Xu Li Tieng Noi - Thay Loan
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Transcript of Xu Li Tieng Noi - Thay Loan
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x l ting nix l ting nix l ting nix l ting niTrnh Vn LoanTrnh Vn Loan
FIT-HUTFIT-HUT
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X l ting ni
Ti liu tham khoTi liu tham kho1.1.La parole et son traitementLa parole et son traitementautomatiqueautomatique
Calliope, Masson, 1989Calliope, Masson, 198922.. Traitement de la paroleTraitement de la paroleRene Boite et Murat Kunt, PresseRene Boite et Murat Kunt, PressePolytechniques Romandes, 1987Polytechniques Romandes, 1987
33.. Fundamentals of Speech SignalFundamentals of Speech SignalProcessingProcessing
Saito S., Nakata K. , Academic Press,Saito S., Nakata K. , Academic Press,
19851985
Ti liu tham khoTi liu tham kho1.1.La parole et son traitementLa parole et son traitementautomatiqueautomatique
Calliope, Masson, 1989Calliope, Masson, 198922.. Traitement de la paroleTraitement de la paroleRene Boite et Murat Kunt, PresseRene Boite et Murat Kunt, PressePolytechniques Romandes, 1987Polytechniques Romandes, 1987
33.. Fundamentals of Speech SignalFundamentals of Speech SignalProcessingProcessing
Saito S., Nakata K. , Academic Press,Saito S., Nakata K. , Academic Press,19851985
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X l ting ni
Ni dungNi dung1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
2.2. X l tin hiu ting niX l tin hiu ting ni
3.3. M ho ting niM ho ting ni4.4. Tng hp ting niTng hp ting ni
5.5. Nhn dng ting niNhn dng ting ni
Ni dungNi dung1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
2.2. X l tin hiu ting niX l tin hiu ting ni
3.3. M ho ting niM ho ting ni4.4. Tng hp ting niTng hp ting ni
5.5. Nhn dng ting niNhn dng ting ni
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X l ting ni ?X l ting ni ?
X l thng tin cha trongX l thng tin cha trongtn hiu ting ni nhmtn hiu ting ni nhmtruyn, lu trtruyn, lu tr tn hiu nytn hiu ny
hochoc tng hp, nhn dngtng hp, nhn dngting ni.ting ni.
1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
Cc nghin cu -c tin hnhCc nghin cu -c tin hnh x l ting ni yu cu nhng x l ting ni yu cu nhng
hiu bit trn nhiu lnh vchiu bit trn nhiu lnh vcngy cng a dng: tngy cng a dng: t ng mng mvv ngn ng hcngn ng hc cho ncho n x lx ltn hiu...tn hiu...
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Mc chMc ch
M hoM ho mt cch c hiu qumt cch c hiu qutn hiu ting ni truyn vtn hiu ting ni truyn vl-u tr ting ni.l-u tr ting ni.
1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
Tng hpTng hp vv nhn dngnhn dng ting niting ni
tin ti giao tip ng-imy bngtin ti giao tip ng-imy bngting ni.ting ni.Tt c cc ng dng ca x lTt c cc ng dng ca x lting ni u cn phi da trnting ni u cn phi da trn
cc kt qu cacc kt qu ca phn tchphn tch tingtingnini
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11.. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bnPhn bit ting ni vPhn bit ting ni vmm thanh:thanh:
cc c tnh m hc c nguncc c tnh m hc c ngungc t c ch to ting ni.gc t c ch to ting ni.C 2 loi ngun mC 2 loi ngun m
tun hon (dy thanh rung)tun hon (dy thanh rung) tp m (dy thanh khngtp m (dy thanh khngrung)rung)
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B my pht mB my pht m1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
Hng
Thc qun
Np thanh qun
Kh qun
Dy thanh
Vm ming cng
Vm ming mm
Khoang mi
Li
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S khi b my pht mS khi b my pht m
1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
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Thanh mn (1)Thanh mn (1)11.. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
Thanh mn
Dy thanh
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Thanh mn (2Thanh mn (2))
cc v tr ht, th, pht m, cc v tr ht, th, pht m,ni th thoni th tho
1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
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Dy thanh trong mt chu k daoDy thanh trong mt chu k daongng
1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
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Biu din tn hiu tingBiu din tn hiu tingnini
Dng sng theo thi gianDng sng theo thi gian
1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
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Biu din tn hiu ting niBiu din tn hiu ting ni
Ph tn hiu ting niPh tn hiu ting ni
1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
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Biu din tn hiu ting niBiu din tn hiu ting ni
Spectrogram (Sonagram)Spectrogram (Sonagram)
1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
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To m hu thanh . Formant vTo m hu thanh . Formant v
antiformantantiformant
1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
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To m v thanhTo m v thanh1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
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Mt s c im ng mMt s c im ng mting Vitting Vit
n m titn m tit
C thanh iu (6), bin iC thanh iu (6), bin i
thanh iu km theo bin ithanh iu km theo bin i
nghanghaKhng bin i hnh thiKhng bin i hnh thi
1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
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M hnh to ting ni (FantM hnh to ting ni (Fant1960)1960)
)z1)(z1(
A)z(G
11
K
1k
2
k2
1
k1 )zbzb1(
B)z(V
)z1(C)z(R 1
P
1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
Lc thngLc thng
thp G(z)thp G(z)
Lc thngLc thng
thp G(z)thp G(z)Tuyn mTuyn m
V(z)V(z)
Tuyn mTuyn m
V(z)V(z)Ti bc xTi bc x
R(z)R(z)
Ti bc xTi bc x
R(z)R(z)
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A(z): Hm truyn t ca b lcA(z): Hm truyn t ca b lcoo
M hnh ton im ccM hnh ton im cc
(AR(AR))
)z(A)z(R)z(V)z(G)z(T
1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
1K2
1i
i
iza1)z(A
)n(u)in(xa)n(xp
1i
i
)z(A)z(T
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Nu tnh n khoang miNu tnh n khoang mi
xut hin cc imxut hin cc imkhng(ARMA)khng(ARMA)
)z(A
)z(C
)z(A)z(A
)z(T2
2
1
11zc)z(C -i
q
0i
i 0c
1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
)in(uc)in(xa)n(x
q
0i
i
p
1i
i
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Bi tpBi tp
1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
2
k k kk 21 2
k k k
1 2 z cos zH (z)
1 2 z cos z z z +
= +
i 1.
