��/����4���0
ก����������ก%����&��ก���ก��กก�����ก���1��&(���'�3���� ก����������ก%����&��ก���ก��กก�����ก���1��&(���'�3����
6,1716,1710.240.24006,0976,097TotalTotal
74740.240.240000NN22O direct emission from cultivation O direct emission from cultivation
of mineral forest soil of mineral forest soil
8348340000834834Soil carbon lossSoil carbon loss
9759750000975975C belowC below--ground lossground loss
4,2884,28800004,2884,288C aboveC above--ground lossground loss
Land conversion from forests to rubber plantations Land conversion from forests to rubber plantations
COCO22--eqeqNN22OOCHCH44COCO22
Emission (kg/ton fresh latex)Emission (kg/ton fresh latex)ActivitiesActivities
ResultsResultsกาซเรือนกระจกจากกระบวนการกาซเรือนกระจกจากกระบวนการผลิตยางขั้นตนจากโรงงานยางผลิตยางขั้นตนจากโรงงานยาง
�(.����)*�
144 kg CO2-eq/ ton conc. latex
Major sources:Production of electricity
and ammonia
������� (STR 20)
307 kg CO2-eq/ ton STR 20
Major sources:Production of electricity,
Diesel and LPG use
����/��� ����
20 kg CO2-eq/ ton RSS
Major sources:Diesel use
ก%����&��ก���ก��ก ������(.����)*�ก%����&��ก���ก��ก ������(.����)*�
1440.20.2143Total
0000Fuel wood use
0000LPG use
220.10.0222Diesel use
II. Emissions from rubber mills
570057Production of ammonia
0000Production of LPG
200.12Production of diesel :
630.20.162Production of electricity :
I. Production of raw materials used in rubber mills
CO2-eqN2OCH4CO2
Concentrated Latex
ก%����&��ก���ก��ก ������������ก%����&��ก���ก��ก ������������ STR 20STR 20
30611305Total
0000Fuel wood use
790.040.0379LPG use
740.20.0874Diesel use
0000Production of ammonia
800.58Production of LPG
700.47Production of diesel :
1380.30.1137Production of electricity :
CO2-eqN2OCH4CO2
Block Rubber (STR 20)
ก%����&��ก���ก��ก ���������/��� ����ก%����&��ก���ก��ก ���������/��� ����
201118Total
210.7991)Fuel wood use
0000LPG use
110.030.0111Diesel use
0000Production of ammonia
0000Production of LPG
100.11Production of diesel :
60.020.016Production of electricity :
CO2-eqN2OCH4CO2
Ribbed Smoked Sheet (RSS)
ก��������������#�ก��������������#�Overall emissionOverall emission
ก���a��#�ก���������������กก��G�����"�����!�Hก���a��#�ก���������������กก��G�����"�����!�H G���I��JK���G���I��JK�����������������
1 ton of conc. latex 1 ton of conc. latex �������� 2 ton of fresh latex2 ton of fresh latex
1 ton of STR 20 1 ton of STR 20 �������� 2 ton of fresh latex2 ton of fresh latex
1 ton of RSS 1 ton of RSS �������� 3.3 ton of fresh latex3.3 ton of fresh latex
Overall emissionOverall emission
210.66Ribbed smoked
sheet (RSS)
130.70Block rubber (STR
20)
130.54Conc. Latex
Scenario 2
(planted on forest
land)
ton CO2-eq/ton
product
Scenario 1 *
(planted on
cultivated land)ton CO2-eq/ton
product
Overall emission Overall emission ((ก�5����ก�&(���'������ ก�5����ก�&(���'������ ))
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Concentratedlatex
STR 20 RSS
emis
sion
(kg
CO
2-eq
/ ton
pro
duct
)
Other emissions *
LPG production & use in mill
Diesel production & use in mill
Electricity production
Ammonia production
N fertilizer use
N fertilizer production
0.2 ton CO2-eq/ton �(.������
0.14 ton CO2-eq/ton �(.����)*�
0.31 ton CO2-eq/ton STR20
0.02 ton CO2-eq/ton ����/��� ����
0.54 ton CO2-eq/ton �(.����)*�
0.70 ton CO2-eq/ton STR20
0.66 ton CO2-eq/ton ����/��� ����
P�����
�#�
ก�����ก ���/���(.������
Minimizing greenhouse gas emissions Minimizing greenhouse gas emissions
from rubber industryfrom rubber industry
Rubber plantationsRubber plantations
-- Site selection for newly developed landSite selection for newly developed land
-- Reduction of N fertilizer useReduction of N fertilizer use
Rubber millsRubber mills
-- Increasing energy efficiency managementIncreasing energy efficiency management
-- Electricity and fuel useElectricity and fuel use
-- Reduction of NHReduction of NH33 useuse
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