, ,
1.Perfect Competition 2.(Monopolistic Competition)
3.(Oligopoly) 4.(Pure Monopoly)10-1
10-1
MR=MC, MR=MC
Perfect CompetitionPure Competition
1(Price taker)(Price maker) 2
3 4
10-1a
10-1b
TR MRAR PQ TRQ=P*Q
=AR=MR=d P=210-2
ARMRP=AR=MRTRMR=AR=P
A 10-2
QSQDPD0D10.81.5
short-run equilibricum 1. ---
T=TR-TC TTRTC 10-3q1q1q3TRTCq210-3q2
---
2--- QTRTC()TRTCQ
MRMCUMCQMR MRMCMRMCMRMCMRP
1 MR=MCSMCSACAVCd1,d2,d3,d4,d510-4
ARSAC AR=SAC
AVCARSAC AR=AVC ARAVC MR=SMCMR=AR=P P > ACP = AC EAVC P AC P AVCF
2 A 10-5MR=SMCAR=MR=PSMC=P SMCAVC
B SMCAVC
(long run equilibrium) MR=MCP()()
1 ()(LAC)((SAC))(10-5)
PQ10-7(a)DSSDE()
10-7(b)LACLMCSACSMC()q0Qqaqbqcqm
(SAC)()(LAC)(10-7(b)) PMC()PSACPLAC.PMCSACLACLAC
2
(1) 10-11
(2) (increasing cost industry)10-12ab
(Upward-sloping Longrun Supply Curve) (3) (decreasing cost industry)
::
(perfect monopoly)(Price Maker)(Price Taker)
101 2007 8 3029 200881 .
2008 106
MRMC
1ACMC U
2MRMC
3TRTCMR=SMCTRTVCTRTVC
MR=SMC 1 1017 D(AR)MR(LAC) (LMC)OQ2 OP2
LMCLACOQ1MRSMCLMC
2 () 10-18D1P1OQ1D2MR2MCP2OQ1
3 ( (1)
(2) 1019DP10Q0PnHKQ1P1Q2P2QnPnD
(second-degree price discrimination)
10-20QPQ1Q2Q3P1P2P3P1CH()
(third-degree price discrimination) 10-21MCDD1DD2MR1MR2ZZZZMCOQ
MR1MR2CMRMC OQ1OQ210-21OQ1P1OQ2P2P2P1
10-1
1 (Monopolistic competition)
2 ()
3 10-22 ddPQA
dd POQOPP1OQQ3P2OQ2 DD
10-22PP10Q10Q30Q2DDnDD1nddDDddDDDDdd
DDdd()(MRMC)
1 MRMC P2OQddRRMCRROQlPlPlddDDP1OQ1OQ2
10-24PlddddDDBddP1P1ddBP1DDP1B
ddP2OQ3ddDDOQ4OQ3ddP2CDD 10-25P5OQ5MR=MCP5
OQ5
MRMC
2 10-26ddDD
D1D1dld1P10QlD1D1d1d1D2D2d2d2A0Q2d2d2LAC ddLACDDddLAC10-27ddLACNDDddN,NP0QNDDLACddNLACddLAC
MRLMC ARLAC
,10-28D1MR1Q1P1 AC1AC2
D1D2MR2MR2MCP2Q2
10-2 10-3
1 (Oligopoly)
2 ()
3 1 (2))()()()()
102 1.03 2007GDP 2003 2005 12.7 20% 6.4 8.6 34.4 8.3 14.2 71.1 3764.3 9682.8 157.2 75% 2003 8.43 11.44 56.5 58.9
36 TCL 75 90 90 2002 20
30 20 80 120 10 80 20079
2005
200712
1 (1) 1838 MC=0
10-29ADMRMC00C
(2) 1897
ABdAdB500A3003900B50031500AB1AB500 (3) 1933ABMC0DAOQlBADbOQ2
ABBOQl*OP0BOQlOP
2 1939 MRMC FG OQlOPl
3 1944 ABAB AA1A2BB1B2B3B4AAAlBB3A20B20BB3AA2A10B10A
40( )B10
AA2AlA2BAA1BB1B2B1B4B3(10)(10)B45A5B5AB
1 (Cartel) 1890
2 (1) 10-33ABBADDMRBSMCbSACbASMCaSACaBMRSMCb
P10QbAP2P2AAP1B,PAABA
(2) 10-34DDSSPlP2MCMRP2P2D1D1MRMCP3OQLP3OQcQrQcQLP3
(3)
1 2
3 4
10-3 (5) 1
2 ()
(1) (2) (3)