m truyn t ca mt b lc s tn s formant Fk c cho bi:
rong , , T: chu k ly mu, : di thng.
. V cc im cc ca Hk(z) trong mt phng Z
. Vit phng trnh sai phn m t quan h gia tn hiu ra yk(n) v tn hiu vo xk(n)
. V s khi ca b lc s ny vi 3 b nhn.
. Bng cch sp xp li cc s hng ca phng trnh sai phn,
kT
kz e
=k k2 F T = k2
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Bi tpBi tp
1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
i 1.
m truyn t ca mt b lc s tn s formant Fk c cho bi:
rong , , T: chu k ly mu, : di thng.
2
k k kk 21 2
k k k
1 2 z cos zH (z)
1 2 z cos z z z +
= +
kT
kz e=k k2 F T = k2
k
' 2 2 2 2 2k k k k k
1,2 k k k k
jk
| z | cos |z | |z | sin
p |z |cos j|z |sin
|z |e
= =
=
=
1. H(z) c 2 im cc l nghim ca mu s:
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Bi tpBi tp
1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
1
0,7
f
K
Di thng
Fk
Bk
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Bi tpBi tp
1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
k
k Re(z)
Im(z)
|zk|
|zk|
p1
p2
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Bi tpBi tp
1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn
a) Xc nh bin i z ca g(n): Tra bng
http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch23243/dsp-presentation/xlths.ppt#Slide%2084http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch23243/dsp-presentation/xlths.ppt#Slide%2084 -
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Phn tch ph tn hiu tingPhn tch ph tn hiu tingnini
2.2. X l tn hiu ting niX l tn hiu ting ni
2.2. XX l tn hiu ting nil tn hiu ting ni
B lcB lchiuhiu
chnhchnh
B lcB lchiuhiu
chnhchnh
Ca sCa sCa sCa s FFTFFTFFTFFT
LogLog1010|.||.|LogLog1010|.||.|
H(z)=1-az-1
a = 0,95..0,98
Hamming
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x(n)= x(n).w(n)
X(f) = X(f) * W(f)
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s(n) = h(n) * e(n) S() = H().E()
2.2. X l tn hiu ting niX l tn hiu ting ni
X l ng hnhX l ng hnh(homomorphisme)(homomorphisme)
log[S()]= log[H()]+ log[E()]
FFT-1{log[S()]}=FFT-1{log[H()]}+ FFT-1{log[E()]}FFT-1{log[S()]}: cepstrum:
FFT-1{log[H()]}: thng tin v`h(n):FFT-1{log[E()]}: thng tin v`ngu`n:
s(n))
h(n))
e(n))
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2.2. X l tn hiu ting niX l tn hiu ting ni
S khi x l ng
hnh
B lc
hiuchnh
B lc
hiuchnh
Ca
s
Ca
s
FFTFFT
Log10|.
|
Log10|.
|
FFT1FFT1
c(n)
FFT
?
