Zpolynoms Www.underwar.co.Il

10
  יתר יני ל ה ר ג ל 2 - ו נ י ח צ UnderWarrior Project http://underwar.livedns.co.il  - 1 -  ם י מ ו נ י ל ו פ רונ יח צ ר ת ה מ  דרו ה ה ז ךמס מil . co . livedns . underwar :// http . י ה ש ל כ  הימד ה ז ךמס מ ץיפ לה ןי ,  חמ ה ת מ שרופ מ ר ו ש י ל ל . קז נ לכ ל י ר ח ו נ נ י ך מ ס מ ה  ר ח מ, יק ע ו ר י ש י , מסמ עיופמ ה ע ד י מ ש ו מ י ש ה  ק ע םרג י, ת ו נ ו כ נ ל  ןכ וךמסמ םעייפומ ה ם י ש ו נ ה   של ן כ ו ת ה .   ז ם ע, עדימ ה ת קפ לס  כדי ם י צ מ מ ה  יר מ  ה ש ע  ר ח מ ה ר ת ו י ל מ ה ו  ק י ו ד מ ה .   ל ת ו ר ו מ ש  ת ו י ו כ ז ה  ל כונ יח צ Zachi Evenor  Email: [email protected] Home Page:  http://www.tau.ac.il/~bahatgal 

Transcript of Zpolynoms Www.underwar.co.Il

  • - 2

    li.oc.sndevil.rawrednu//:ptth tcejorProirraWrednU -1-

    . ptth//:rawrednu.sndevil.oc.li . , , , ,

    , . .

    ronevEihcaZmoc.socyl@roneve-z:liamElagtahab~/li.ca.uat.www//:ptth:egaPemoH

  • - 2

    li.oc.sndevil.rawrednu//:ptth tcejorProirraWrednU -2-

    (- ' : ; " ) . 1

    . F a ii . + + + + =x a x a x a a x pnn ... ) (2 1 02 F : .= + + + =x x x0 ... 0 0 0 ) (02 : . = x) (0ged . =a n x pn0 | xam ) ( ged} { / : .= c0 ged c0 = + + + =c x x c x p... 0 0 ) (2 :

    . 2

    gniR R ". "" " R : , ) ( 1: )R r q p, , ,

    1 )= p p1( 2 (. )= + = + + + = + + + = +p p p r q p r q p p q q p0 ) ( , 0 0 , ) ( ) ( , .+ = +rp qp r q p) (: ( 5. )=pq qp( 4. )=rq p r qp) ( ) (( 3(. )1

    .x F] [ " " " " F : . x x xn ,..., , ,12} { : .+ =q p qpged ged ) (ged( 2. ) +q p q pged, ged xam ) (ged} {( 1: )x F x q x p] [ ) ( ,) ( : ". " . qp0 q p0 , 0 :

    .=r q p0 =rp qp : . =r q = r q0 p0 = =r q p rp qp0 ) ( : (.=x x q x p) (1 ) ( ) (, )= qp1 x F q] [ p : . = =c x p p0 ) ( 0 ged , ( ) : .= =p qp qged ) (ged 0 ged < =p qp qged ) (ged 0 . p0 :

    , . 3

    . : x F r] [ : , x F g f] [ , :

  • - 2

    li.oc.sndevil.rawrednu//:ptth tcejorProirraWrednU -3-

    .0 g f f g : x F h h hk] [ ,..., ,2 1 , f g f g f gk | , ... , | , |2 1 :

    1|k

    i ii

    f h g= .

