Ying-Dar Lin 1

P2P Operational and Business P2P Operational and Business ModelsModels

Prof. Ying-Dar Lin 林盈達交通大學資訊科學系

Department of Computer and Information ScienceNational Chiao Tung University

Hsinchu, Taiwanydlin@cis.nctu.edu.tw

www.cis.nctu.edu.tw/~ydlinNovember 1, 2000

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Content

Napster: the start of digital anarchy DFS (Distributed File Sharing) variations Computing spectrum: A wider view Business models

Changes to existing markets New markets

Challenges Standardization Research issues

Start-ups boom

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Napster: The Start of Digital Anarchy

DFS (Distributed File Sharing) -- FTP, NFS, Web

Shawn Fanning, 19-yr-old student nicknamed Napster at Northeastern Univ: share MP3 files with peers around the world

Napster.com: p2p MP3 exchange service

RIAA: Massive levels of copyright infringement

Follow up -- Gnutella, Freenet, Scour, OpenNap, CuteMX, iMesh, Ezpeer, startups, P2Pwg ….

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DFS Variations

FTP NFS Web NapsterShawn Fanning

GnutellaGene Kan @ AOL

FreenetIan Clark

Purpose Remote file sharing

Local file sharing

Remote file sharing (portal)

File-sharing community (portal)

Decentralized file sharing community

Decentralized anonymous file sharing

Moderated? Yes Yes Yes Yes No No

Access control?

Yes Yes No No No No

Search Server-based

Server-based

Server-based

Server-based

p2p p2p

File transfer Client/server

Client/server

Client/server

p2p p2p p2p

File transfer protocol

ftp nfs http, caching

proprietary

http Proprietary,encrypted, caching

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Screenshots – NapsterSearching ….

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Screenshots – NapsterDownloading ….

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Screenshots – GnutellaLogging ….

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Screenshots – GnutellaSearching & Downloading ….

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Screenshots – Ezpeerfancy but less peers ….

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Screenshots – EzpeerSearching & Downloading ….

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Observations

Centralized (management) vs decentralized (better sharing & client utilization)

Mosaic HTML/HTTP ~ Napster p2p ?

Xerox PARC: on Gnutella, 70% users are free riders,

1% users contribute 50% files Result of court trial on Napster: to use or to abuse Not just file sharing, but about computing models

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Computing Spectrum: A Wider View

Mainframe PC Web P2P

centralized client-to-server peer-to-peer

no sharing less sharing more sharing

Cathedral Bazaar

central directory peer directory

central file server peer file access

censorship anonymity

closed open

top-down bottom-up

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Business ModelsChanges to Existing Markets

Category Market Existing Changes with P2P

Equipment

Providers

P2P Applications

Info Appliances

Web-based client/server

Lack of P2P connectivity

P2P tools, components, applications

Enhanced P2P connectivity

Service

Providers

Search Engines

Portals

Community

ASP (B2B, C2C)

Biased

Out of date -- can’t keep up the

pace of growing web pages

Passive servers

More accurate

Fast update/query

Equal opportunity

Active servers

Content

Providers

E-Commerce

Advertisement

Entertainment

Passive pull

Static pages

Active push

Dynamic individualized

pages

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Business ModelsNew Markets

Category Market New features with P2P

Equipment

Providers

Collaboration All kinds of large-scale groupware

Service

Providers

Distributed computing

Media sharing

Edge services

Intelligent agents

CPU sharing

Storage sharing

Local caching service

Resource discovery

Content

Providers

Content brokers Well-targeted push

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Challenges: Standardization

Interoperability of P2P applications/platforms/tools

Intel-hosted P2Pwg: first met on 10/12/2000

Intel’s top-down approach (imposed, pay to play

-- yet another form of P2P…)

vs IETF’s bottom-up approach (emerging)

http://www.peer-to-peerWG.org

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Challenges: Research Issues

Interoperability Security

Virus, Trojan horses Deception

Scalability Gnutella divides users into “horizons” of 10,000 hosts Millions of mini-Internets within the Internet? Need bridges.

Latency Search/discovery

Mechanism for billions of peers and millions of groups

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Start-ups Boom

IBM, MS, Sun, etc. www.uddi.org: UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration) registry – equal-opportunity B2B (C2B, C2C later) connectivity with MS’s WSDL/SOAP (Web Service Description Language, Simple Object Access Protocol)

Bowstreet Inc. www.bowstreet.com: open source JUDDI (Java UDDI)

OpenDesign, Inc (originally named “What U Want, Inc.”, www.whatuwant.net C2C platform and service first), HP’s E-Speak www.e-speak.hp.com, Sun (Java/Jini-based, upcoming in Nov): competitors to UDDI

Siemens-incubated WebV2 www.webv2.com (agent-based)

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Other Booms

NeedICQ: needicq.com Applied Meta Computing: www.appliedmeta.com Currid & Company: www.currid.com CenterSpan: www.CenterSpan.com Hummer Winblad Venture Partners: www.humwin.com Trusted Computing Platform Alliance: www.trustedpc.org United Devices: www.uniteddevices.com Legion: www.cs.virgina.edu/~legion SETI@home: setiathome.ssl.berkeley.edu