xolo saWiro saxis informaciis gamoyvana xdeba brouzerSi an ... · HTML gaxlavT internetisTvis...
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g. RvinefaZe WEB -daprogrameba I nawili HTML teqnikuri universiteti
Transcript of xolo saWiro saxis informaciis gamoyvana xdeba brouzerSi an ... · HTML gaxlavT internetisTvis...
g. RvinefaZe
WEB-daprogrameba
I nawili
HTML
teqnikuri universiteti
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saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti
g. RvinefaZe
WEB-daprogrameba
I nawili
HTML
damtkicebulia
stu-s saswavlo-meToduri
sabWos mier
Tbilisi
2007
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uak 681.3.06
ganxilulia hiperteqstebTan muSaobis specializebuli ena HTML - bazisuri saSualeba WEB-gverdebisa da saitebis Sesaqmnelad.
gankuTvnilia informatikis specialobaTa Semswavleli studentebisa da am sakiTxebiT dainteresebuli pirebisaTvis.
recenzentebi: prof. o. natroSvili,
asoc. prof. T. suxiaSvili
© gamomcemloba “teqnikuri universiteti”, 2007
ISBN 99940-14-59-5
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H T M L Sesavali
internetSi informaciis ganTavsebisTvis saWiro gaxda axali saSuale-
bebis SemuSaveba.
globalurma qselma ara marto daakavSira erTmaneTTan adamianebi
msoflios yvela kuTxidan, aramed aqcia isini e. w. internet-teqnologiebis
momxmareblebad. aRniSnuli teqnologiebi ufro farTo gamoyenebis obieq-
tadac ki iqca, vidre maTi uSualo daniSnuleba gaxlavT. magaliTad, Cven
SegviZlia internetSi CarTvis gareSec gamoviyvanoT brouzerSi, vTqvaT,
kompaqt-diskoze Cawerili informacia.
internet-teqnologiebidan, pirvel yovlisa, SeviswavliT HTML-s (HyperText Markup Language) – hiperteqstis gawyobis enas.
hiperteqsti ganimarteba, rogorc Cveulebriv teqstze ufro meti
informaciuli da funqciuri monacemebis Semcveli dokumenti.
saerTod, roca teqnologiebzea saubari, cxadia, aq mxolod dokumentis
Seqmnis meTodebs ar gulisxmoben. did rols asrulebs informaciis
gadacemis meTodebic, magram es ukve sxva specialobis Temaa.
HTML gaxlavT internetisTvis dokumentebis momzadebis bazisuri
instrumenti, magram misi SesaZleblobebi SezRudulia. amis gamo, dRei-
saTvis farTod gamoiyeneba hiperteqstis Seqmnis sxva gzebic (zogierT ZiriTad saSualebas SemdgomSi SeviswavliT).
aRvniSnoT, rom hiperteqsturi dokumentisTvis kodis momzadeba
nebismier teqstur redaqtorSia SesaZlebeli, Tumca arsebobs specia-
lizebuli hiperteqsturi redaqtorebic. informaciis gamoyvana saWiro
saxiT ki xdeba brouzerebsa an imave specializebul redaqtorebSi.
SevniSnoT, rom hiperteqstis koreqtireba SesaZlebelia brouzeris meS-
veobiTac _ umeteswilad Web-furclis kodi View→Source brZanebiT
gamogvyavs Notepad teqstur redaqtorSi (iyeneben File→Edit in MS Front Page brZanebasac).
koreqtirebis Semdeg, Refresh Rilakze dawkapunebiT modificirebuli
faili xelaxla gamogvyavs ekranze.
ama Tu im teqstur redaqtorSi Seqmnil fails vimaxsovrebT htm an
html gafarToebiT. Sesrulebaze misi gaSveba (mocemul SemTxvevaSi brouzerSi CatvirTva) xdeba CvenTvis kargad nacnobi, operaciul sistemaSi
miRebuli xerxebiT.
rac Seexeba internetidan failebis kopirebas, maT brouzeris meSveobiT
ama Tu im saqaRaldeSi vimaxsovrebT standartuli, aseve kargad nacnobi
xerxiT _ File→Save as brZanebiT. SesaZlebelia furcelze arsebuli
calkeuli naxatis damaxsovrebac Save Picture as brZanebis meSveobiT. magram gacilebiT ufro xSirad imaxsovreben Web-furclis mxolod misamarTs,
romelsac, rogorc wesi, Favorites saqaRaldeSi aTavseben.