    .p g| p f| f g| : .g f| f g| g f , x F g f] [ , : . c =g c f g f : 1 x f0 ) ( = x f0 ) ( . x F f] [ :

    . f ( = af1 ged: ) g f ( 2". )f " f ( 1 ):

    .g=f , , ) p . x F q q] [ ,2 1 : (.= p0 ged ) ( q p q p| |2 1

    . 4

    " F F . + + + =x a x a a x pnn ... ) (1 0 F :... ) (1 0

    n .p = x p) ( + + + = a a a pn

    .= c c F) ( ., . = F0 ) (0., : .= q p qp) ( ) ( ) () (( 2. )+ = + q p q p) ( ) ( ) () (( 1. ) : .= p0 ) ( x F x p] [ ) ( F : x) ( p . x p) ( :

    .= p x p x0 ) ( ) ( | ) (: . p . + =x r x s x x p) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( r,s , . p ) ( : ) (. p x| ) ( = r0 + = = r s p) ( ) ( 0: ,

    . = p0 ) ( =x s x x p) ( ) ( ) ( , p x| ) ( .+ = p x s x x p) ( ) ( ) ( ) (: x F x p F] [ ) ( , :

    . 5

    . f f,1 0 :

    f0 (. ) dcg f1 . f1 ) , . f2

    . f3 f2( - dcg 0

    . .=f f fk ) , (dcg1 0,

    . fk f1 f0 ( 1): . =f f fk) , (dcg1 0 :dcg

    .= +f f h f hk 1 1 0 0 x F h h] [ ,1 0 ( 3. )f f f fk k| |1 0 ( 2)

  • - 2

    li.oc.sndevil.rawrednu//:ptth tcejorProirraWrednU -4-

    f . f f,1 0 :dcg f0 ( 2. )f f f f| |1 0: , f f,1 0 f ( 1: )

    .=f f f) , (dcg1 0 . = +f f h f hk 1 1 0 0 x F h h] [ ,1 0 ( 3. )f f1 . 3 , :

    x F f] [ ' : . 3-1 . f f' | 2 , , f f| ' 1 . 3-1

    . =f f'

    : . f f,1 0 : .= +f h f h1 1 1 0 0 x F h h] [ ,1 0 ( 3. )= f f1 ) , (dcg1 0( 2. ) f1 f0' ( 1)

    dcg , )1 2( : x F h h] [ ,1 0 )3 1(. )2 3(. 1

    . . 1 f1 f0 . = +f h f h1 1 1 0 0 . 6

    : . p1 ged x F p] [ : . p < p p pged ged, ged 12 1 =p p p2 1 - ( 1) . p , . - ( 2)

    . elbicuderri - p - p = p3 ged = p2 ged ( 2. )- = p1 ged ( 1 ):

    . F p p2 ged ( 3. )F . p1 ged x F p] [ :- I

    (.) c - q qk ,...,1 =q q c pk ...1 . - 1 . :

    - , , - n p . n 1-n p p,2 1 < p p pged ged, ged 12 1 =p p p2 1

    . =+q q q q c c pk t t... ... ) (1 1 2 1 = =+q q c p q q c pk t t... , ...1 2 2 1 1 1 - : p x F p] [ :

    (. , )g p| f p| gf p| , x F g f] [ , . f pi | k i 1 f f pk ... |1 p : .- p , p p0 : =q q p2 1 p1 ged, p :

    q p|1 ( )q q p|2 1. . p q qged , ged2 1 =p qged ged1 . p q| 1 q p|1 ... q p|2

    . - p, , . , , = q1 ged2 x f0 ) ( : II = =c c k k' , ' q q p pk k,..., , ,...,' 1 1 F c c' , =q q c fk ... '' 1 =p p c fk ...1

    .= = q p k ii i . ,...,1 : . q q p pk k,..., ,...,1 1

  • - 2

    li.oc.sndevil.rawrednu//:ptth tcejorProirraWrednU -5-

    f qi|, . f , =c c'. " : pj0 . p qj i| k j 1 , qi p p qk j... |1

    ( ) . =p qj i , qi - )=k k' -p -q

    . (. " , ) x F x p] [ ) ( 0 :- III

    .- p p (. p1 ged , . - p ) ((. II ) ) ( :

    , f p| . g p| f p| gf p| ,x F g f] [ , p q - p p q , =p f q) , (dcg . g p| f p|

    f p| =p q (. =qq p' ) q , . = p f1 ) , (dcg . = =p f q) , (dcg 1 q

    p p| = +g p g h gf h) ( ) (2 1 g . = +p h f h1 2 1 x F h h] [ ,2 1 . p . g p| , = +g p g h gf h p) ( ) ( |2 1 gf p|

    . x F x f] [ ) ( 0 (:III II, I )

    ( , ) - p pk ,...,1 F c =x p x p c x fk) ( ... ) ( ) (1 , . " .

