Your brain
description
Transcript of Your brain
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Your brain Your brain on music
Melodic Learning
Presented by:Susan Homan, Ph.D
Professor Emeritus, USF College of EducationChief Academic Officer, Electronic Learning Products, Inc.
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My 8-year Journey: from literacy…
to music…to anthropology…
to neuroscience…to melodic learning
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literacy…1960’s Mississippi
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I got to music because a guy came into my office with a singing program
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music…
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Hernando County,Home of the 2005 Pilot Study
with Tune in to Reading
1. West Hernando Middle School
2. 8th grade struggling readers
3. Surprising results
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2005 Pilot Study Results
Control GroupTreatment Group
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
Pre-Test
Post-Test
Sub-se-
quent Gains
4.24.5
4.4
5.7
4.4
6.1
8th Graders reading at a 4th grade level Results Were Sustainable
Over 1 fullgrade level of improvement
Sustained Improvement
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Six Years of Funded Research on
1. Over 1,400 students from 4 Florida school districts
2. Elementary, middle school, high school students
3. ESE, ELL
4. Boys and Girls Clubs
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6-year Research OverviewStudy Year
School Year Description Grade
Levels# of Study Subjects
1 04/05 Pilot study and sustainability analysis 7, 8 46
2 05/06 Replication/expansion 5, 8, 11 252
3 06/07 English language learnersTitle 1 elementary level
63, 4, 5
79302
4 07/08 4 elementary schools2 Boys & Girls Clubs1 rural high school8 juvenile justice sites
4, 59, 10
11
393
5 08/09 1 elementary school1 high school
4, 510
78110
6 09/10 1 elementary school1 high school
4, 59
12026
1,406
>1 yr
Gains
>1 yr
>1 yr
>1 yr
>1 yr
>1 yr
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FloridaAll 5th Graders
District HAll 5th Graders
4 SchoolComposite
All 5th Graders
4 SchoolComposite
Treatment Group
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
63 6671
116TIR users made 63.4% higher gains
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FCAT GainsDSS Change; 2007 - 2008
n=195,400 n=386 n=171n=14,402
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“Using an Interactive Singing Software Program: A
Comparative Study of Middle School Struggling Readers”
Biggs, M., Homan, S., Dedrick, R., Rasinski, T., & Minick, V. (2008). Reading Psychology. 29:195-213.
“Teaching Reading Fluency to Struggling Readers:
Method, Materials, and Evidence”
Rasinski, T., Homan, S., & Biggs, M. (2009). Reading & Writing Quarterly. 25:192-204.
“Reaching the Hard to Reach: A Comparison of
Two Reading Interventions with Incarcerated Youth”
Calderone, C., Bennett, S., Homan, S., Dedrick, R., & Chatfield, A. (2009). Middle Grades Research Journal. American Educational Research Association. (in press)
DoctoralDissertation
By:Marie C Biggs
“Reading Fluency Through Alternative Text: Rereading with an Interactive Sing-to-Read Program
Embedded Within a MS Classroom”
Biggs, M., (2007)
TiR Articles Published in Scholarly Journals
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Why is Singing Making Such a Positive Difference
for So Many Struggling Readers?
1. The literacy perspective
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Literacy PerspectiveNational Reading Panel Report (2000)
Big 5:
1. Phonemic awareness
2. Phonics
3. Fluency
4. Vocabulary
5. Reading comprehension
It left out:
1. Engagement
2. Motivation
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The Literacy Perspective
Singing
Literacy
Big 5 Engagement
& Motivation
Multi-modalities
Multi-sensory
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Multi-Sensory
• Seeing
• Hearing
• Touching
• Tasting
• Smelling
Multi-Modalities
• Visual
• Auditory
• Tactile/Kinesthetic
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Literacy Practitioners and Researchers Recognizedthe Importance of the Use of Modalities and Multi-Sensory
Approaches Beyond Early Childhood
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The literacy perspective provided some pieces to the puzzle, but did not sufficiently answer the question:
“Why is singing making such a positive difference for so many struggling readers?”