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Web – furclis agebuleba
HTML-furclis pirveli versia SeimuSava tim benerslim 90-iani wle-
bis dasawyisSi (warsulSi popularuli Mosaic brouzerisaTvis). msoflio
ablabudis – WWW-is popularobam es saqme swrafad waswia win da
dReisaTvis farTod gamoiyeneba HTML-is is versia, romelsac Dinamic HTML-sac uwodeben. igi eyrdnoba iseT brouzerebTan TanamSromlobas,
romelTac SeuZlia muSaoba HTML kodSi CaSenebul Applet da Script ele-
mentebTan.
apleti (Applet) warmoadgens programas, romelic Web-furclis CaTva-
lierebisas dinamikurad miuerTdeba HTML-kods failis saxiT.
Script anu scenari gaxlavT programa, romelic umetes SemTxvevaSi dawe-
rilia JavaScript-is erT-erT versiaSi da warmoadgens Web-furclis
maformirebel HTML-kodSi CarTul damatebiT komponents.
SeniSvna: Script scenarebis Seqmnas Semdgom SeviswavliT.
axla ki, SevudgeT saqmes. qvemoT moyvanilia martivi Web-dokumentis magaliTi. igi warmodgenas iZleva dokumentis tipuri struqturis Sesaxeb.
avkriboT es hiperteqsti Notepad redaqtorSi da faili davimaxsovroT,
davuSvaT, Strukt.html saxeliT (yuradReba miaqcieT gafarToebas!).
<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Web-furclis struqtura</title> <STYLE> H1, H2, H3, H4 {font-family: AcadNusx;} H6, A, P {font-family: LitNusx;} </style> <META http-equiv=”Content-Type” content=”text/html; charset=windows-1252”> <META name=”Author” content=”Amiran Georgadze”> </head> <BODY bgcolor=#DFDFDF> <!-- komentari furclis Sesaxeb --> <A name=”top”> furclis dasawyisi </a> <P> gadavdivarT furclis <A href=”#bottom”> boloSi</a><P> gadavdivarT furclis <A href=”#middle”><B> SuaSi</b></a><P> <HR> <H1>saTauri 1</h1> <H2>saTauri 2</h2> <H3>saTauri 3</h3> <H4>saTauri 4</h4> <H5>saTauri 5</h5> <H6>saTauri 6</h6> <HR> <P>aq mdebareobs furclis Sua nawili <A name=”middle”></a>
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<H1>saTauri 1</h1> <H2>saTauri 2</h2> <H3>saTauri 3</h3> <H4>saTauri 4</h4> <H5>saTauri 5</h5> <H6>saTauri 6</h6> <HR> <A name=”bottom”></a><P> gadavdivarT furclis <A href=”#top”> dasawyisSi</a> </body> </html>
listingSi moyvanili hiperteqsti warmoadgens calkeuli elementebis
krebuls.
elementi gaxlavT HTML-is konstruqcia _ erTgvari konteineri,
romelic Seicavs ama Tu im wesiT dasaformatebel (an raime sxva gziT dasamuSavebel) monacemebs.
elementebi erTmaneTisagan gamoiyofa kuTxovan frCxilebSi Casmuli mar-
kerebis, anu tegebis (tag) meSveobiT. zogjer bolo tegs arc iyeneben - mis
rols momdevno elementis sawyisi tegi asrulebs. aseTi SemTxvevebis
ricxvi SedarebiT cotaa. kidev ufro iSviaTad, magram xdeba, rom zogierT
elements saerTodac ar gaaCnia bolo tegi.
sasurvelia, sawyisi da saboloo tegebi erTmaneTisagan didi da patara
asoebiTac ganvasxvaoT.
moviyvanoT Sesabamisi tegebis garemocvaSi moqceuli saTaur-elementis
magaliTi:
<TITLE> rwyili da WianWvela </title> Web-furclis struqturidan gamomdinare, Tanmimdevrulad ganvixiloT
misi elementebi.