    ". " " - f " , . 7

    . =p pj i , 6 : . + 1 , ,

    , ) - p pk ,...,1 F c =x p x p c x fmR Rm ) ( ... ) ( ) (11) ( ) (: .f " . R m ii1 . 1 (

    , f g f g : . R ii i 0 . = p p c gkk ... '11: . f g

    i ig f ) , (dcg} , {nim) ( ) ( , x F x g x f] [ ) ( ,) ( :i

    R Ri

    g f pp g f

    . =

    . g f : .f h hl| ...1 hi f h f hl| .... | 1 :

    . 7

    f x| ) ( . F x F x f] [ ) ( 0 : x . f - x .1 . = x . f x fR| ) ( + xR| ) (1 R : . 1 :

  • - 2

    li.oc.sndevil.rawrednu//:ptth tcejorProirraWrednU -6-

    : ,=n f ged , n x f) (( ) :11

    k t t... ) ( ... ) ( ) (1 1RR R R

    F t ,...,1 =++ q q x x c x fk t t . 1 - +q qk t,...,1 F

    ( 1 ):1

    gedt

    ii

    R f n=

    . n n ( 2. ) = = x x c x fk RRk ) ( ... ) ( ) (11 : . F k ,...,1 : , f :

    1

    gedk

    iif R

    = .=

    : f ) (. ) ( :1

    i ) ( ) ( ) (k

    Ri

    i x x q x f

    = , =

    1 1 1

    i iged ) (ged ) ( gedk k k

    R Ri i i

    i i i f R x x

    = = = . = q0 ged = = =

    : f ( ) f : (. n f , )=n f ged = x x x x fn) (...) () ( ) (2 1

    . : . 8

    1 z p) ( : , ^ : .

    . ^ z p z) ( . p1 ged + + + =z a z a z pnn ... 1 ) (1 : + + + =z a z a z pn kn k... 1 ) ( , ak , . = p1 )0( :

    k1 ^ ak

    < =t p p) ( 1 )0( < tk0 1 . = . = z0 , . < = + =+ Mt t tM t t pk k k1 ) 1( 1 1 ) (1

    ^ z p z) ( . + + + =z a z a a z pnn ... ) (1 0 :1 . p = z0 = a0 0 = z0

    . ( a01 )p a0 0 : ^ z p z) ( . p ged 1 ^ z p) ( : + z z z0 " :2

    .p z0 z0

  • - 2

    li.oc.sndevil.rawrednu//:ptth tcejorProirraWrednU -7-

    . p ged 1 + + + =z a z a a z pnn ... ) (1 0 : z zz a z pa an nnn ... ) (0 1 z0

    zn n1 } { , . + + + = =

    = zn n1 } { . ^ = z p z) ( fni . = z p nn) ( mil = z nn mil - - , . = z p nn) ( mil

    } {k nk1

    z . = z z knk mil0 , ^ =

    ^ z0, 2 z0 = = z p z p nn) ( ) ( mil0 . .

    .^ x ( ) ^ - : . = x x c x fk RRk ) ( ... ) ( ) (11 ^ , . ^ : :

    0) (

    ni

    ii

    x a x f=

    : =0

    ) (n

    ii

    ix a x f

    = . =

    .= f f) ( ) (( 3. ) = g f g f( 2. )+ = +g f g f( 1 ): . , f ^ f ^ :

    ( ) . 9

    . + + + =x a x a a x fnn ... ) (1 0 (: ) p

    q .] p qa an,0 , a p|0 a qn | . f q p _

    ... 01 0 . =q p x/ :n

    na a ap pq q

    , + + + = qn

    2 2 1... 02 1 0n n n n

    p a q p a qp a q an. = p a qp a q a p q ann n n n) ... (2 1 01 2 1 + + + + =

    .a p|0 , q p p . a qn | = pq a q a q a pn nn n n) ... (1 01,

    , + + + =x x a a x fn ... ) (1 0 : . . a0

    . . , ^ . Rx x f] [ ) ( :