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So…I started looking outside the field of literacy
to find areas that already had recognized the importance
of the connections between music and literacy!
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anthropology…
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Anthropology has Long Recognizedthe Importance of Music
Sin
ging
Anthropology
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Timeline
Invention of writing I-Pod
3,000 BC Today
Jesus Christ
1,500 AD
Invention of the printing press
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1919Mithen, Steven. (2005). The Singing Neanderthals: The Origins of Music, Language, Mind, and Body. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts.
“…music has a developmental, if not evolutionary, priority over language.”
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Bone Flute: 50,000 years old
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Revised Timeline
50,000 BC
Bone Flute(first hard evidence
of Melodic Learning)
Invention of writing
I-Pod
3,000 BC 1,500 AD Today
Jesus Christ
Invention of the printing
press
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Anthropology provided more pieces to the puzzle,and along with current events and some new
best-selling books, led me to the area of neuroscience.
1. Gabby Giffords
2. Anthropology study
3. Daniel Levitin & Oliver Sacks (best selling authors)
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neuroscience…
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Neuroscience Perspective
Sin
ging
Neuroscience
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Patel, A. (2008). Music, Language and the Brain. Oxford University Press. NY.
• Armies train by marching to a beat, for instance.
• Beat responses play a role in social bonding.
• Group dancing is a social activity. There also are studies showing that when people move together to a beat, they're more likely to cooperate with each other in nonmusical tasks than if they're not in synch.
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Levitin, Daniel, J. (2006). This is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession. Penguin Group. NY.
• “By the age of five, most children can tell when a note is out of sequence or when an instrument is out of tune.”
• “Humans and music share an evolutionary history. Music and humans co-evolved over tens of thousands of years, and our brains became adapted to music while our music adapted to our changing brains.”
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2626Wolf, Maryanne. (2007). Proust and the Squid. Harper Collins. NY.
• “Words and music are the tracks of human evolution.”
~ John S. Dunne
• “Knowing how something originated often is the best clue to how it works.”
~ Terrence Deacon
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Melodic Learning
“Michael” (4th grade ESE)
• Reluctant to read at any level• Was: shy, insecure• Became: confident, outgoing
“Andrew” (5th grade – ESE/ADD)
Passed from teacher to teacher Moved from reg. classes to special ed
“Didn’t have to bring his cushion to Tune In to Reading”
“Tassie”(5th grade)
Was chronically absent, unmotivated Was failing most classes, but didn’t care Never smiled (look at her now!)
Student Success Stories
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More Student Success Stories:
Tune In to Reading improves oral reading
“Tiffany”
No longer had to take speech classes;
didn’t stutter due to singing
“Marty” Abused child, 3 foster homes in 2 years! Totally nonverbal and non-participatory Singing “Silent Night” broke the silence
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Conceptual View of Melodic Learning
SingingMelodic Learning
Anthropology Neuroscience
Literacy
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Working Definition of Melodic Learning
• A method of learning whereby the key characteristics of Singing (pitch, rhythm and rhyme) greatly facilitate learning within a multi-modal, multi-sensory framework.
• ML encompasses the recent work on the brain and music utilizing the importance of patterns in the learning process.
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Who knew we could invite struggling readers
back to the table with a song?
One thing we can do:
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How Does Melodic Learning ProduceImproved Learning Outcomes?
• Adds essential rhythmic elements to the foundation of multisensory learning
• Activation of multiple senses – multiple channels are open for input
• Engagement & motivation
Some of the ways are:
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Sacks, Oliver. (2007). Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain. Alfred Knoph. NY.
“Music can move us to the heights or depths of emotion.”
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“Alive Inside”
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For more information contact:
Susan Homan, Ph.D. [email protected]
Ann Kay [email protected]
Electronic Learning Products, [email protected]
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One thing we can do…
• Who knew we could invite struggling readers back to the table with a song?