*
* (positive psychology)
*Kaplan (directed attention): (mental effort) : (attentional fatigue) ! :DLF ''
* ?: (involuntary attention) ! (restorative environment)
*
- ? -
* : (fascinating) !
*: (ambient- stressors) , , , , , : . "" !
,
,
* ?: TV , , ,
hard fascination( ) : ? ? !soft fascination( ): .
*
: , (hard fascination) .
: (soft fascination) .
:
*1. Being Away [; ] , , : !psychologically being away
Being Away : . . .
*2. Extent [; ]1) Coherence [, ] coherence, connectedness, interrelatedness 2) Scope [, ] , (: )
Coherence : . . . Scope : . , .
*3. Fascination [] . soft fascination
Fascination : . . . . .
*4. Compatibility [] !) , , , :
Compatibility : . . . .
*Kaplan & Kaplan (nature) (Kaplan & Kaplan, 1989):
, (open space), , , , , , , . ,
Kaplan, Kaplan, & Ryan(1998) With people in mind: Design and management of everyday nature
*Mausner(1996): 1. Totally natural environments 2. Civilized natural environments 3. Quasi-natural environments 4. Semi-natural environments5. Nonnatural environments
*1. Totally natural environments , abundant: "untouched nature"
2. Civilized natural environments : Totally natural environments (being-in-nature)
*3. Quasi-natural environments . "false nature": , being-in-nature 4. Semi-natural environments/ , , : open space, being-in-nature 5. Nonnatural environments . : ,
-
Window Farm
*
- (2011) -
*
- (2007a, 2007c, 2012) -
*(): , (): () ,
:
*(2007a) : " , ?
(2007c, 2012) :
*
*
*(2007a, 2007c, 2012) : ' - ' , (2007a, 2007c) : ' '
*
(positive psychology)
&
*Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi20 : "" "", , , 21 : !"(strength)" "(virtue)"
* : 1. (positive subjective experience)2. (positive individual traits)3. (positive institutions)
*1. (peak experience): , , , , ,
: . . . . . .
*1. (flow; full engagement)
(spiritual inspiration) , , , , , , , , , , , (healing)
*
: .
. , . .
*Whitehouse, S., Varni, J. W., Seid, M., Cooper-Marcus, C., Ensberg, M. J., Jacobs, J. R., & Mehlenbeck, R. S. (2001). Evaluating a childrens hospital garden environment: Utilization and consumer satisfaction. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 301-314.
* Barbara Fredrickson: (broaden-and-build theory) - : (undoing effect) ,
2. : , , , , , , / / ,
*3. positive institutions: ,
(2008) : : ,
1) (positive family): : : ! (positive family): 2010 ,
2010
* 2) (positive school): - , , ,
3) (positive work): : IMF :
4) (positive community): : , ( ) , ,
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