    (. + =b ib a z0 |) x f) ( :1 . - :2 .=x f x f) ( ) ( , Rx f] [ : . f = ib a f b0 + = ib a :

  • - 2

    li.oc.sndevil.rawrednu//:ptth tcejorProirraWrednU -8-

    : f :

    1 1ij j) ( ) ( ) ( ) (

    t sRR R

    j j is j i

    x x x x f+ = =

    R s ,...,1 = .+ t s,...,1 R ^ + t s,...,1

    . + = + + = = x x x x x x xR RRRR eR2 ) ( ) () ( ) ( ) (2 22) ( : R - :

    .< ca b0 4 2 + + =c xb xa x p) (2 :

    2) ( 04 2 2

    4 2 + = + + = x c xb xc b b

    4 42 24 2 2

    . = + = x xc b b c b b . 2 , R :

    ( dcg ) . 01

    : ) x F] [ I :

    . I f p x F f I p] [ , ( + I g f I g I f, . :

    x F f fn] [ ,...,1 I p pn ,...,1 : 1

    n

    i iiI p f

    = .

    p . x F x p] [ ) ( : . p . =x F p p] [ ) ( p "

    .= = =p x F p x F p p) ( ] [ ] [ ) (0 0 p p0 . . : p , , x F I] [ : .p I p, , =x F p I] [

    = p0 = I}0{ . , . , :. I ' p I p I}0{ , .

    , . I x F f pf] [ | I p . I p =I sp f r I ps f,

  • - 2

    li.oc.sndevil.rawrednu//:ptth tcejorProirraWrednU -9-

    q ( 2. ) p( 1: ). = p) (dcg :dcg x F h hn] [ ,...,1 ( 4. ) p ( 3. )p q

    1

    ) (dcgn

    i ii

    h p=

    .= = = I0 ) (dcg }0{ }0{( 5. ) = = . p 3-1 : q p q| : = p) (dcg :

    . q qn | , .... , |1: , .=f f f f f f) , (dcg, dcg , , dcg3 2 1 3 2 1) ( ) ( :: x F q] [ . =f f f p) , (dcg, dcg3 2 1) ( :

    . f q f q f q f f f q| | | ) , , (dcg |3 2 1 3 2 1 p q f f q f q f q f q f q| ) , (dcg| | | | |3 2 1 3 2 1) ( q , .

    . .=f f f f f fn n n)) , (dcg,..., (dcg, dcg ,..., dcg1 2 1 1) ( ) ( : x p) ( J x F] [ : J J . x p) ( . =mcl p) (

    h ( 2. ) p( 1: ) =mcl p) ( :mcl . p( 3. )p h 1 01 0 :

    1 0

    ) , () , (dcgf f mclf ff f .=

    .=f f mcl f mcl f f f mcl) , ( , , ,3 2 1 3 2 1) ( ) ( =f f mcl f mcl f mcl f f mcln n n) , ( ,..., , ,...,1 2 1 1) () ( ) ( :

    h hn ,...,1 ( 2. )= f fn1 ) ,..., (dcg1( 1: ) :

    1

    1n

    i iif h

    = .f fn ,...,1 p - ( 3. )=

    f fn ,...,1 - p , )2 3(. dcg )1 2( :

    1

    1n

    i iif h

    = f fn) ,..., (dcg1 )3 1(. p1| =

    . = f fn1 ) ,..., (dcg1 1 f fn ,...,1 . fj fi, j i , f fk ,...,1 : - ( 2. ) f fk ,...,1( 1: ) :

    - ( 3. )j i f fk ,...,1 , fj fi, 1 1 1:

    1

    ... ... . ,...,1k

    k i i j ij i

    + f f f f f g k i=

    .= g gk1 ) ,..., (dcg1( 4. )= = = x F h hk] [ ,...,1 , f fk ,...,1 :

    1 1 1) (1 1 1

    1 ... ...k k k

    k i i i j ii j i i+ f f f f h f h

    = = =

    . = =