<HTML> </html> yoveli Web-furceli warmoadgens erTmaneTSi Calagebuli elementebis
garkveul konstruqcias. <HTML> </html> “matrioSkis” garsacmSi moTav-sebulia Web-furclis yvela sxva elementi: HEAD, BODY da a.S.
aqve SemovitanoT atributis cneba. igi gaxlavT elementis parametri,
Tviseba da warmogvidgeba am elementTan dakavSirebuli, gansazRvruli
saxelis mqone cvladis saxiT, romelsac dumiliT an Cven mier raime
mniSvneloba mieniWeba. amasTan, teqsturi mniSvnelobebi, ricxviTisagan
gansxvavebiT, ormag brWyalebSi Caismeba.
atributebi Tavsdeba sawyisi tegis SigniT da erTmaneTisagan Sualede-
biT gamoiyofa.
atributebi aqvs <HTML> </html> elementsac (version, lang da dir), Tumca maT iSviaTad iyeneben.
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<HEAD> </head> es elementi gaxlavT Web-furclis pirveli nawili – misi Tavi. igi
Seicavs TITLE elements, dasaSvebia masSi mravali sxva elementis
moTavsebac, SeiZleba daxasiaTdes lang da dir atributebiT. HEAD elementSi gansazRvrul parametrebs Zala aqvs mTeli Web-
furclisaTvis.
<TITLE> </title>
am elementSi Setanili teqsti figurirebs ara dokumentSi, aramed bro-
uzeris fanjris saTauris ubanSi.
es teqsti xSirad gamoiyeneba WWW-Si dokumentebis Ziebisas. amitom
saWiroa igi zustad asaxavdes dokumentis daniSnulebas.
zemoT kodSi Cven furclisTvis saTaurad avirCieT Web-furclis struqtura.
<STYLE> </style>
vxedavT, rom imave kodSi stilebi davuniSneT H1, H2, H3, H4, H6, A da P elementebs.
am daniSvnebis gareSe maT (iseve, rogorc H5 elements) stilebi du-
miliT daeniSneboda. amrigad, <STYLE>-elementis gamoyeneba aucilebeli
ar gaxlavT, magram xSirad sasurvelia.
<META>
es elementi mxolod samsaxurebrivi informaciis dasafiqsireblad ga-
moiyeneba. mas ar sWirdeba bolo tegi, radganac igi ar Seicavs Web-furcelze gamosayvan teqsts.
META-elementSi aucileblad unda figurirebdes ori ZiriTadi
atributi, romlebic migviTiTebs META-monacemebis tipsa da Semcveloba-
ze.
moviyvanoT META-monacemebis magaliTebi (SevniSnavT, rom es monacemebi uSualod Web-furcelze ar aisaxeba).
_ Web-furclis avtoris saxeli:
name = “Author” content = “saxeli, gvari”.
_ Web-furclis mosaZebni sakvanZo sityvebi:
name = “Keywords” content = “sityva-1, sityva-2, sityva-3 . . .”
_ Web-furclis mokle Sinaarsi:
name = “Description” content = “anotacia”
_ Web-furclis tipis da maxasiaTeblebis aRwera:
name = “Content-Type” content = “tipi, maxasiaTeblebi”
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magaliTad, content = “text/html”
_ HTML–redaqtoris Cveneba, romelSic Seiqmna mocemuli dokumenti:
name = “Generator” content = “HTML-redaqtoris saxeli”
_ dokumentis vargisianobis TariRi:
name = “Expires” content = “TariRi” _ eleqtronuli fostis misamarTi:
name = “Reply-to” content = “saxeli@misamarTi”
Web-furclis Sesaxeb am damatebiTi informaciis gamoyeneba momxmare-
bels SeuZlia romelime programis meSveobiT.
Tu name atributi Secvlilia http-equiv atributiT, maSin am
informaciiT sargeblobs serveri, raTa damatebiTi velebi Seqmnas
moTxovnebis Sesasruleblad.
META-elementi SeiZleba URL-sac Seicavdes: URL = “http : // misamarTi”
<META> elementebis gamoyeneba saTauris seqciaSi savaldebulo ar
gaxlavT, magram sasurvelia. misi meSveobiT, magaliTad, SeiZleba
avtomaturad ganisazRvros Web-furclis kodirebis saxe:
<META http-equiv = “Content-Type” content = “text/html; charset=windows-1252”>
meta-elementebSi mocemuli informacia – e.w. profili SeiZleba failSi
SevinaxoT da saWiroebis dros Semdegnairad mivuerToT Web-furcels:
<HEAD profile=”URL”>
<BODY> <body>
swored, es elementi Seicavs ekranze gamosayvan hiperteqsts. mis sawyis
tegSi gansazRvruli atributebis mniSvnelobebi mTel teqstze vrceldeba.
