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Legal
/// // // /
: , ,: , /,
: : // (GA),
IMO()-- IGO, .-- . -- 1973, 1975 .-- 14(5+9), .
BIMCO()
-- NGO, 1905, .-- . CMI()-- NGO, 1897.-- ://.-- :..
(CONSORTIUM):-- 2070, , .(LINER CONFERENCE): -- . -- /, , .-- (, , .) (, , .)-- : /, , .
. (Liner shipping)
1. , , , , , .
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3. ()1> . + 2> // /.3> /. 4> , /.
. (Tramp shipping):1. .2. . 3. , 4. .///
. (, )2. ()3. 4. / . (.)
(general cargo vessel): , ,3-6, , 5000-20000.(ro/ro ship): , . , , . .
(refrigerated ship): /. , .. (Multi-propose ship): . :-- -- -- -- /
(/)/()/(). .:
-- -- -- -- (dry bulk carrier):
. . ,, .(full container ship)::BM32.21-6(P12)
(Tanker):. , ., 2-20, 60.(chemical tanker):///. ///.3000-10000.
(liquified gas carrier)LNGLPG: ()(, ): ()/:()
: -- -- // . // /
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(IMDG Code),1982, , 1996121.//
1. /1> 2> 3> 4>/ 5>6> 7>/ 8> 9> /
2. ()1> / .2> .3> .4> // .5> // .
3. . / . / . .(250mmX250mm).:
4. , .
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////
TEU?Twenty-foot Equivialent Unit 20
: 1930: 20: 2050-60 (): 2060(700-1000TEU) .
: 197013, (>2000TEU): 2080, 80%, (>5000TEU).: 20, EDI(), .. ()
. , ..,.
1 2 (1(2(3
. , . (35MT/17 4/500MT/4) ,.(eg., 50%, 0.5%), .(, , .),.(50%)
. (). (, 40%.) .(, 400), .
.
(20001200TEU)(eg.: 1983-1994, 2.45% 6.4%)
1.(2010291TEU)2.. (6000TEU)3.// (175/)4., . (, /1411.)
()5.()6. (EDI.)7. , .
. ISO
12/3451
. -- ISO/TC104(104)1961, 1964. -- 1978.: A/B/C/D(P37)20ft.(TEU)
1A40ft,8ft,1AAA 9ft 6in1AA 8ft 6in1A 8ft1AX 8ft
2)B30ft,8ft1BBB 9ft 6in1BB 8ft 6in1B 8ft1BX 8ft
3) C20ft,8ft1CC 8ft 6in1C 8ft1CX 8ft
4) D10ft,8ft1D 8ft1DX 8ft
. * * * * :, ,,///.
1. 80%Dry cargo container
20
20' 20' x 8' x 8' 6" ISO 1CC type freight container
20'
20' 20' x 8' x 8' 6" one full side opening container
20'
20' 20' x 8' x 8' 6" two door with one side freight container
20'
20' 20' x 8' x 4' 5" half height container
20'
20' 20' x 8'2" x 8' 6" wide bulk container
40'
40' 40' x 8' x 8' 6" ISO1AA freight container
40'
40' 40' x 8' x 9' 6" ISO 1AAA open top container
40'
40' 40' x 8' x 9' 6" ISO 1AAA freight container
40'
40' 40' x 8' x 9' 6" one door frame on each side freight container
40'
40' 40' x 8'1" x 9' 6" pallet wide container
25'
25' 25' x 8' x 9' 6" freight container
2.
3.
4.
5. /
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. 1.351.4582.4382510.53.28.52
11.
12. 20ft40ftG32G64G66G13220ft24G3212G6412G666G132
. ISO790 73:
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20FT/24MT 40FT/30.48MT !() () 1CM, .() .
() 1. /(/2.438M)2. :1> (H>2.6M,)2> ()3> (.)4> .
() 1. , .2. :1> .2> .3> , .4> .5>
() 1. (chilled cargo)
(frozen cargo)
2. : ////, .
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() 1. 2. :1> 2> , //3>, .4> .(eg. )
() 1. :1> /.2> .3> .4> , . 5> .6> , . 7> (//) 8>
2. IMDGCODE
. (break bulk cargo)(container), () :
. 3257%Eg./1832%Eg.611% eg.
.