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T0
h(n))
= +
s(n) h(n) e(n)
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2.2. X l tn hiu ting niX l tn hiu ting ni
Tin on tuyn tnh (LinearPrediction Coding)
Tin
on
p
1i
i )in(xa)n(x
Sai s tinon
)n(x)n(x)n(e
Sai s bnh ph-ngton phn n
2)n(eE
Ti thiu hosai s
p,...,2,1i,0a
E
i
M hnh tonim cc
)n(u)in(xa)n(xp
1i
i
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22.. X l tn hiu ting niX l tn hiu ting ni
Xc nh tn s cbn Fo
Ging nam: 80 .. 250 Hz. Ging n:150..500 Hz
Xcnh
Fo
Xcnh
Fo
nhgi
kt qu
nhgi
kt qu
Tin
x l
Tin
x l
Mt s ph-ng php xc nh Fo Da vo hm t t-ng quan
Da vo hm vi sai bin trung bnh Dng b lc o v hm t t-ng quan
X l ng hnh
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2.2. X l tn hiu ting niX l tn hiu ting ni
Da vo hm t tng quan
1
1
( ) ( ) ( ) 0,1,...,N k
n
r k x n x n k k K
=
= + =Fs = 10 kHz, N = 300, K =Fs = 10 kHz, N = 300, K =
150150Tm cc i trong khongTm cc i trong khong
(0, K)(0, K)
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2.2. X l tn hiu ting niX l tn hiu ting ni
Da vo hm t tng quan
Hn ch, loi b |x|
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2.2. X l tn hiu ting niX l tn hiu ting ni Da vo hm vi sai bin trung bnh
(Average Magnitude Difference
Function) (1)
( ) 0, 0,1,...D iP i= =
1/ 21 1
2
0 0
1 1( ) ( )
N N
n nu n u nN N
= =
2
1/ 2
1( ) [ ( ) ( )]
2[ (0) ( )] 0,1,...,1
1/2N-1
n=0
D k x n x n kNr r k k K
= +
= =
3.3. M ho ting niM ho ting ni
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g g
Cc tnh cht l-ng t uCc tnh cht l-ng t uT s tn hiu trn nhiu
2
210lg (d B) 6,02 4,77 20lgx s
xe
xSN b
= = +
max4 (d B) 6 7,3Nu sx SN b= =
Vi b 6, tng 6 dB mi khi tng 1 bit l-ngt
c cht l-ng thch hp cn c b 11
3.3. M ho ting niM ho ting ni
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g
s
n
dB 10
WNSN
N W
SN 10log SN
ng l- ng tn hiung l- ng nhiu
= =
=
dB 10
BiSN 20log Bi
n tn hiun nhiu
=
Hoc
3.3. M ho ting niM ho ting ni
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Nng lng SN (dB)
Tn hiu = Nhiu 0
Tn hiu = 2 Nhiu 2
Tn hiu = 10 Nhiu 10
Tn hiu = 100 Nhiu 20
Tn hiu = 1000 Nhiu 30Tn hiu = 10N Nhiu N x 10
3.3. M ho ting niM ho ting ni
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L-ng t logaritL-ng t logarit Sau khi ly logarit bin tn hiu s m
ho tuyn tnh
log[]log[] Q[]Q[] M hoM ho
signe[]signe[]
x(n) c(n)
y(n)
y'(n)
exp[]exp[]Gii mGii m
signe[x(n)]
c(n)
x'(n)
x'(n)
3.3. M ho ting niM ho ting ni
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L-ng t logaritL-ng t logarit Hai gii php dng cho inHai gii php dng cho in
thoithoiLutLut (dng M)(dng M)
log(1 )
log(1 )
xy
+=
+
Lut A (dng Lut A (dng
chu u)chu u)1 log1 log
A xyA
+= +255 87,56A = =:
8 bit logarit ~ 12 bit l-ng t8 bit logarit ~ 12 bit l-ng t
uu
3.3. M ho ting niM ho ting ni
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L-ng t thch nghiL-ng t thch nghi B-c l-ng t tu thuc vo bin B-c l-ng t tu thuc vo bin
tn hiutn hiu Thch nghi tr-cThch nghi tr-cy(n)y(n)
Q[]Q[] M hoM hox(n)x(n)
c(n)c(n)Thchnghi
k.i
Thchnghi
k.iG(n)G(n) G(n)G(n)
y(n)
y'(n)
Gii mGii m c(n)c(n):: y'(n)x'(n)=G'(n)
G(n)G(n)
3.3. M ho ting niM ho ting ni
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L-ng t thch nghiL-ng t thch nghi Thch nghi sauThch nghi sau
Q[]Q[] M hoM hox(n)x(n)
c(n)c(n)
y(n)y(n)
Thchnghi
k.i
Thchnghi
k.i
G(n)G(n)
y(n)
y'(n)
Gii mGii m c(n)c(n)::
y'(n)x'(n)=
G'(n)
G(n)G(n) Thchnghi
k.i
Thchnghi
k.i
3.3. M ho ting niM ho ting ni
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M ho vi sai (DPCM)M ho vi sai (DPCM) L-ng t hoL-ng t ho
3.3. M ho ting niM ho ting ni
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G.721 : ADPCM, 32 kbps, 4bits, 8kHz G.722 : ~ADPCM, 48 n 64 kbps, G.723 : ~ADPCM, 24 kbps, 3 bits, 8kHz
G.728 : 16 Kbps GSM : in thoi di ng, 13 kbps Linear Predictive Encoding (Xerox), 5 kbps Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP)
Digital Video Interactive : ~ADPCM, 4 n 8 bits VoIP: G723.1 (6.4kbits/s), G728, G729 (8kbits/s)