kerZod, fonisaTvis gamoyenebuli failis misamarTi ase moicema:
background=”failis misamarTi”
fonad SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes erTi tonalobis feric, romelic
ganisazRvreba:
a) Sesabamisi sityviT inglisur enaze:
bgcolor = “feri”, magaliTad: bgcolo r= “red”
b) sami orTanriga TeqvsmetobiTi ricxviT: bgcolor = “#RRGGBB” es ricxvebi gviCvenebs mocemuli feris Semadgeneli wiTeli (R),
mwvane (G) da lurji (B) ferebis intensivobebs. magaliTad, igive wiTeli ferisaTvis gveqneboda:
bgcolo = “#FF0000”
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sainteresoa, rom fonisaTvis SeiZleba erTdroulad gamoviyenoT orive
saSualeba. Tu, vTqvaT, ama Tu im mizeziT naxati ver moiZebna, maSin
imuSavebda meore varianti.
Web-furcelze mocemuli informaciis ukeT aRsaqmelad ferebi SeiZle-
ba SevurCioT:
• teqsts _ text = “#RRGGBB”, • hiperdayrdnobebs _ link = “#RRGGBB”, • CaTvalierebul hiperdayrdnobebs _ vlink = “#RRGGBB”, • bolos nanax hiperdayrdnobas _ alink = “#RRGGBB”.
<!-- komentarebi --> teqsti, romelic Setanilia am elementis SigniT, brouzeris mier ek-
ranze ar gamoitaneba. igi gvexmareba, gaverkveT kodis calkeuli
fragmentebis daniSnulebaSi.
magaliTad: < ! - - cxrilis gamoyvanis dasawyisi - ->
<H3> </h3> HTML iyenebs eqvsi donis saTaurs. saTauris elementSi nomeri
(mocemul SemTxvevaSi ricxvi 3) migviTiTebs, Tu romeli donis saTaurad
unda iqnes gamotanili ekranze teqsti.
sawyis tegSi SeiZleba gamoviyvanoT teqstis ganlagebis ganmsazRvreli
align atributic, romelmac SeiZleba miiRos erT-erTi am mniSvnelobaTagani:
“left”, “center”, “right”.
<HR> horizontaluri xazi (horisontal rule) is elementi gaxlavT, romelic
meore tegs ar saWiroebs. misi meSveobiT SesaZlebelia Web-furceli
davyoT pirobiT nawilebad.
am elementisaTvis gaTvaliswinebulia atributebi:
size = sisqe piqselebSi (ricxvebi brWyalebs ar saWiroebs) width = sigrZe piqselebSi
an
width = sigrZe procentebSi % (brouzeris fanjris siganesTan mimarTe-baSi)
color = ”feri” gaiTvaliswineba align atributic. misTvis SesaZlebelia “left”,
“center”, “right” da “justify” mniSvnelobebis miniWeba.
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<A> </a> A elements ori gansxvavebuli, magram erTmaneTTan kavSirSi myofi
roli ekisreba:
a) Wdis Seqmna. roca Web-furceli didi zomisaa, saWiro xdeba swra-
fad movZebnoT misi esa Tu is ganyofileba. am mizniT, upirveles
yovlisa, unda movniSnoT ganyofilebis dasawyisi, risTvisac
Sesabamis striqonSi vqmniT Wdes:
<A name = “Wde”> aq SesaZlebelia damxmare teqstis gamoyvanac </a> Wde SeiZleba gamoviyenoT sxva furcelze gadasvlis drosac.
b) hiperdayrdnobis Seqmna. WdiT moniSnul fragmentze an sulac sxva
Web-furcelze gadasasvlelad SeiZleba SevqmnaT hiperdayrdnobebi:
<A href = “#Wde”> mocemuli WdiT moniSnul ganyofilebaze gadasasvle-lad daawkapuneT aq </a>
<A href = “Web-furclis URL-misamarTi” > ama da am Web-furcelze gadasasvlelad daawkapuneT aq </a>.