1Full Container LoadFCL ,, . -- / -- , . -- . 1:
(2Less Than Container LoadLCL) -- / -- . -- . 2
1. : / 2. CY:( Container Yard) CFS: (Container Freight StationDoor/Ships rail or hook
1. /2. :CY/CY ()CY/CFS()CFS/CFS)CFS/CY()
TEULCLFCLCFSCYCYCFSClients
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. 2006, 1406000TEU. 2008, 110-130.2. ()3. ()1. : ()
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()/DPP/., .4. /.5. /.6. .
()::: .: (: USD250):
. :. .
1. : (OCEAN COMMON CARRIER), , , . : //.
, 1997, 20. -(Maesk-Sealand)(MSC): ()
EVERGREEN
: 45: 21 66
(Asia) 75 (America) 65
(Europe) 62
25(Middle East)
23(Africa & Oceania) 250
14
2. : //, / // //, . : 1953 1980S 1990S
3. : (Non-vessel operation carrier). , ,, , .: 1> . 2> , .
4. : (Ocean freight forwarder), ,, .: (), .
5. : (shipper) , .: , .6. (consignee)
7. : ///// //.: , ,
1.2. 3.
: /, .ETA/ETD, .././. : RAIL TO RAIL7. /TACKLE TO TACKLE : CY/CY
1.1> (CANVASSION): : "": -- -- -- //
1.()2> (BOOKING): : : -- -- FOB, ,(HOME BOOKING), (BUYERS NOMINATED CARGO).
1.()3>/: /: /: :,
2.1> (LOADING): : : -- . --
:: : :
2.()1> (LANDED) : : --//, . -- -- , ( ), . --
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3. -- .-- : 1> () 2> (/GA) : , : /.-- (//) , .-- .-- .
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(Mates Receipt). .(REMARK): :
(Manifest): 1> 2> 3> 4> Freight Manifest
LCLFCLEMP.IMP.
:: /6.
1. (Appointing agent)1. 2.
2. BookingCFSCY1.2. 3. CFS/CY4./
3. Getting empty containerCY1.2.2.3.
4. Container loadCY1./CLP/ 5. Delivery1.2./CLP/CFS1. 2. 3./CLP/3. 2. 4.
7.Getting B/L6. LoadingCY1.,D/R2. D/R3. 4. 5.
1. (Entrusting Order for Export Goods):: 1> ()
2> //, . (P73)
: 1> , . 2> , . (P74) 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> //. 8> , 9> , 10>.
: 1> 2> .CY/
EIR . OUT()IN(): P77
CLP : /. : 1> /CFS/CY. 2> . 3> / 4> 5> 6> CFS/.
, SHUT OUT
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2. 3. /
1. 2. 1.
2. (HOME BOOKING) , (DATE OF DELIVERY).:
/
: ()2. : (G/W): 3. : 4. : (EG: )5. : .( : BUYERS OPTION)6. : (EG: FOB)-- : IMDG CODE -- /: L/9M W/5T-- : L/12M W/20T-- W/3.4M H/2.35M (:): FOB L/W/H-- ():
:
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/ HOME BOOKING , , (),.
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6. (): , .: -- , . -- . -- .
-- -- -- -- -- --
2. : : -- -- -- () -- () --
/ (EIR)
CONSOLIDATOR (CONSOLIDATION):-- CFS -- -- HOUSE B/L
: -- / .-- , -- .
HOUSE B/L () OCEAN B/L HOUSE B/L 1. O. B/L: H. B/L:2.O. B/L:, . H. B/L: O.B/L,O.B/L , .
ABCCFSCFSABC1.2.3.(O.B/L)4.(H.B/L)5. 6.7.8.O.B/L9. H.B/L
D/RCargo name: Consolidated cargoPackages: TTLPort of destination: single B/L No.: singleCargo A:Name: Package:H.b/l No.:Cargo B:Name: Package:H.b/l No.:Cargo C :Name: Package:H.b/l No.:
.
, .
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/: : : /.: : .
. ()
1. (evidence of the contract of carriage)/(), ./(), ., .
2. (evidence of receipt for the goods)Mates receiptDock receiptShipped B/L.FOB/CFR/CIF-- : ( )-- : ()
3. (document of title)./
5 12
2 9
(Shipped B/L) (Received for shipment B/L)2. (Straight B/L)(Order B/L)(Barer B/L)3. (Direct B/L)(Transshipment B/L)(Though B/L)1. .
