(insulin)

(pancreas)-(Langerhans islets of cell)

(gluconeogenetic)(cAMP)

(glycogenesis)(lipogenesis)(DNA)(RNA)

1.(Glucagon)(glycogen)2. (Adrenal corticosteroids)(Adrenal gland)(gluconeogenesis)3. (Epinephrine)

4. (Growth hormone)5. (Adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH)6. (Thyroxine)(thyroid gland)

180 mL/dl

(20%)(40)

(Insulin dependent diabetic mellitus ; IDDM) Type I(Human lymphocyte antigen, HLA)(ketosis)(Non-insulin dependent diabetic mellitus ; NIDDM) Type II

40 40 75% 60-90%

(Polyphagia)(Polydipsia)(Polyuria)

-A(TCA cycle)-

(Insulin shock)(Hypoglycemia)(Diabetic acidosis and coma)(Small vessel disease)

---12004 (1)45() (2)45 120%(BMI)25kg/

---29 (140/90Hg) 35mg/dl250mg/dl

100

(Hyperglycemia)(Fast Blood SugarFBS)1280-120 mg/dl(D.M.)140 mg/dl1997126 mg/dl

40%()1.75 g0.5123450.5-121-23160-180 mg/dl

(Ketouria)(ketone body) -

(Glucosylate hemoglobin)A5%10%(Glycosuria)

(Hyperlipidemia)(Ketonemia)(Ketouria)

(Hyperaminoacidemia)

(1)

(Regular insulinRI)(Neutral protamine hagedornNPH)(Lente insulinLI)(Globin insulinGI)(Protamine zinc insulinPZI)

-(Sulfonylureas)(Diabinese)(Dymelor)(Biguanide)(Phenformin)(Metformin)

351.0-1.212-20%

50-60%50-60%35%30%10%

4040 g(Nonnutritive sweetness)

40%40%10%

()()()

()3-4

300030007.5140/90mmHg240030006

()()

(Glycemic index)50 50GI= 100% 50

()()

6%6%

(4.4)(Hypoglycemia)

(10)(120)

() 2/5 1/5 2/5 1/5 2/5 2/5 1/7 2/7 1/7 2/7 1/7 1/7 2/7 1/7 2/7 1/7() 1/7 2/7 1/7 2/7 1/7NPHRI 2/10 1/10 2/10 1/10 3/10 1/10PZIRI 1/3 1/3 1/3

4-6%(Glycolylated hemoglobin HbA1CHbA1C)

(LDL)(HDL)

(Acidosis)

(Starvation ketosis)()(200 mg/dl)

(Glomerulosclerosis)

(10-20 g)100 mg/dl

250 mg/dl150 mg/dl

123

5%

: () = (-80) 0.710 %: () = (-70) 0.610 %() = 22 ()2

mg/dL ()

1 = 15= 1/4 = 1/4 = 1/10 = 1 = 1 = 1 = 1/2 = 1/2 = 1/2 = 2 = 4 = 7 = 2() = 10= 1/4 (

1 =15=1 = 1() = = 1/6 () = 1() = 1/2 = 1() = 1() =1 = 1 = 1 () = 5 = 9 = 13 = 3 = 9 = 6 = 1 = = 1

1= 1()= 1 = 1 = 1() = 3 = 2 = 1()

1= 1 = 1 = 1 = 1 = 2 = 1() = 2 = 5 = 2 = 5 = 10