4. (Clean B/L)(Unclean B/L)5. (Liner B/L)(NVOCC B/L)(House B/L)FCLLCL
, , .: -- , .-- , , , .-- , (P&I CLUB) , .-- , , .
(Advanced B/L) (Anti-date B/L) (Post-date B/L)1. .
. ()2. (On deck B/L)(Omnibus B/L): (Separate B/L): (Switch B/L):(Memo B/L):(Stale B/L):
ABCCACAC 1
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TM FOBMH28T 40 28 2
2.
200512-20061 2006211 13 2006131 50000 3
1 23
1011
()()
.
: NO MARKS"N/M . (2-3)
Marks and Nos. Number and kind of packages Description of goods ) Gross weight (kgs.) Measurement(m3) ABOVE PARTICCLARS FURNSHED BY SHIPER
Port of discharge Place of delivery Freight payable at Number of original Bs/L
Marks and Nos Number and kind of package Description of goods) Gross weight (kgs.) Measurement ABOVE PARTICCLARS FURNSHED BY SHIPER
//
Freight and chargesIN WITNESS wherof the number of original Bills of Lading stated above have been signed ,one of which being accomplished,the other(s) to be void. Place and date of issue Signed for or on behalf of the Carrier as Agents
: /, .: /, . ////. .
: (Paramount clause)2.:(Definition) .3. : (Carriers responsibility). .
4. (Period of responsibility) : . : 5. (limit of liability): .6. (special goods): . :////// .
1. 2. 3. 4.
. (ABC AS CARRIER)1. (XYZ AS AGENT FOR ABC AS CARRIER) (CAPTAIN OPQ AS MASTER)2. : , .3. : 2-3 (Original/Duplicate/Triplicate) :() (On board date) () (Sailing date)
. :, ., ..:, :. (: .)2.
. : .2. : : +:XX+: 3. : TO THE ORDER OF ABCTO THE ORDERABCSHIPPER
. , ., .2. : -- (Eg.:) . -- .
. :1921, 1924, .:16, .
1. (///).2. : ( .) .): ; : 3.: /: 100/.: 200: 500: 700
4. : (): ()(//).
:1> 2> /3> (3)4> : 1> , . 2> , .
5. : , . (): 1> (// ). 2> , . 3> // .
()7. : -- , . -- , . -- , .8. : ., 1, .
. :(CMI)1967-1968, , . 1977, 30.:17, 3/4/9/10.
1. .(, .)/. 2. : -- 10000/ 30/KG() -- . -- , . 15=1
4. . -- .(P112) -- . 3. : -- . -- , , .
: , . 5. : -- -- .
. :1978, , . 1992, 20, .:34,
1. . 2. : 3. : 60, .4. : // .
5. : 835SDR/ 2.5SDR/KG() 6. : .7. : , .8. : , ., .
9. : , . ()10.: , -- -- -- / -- .
12. , . ()11.: -- -- //.
. :1992, 199371. :15278., . . , .
: (Sea waybill), , .. : 1. 2.
. 1. 2. : ,., , .3. , .
. : , , , .2. : , .3. : . 4. , . 5. , .
. 1. : .2. : , .3. : 1> 2> 3> 4> 5> .
(Freight rate):.. (Freight): . QX=
. : () .: .: .
:
Indexl =Pp.QcPc.Qc*100
:
Indexp =Pp.QpPc.Qp*100
:
Indexf =Wa.PpWa.Pc*100
(CCFI),, 1998.-- , 199811-- 11-- 11-- , //, , .
20061117 (%)1066.05 1079.5 1069.95 -0.88% 789.69 882.33 841.63 -4.61% 1335.81 1320.48 1326.85 0.48% 1161.29 1164.63 1193.33 2.46% 1277.35 1226.22 1196.68 -2.41% 657.88 665.2 602.12 -9.48% 655.32 645.86 651.26 0.84% 882.97 904.83 915.56 1.19% 1384.26 1361.6 1358.12 -0.26% 923.98 926.8 923.65 -0.34% 767.45 786.75 759.68 -3.44% 1103.69 1079.6 1054.05 -2.37%
061020
061110
COSCO CONTAINER LINES CO.,LTD. CMA CGM(CHINA)SHIPPING CO.,LTD.CHINA SHIPPING CONTAINER LINES Hanjin Shipping (China) Co.,Ltd.Hapag-Lloyd (China) Shipping Limited"K"LINE (CHINA) LTD.MAERSK (CHINA) SHIPPING CO.,LTD.MOL (CHINA)CO.,LTD.NYK LINE (CHINA) CO.,LTD.OOCL (China) Ltd.P&O Nedlloyd (China) Ltd.PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL LINES (CHINA) SHANGHAI HAI HUA SHIPPING CO.,LTD.SHANGHAI JIN JIANG SHIPPING CO.,LTD.SINOTRANS CONTAINER LINES CO.,LTD.SITC CONTIANER LINES CO.,LTD.
.(Tariff)://:. ,/. : :. , . .,.
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. (BAF)/(PA)(CAF)/(DA)(TS)/(PCS)(LLA)/(HLA)(OS)/(CF)(ADPA)/(DS)(PSS)/(AEL)/W/ T M/T A.V.W/M OPEN
2. 3. : , , .
4. .5. : , .
7. .8. 9.
10.: / .11.: , .12.
13.: ,.14.: . FOB.
. (freight basis).: (FT/W/M) . . : (MINIMUM RATE). . 1-5 , .,
1W2M 3A.V.Ad.Val)4(W/M)5 (W/M or A.V.) 6(W/M plus A.V.)78(open rate)FOB
4:::::
: =907= 1999.59For Example:: =1000= 2204.62: =1016= 2240.15:MT/CBM
. () 1. : F = (1+S1+S2++Sn) . F . Q3. : P FOB = 0.99P CIF / 1 + Ad.Val.2. : F = (f+S1+S2++Sn) . Q
, ///?
1. : FICY CY--FOISTANBUL /LATTAKIA/BEIRUT2. /+( ALL IN RATE))3. : /, .
:1.200,95, 100X40X25, , W/M, 8, 80,10%, 15%.: ? FOB 400,CFR, ?
M = 100X40X25 = 0.1CBMG/W = 95KG = 0.095MTM>WF = 80X0.1X200(1+10%+15%) = USD2000F/PIECE = USD2000/200PIECE = USD10CFR = FOB +F = USD400 + USD10 = USD410
:2. , 800,0.3,0.5,CIF 100USD, , 5%.: ?
F = A.V. = 5% X = USD3771.43
/
(TRAMP). , , ,, .///
. 1. /, .2. , .3. .4. //.5. , .6. //.?,/?
. The owners broker/The charterers brokerBoth parties broker,
Charterercharterers brokerowners brokerownerBoth parties broker12233
1-4%, 1.25%
(Voyage charter)() : / , .(): , , ,
(): //:laytime/Dem/Des??
() ()1.: ()2.: //(/ )3.: ()4.://(
(Time charter)() : , , , .
() 1.: / (/)2.: // (/)3.,/4.//5., ./?
(Bare-boat charter)() : , .() : , : ///(/),/.Lease purchase()
(COA)() : , , /.() :, ./.
(TCT)() : , , , .() :
, TCT/?
()SUBLET,
: ,.: 1. /, . 2. 24/. 3. 4./.
()://: //30%: //:
. () () () ,
(GENCON): , .LAYTIME//(//)
AB
.
Inquiry
offer-- /-- -- -- SUBJECTSFIRM////
(counter offer)
acceptance /
conclusionFIXTURE NOTEP164
1 /2 / 3 / 4 / 5
-- -- / -- -- /
///
. (/) ()?.
1.2. ://3. : . / /4. : . .5. : .?
(Declaration of cargo): ,,, ., , ., (/.)1000MT+/-5%, 900MT, ?
. /, , ., GENCON94:, XX, .
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1. /, .2. /.?3. /: /, /.: , .
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///: /:-- /-- PORT A OR B-- ,, , .
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: ,,, .GENCON94: -- .-- , 48() , , .-- .??
. CARGO1. : , , . (1>/2>/3>).2. : /, DEAD FREIGHT.,, ?3. : : 10-20 94: 96
. LINER TERMS: , .FI: , FILOFO: , LIFOFIO: /FIOST: .?: .: /, .
. 1>2>3>/1> , 2> , , ?
: -- -- -- //:-- -- -- .
. () : ,.() :1. : CQD,.2. 2424
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. () //:1./ . 2. . : 1>2>3>/4> 3. (12-24)?:, (Laytime Exception. ,.?
. () : (all purposes), (reversible laytime)/,/(average laytime)/,/
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P236-243