<A href = “Web-furclis URL-misamarTi#Wde”> saWiro Web-furclis WdiT moniSnul ubanze gadasasvlelad daawkapuneT aq </a>.
teqstis daformateba
Cven mier teqstur redaqtorSi akrefili teqstis daformatebis speci-
fikas brouzeri araviTar yuradRebas ar aqcevs _ mas es teqsti ekranze
gamohyavs, rogorc TiTo SualediT dacilebuli sityvebis nakadi.
cxadia, sasurvelia, Web-furcels ufro gamomsaxveli saxe mivceT. am
miznis misaRwevad HTML enaSi gaTvaliswinebulia daformatebis specia-
luri saSualebebi, romlebic erTnairad gamoiyeneba teqstur redaqtorebSi
hiperteqstis momzadebis dros da, faqtobrivad, erTnair efeqts gvaZlevs
sxvadasxva brouzerSi teqstis ekranze gamotanisas.
daformatebis saSualebebi isev elementebis saxiT warmogvidgeba. garda
amisa, damatebiTs SesaZleblobebs gvawvdian e.w. stilebis cxrilebi (maT qvemoT ganvixilavT).
gavecnoT yvelaze ufro xSirad gamoyenebad daformatebis elementebs:
<P> </p> abzacis (paragraph) elementis bolo tegs xSirad arc iyeneben. mis
rols iTavsebs momdevno abzacis sawyisi tegi. magaliTad:
<P> pirveli abzacis teqsti. <P> meore abzacis teqsti. </p>
abzacis elementis sawyis tegSi SeiZleba CarTul iqnes align atributi: <P align = “center”> abzacis teqsti
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<BR>
am elements aqvs mxolod sawyisi tegi. mis Semdeg ganlagebuli teqsti
ekranze axali striqonidan gamodis.
<NOBR> </nobr> elementSi moqceuli teqsti ekranze erTi striqonis saxiT gamodis. Tu
igi masze ver eteva, viyenebT horizontaluri gadaxvevis zols.
<PRE> </pre> elementSi moTavsebuli teqsti brouzerSi inarCunebs sawyis daforma-
tebas. ZiriTadad iyeneben programebis listingebis an imgvari dokumentebis
gamosayvanad, romelTa xelaxla daformatebas SeuZlia daamaxinjos maTi
Sinaarsi.
<CENTER> </center> es elementi akeTebs imasve, rasac align = “center” atributis mniSvne-
loba.
<B> </b> teqstis gamsxvilebis am efeqts Zalze xSirad mimarTaven.
<BIG> </big> da <SMALL> </small> es elementebi erTi doniT adidebs (amcirebs) Sriftis zomas.
<I> </i> teqsti gamoiyofa kursivis meSveobiT (ukeTdeba daxra).
<S> </s> gamohyavs gadaxazuli teqsti.
<U> </u> gankuTvnilia teqstis xazgasmisaTvis.
<SUB> </sub> da <SUP> </sup> es elementebi teqsts gardaqmnis qveda da zeda indeqsebad. zogjer maT
iyeneben mTeli abzacis patara SriftSi gamosayvanadac.
<TT> </tt> am elementSi Setanili teqsti gadaiyvaneba teletaipis SriftSi _
simboloebi erTi siganis xdeba.
<BASEFONT size=Sriftis bazuri zoma>
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elementi gansazRvravs Sriftis bazur zomas mTeli Web-furclisaTvis.
size atributi mniSvnelobebs Rebulobs 1_7 diapazonSi. DdumiliT gaTva-
liswinebulia 3-is toli zoma.
am elementis sxva atributebi FONT elementis atributebis analo-
giuria.
<FONT> </font> gansazRvravs Sriftis moxazulobis saxes, zomasa da fers.
daviwyoT feriT. igi moicema atributiT
color = “feri” (ix. wina masalebi) Sriftis saxis ganmsazRvreli atributi SeiZleba Seicavdes Sriftebis
sias. magaliTad:
face = “Arial, Verdana, Tahoma” Tu kompiuterze arc erTi am SriftTagani ar aRmoCnda dayenebuli,
gamoiyeneba dumiliT gaTvaliswinebuli TiTo-TiTo Srifti toli siganis
da proporciuli Sriftebis variantebisaTvis.
rac Seexeba zomas, igi SeiZleba mocemuli iyos absoluturi mniSvnelo-
biT: size=1_7 anda, rogorc fardobiTi, zemoT ganxiluli bazuri zomis mimarT:
size= +n size= -n cxadia, n ise unda SeirCes, rom size-s mniSvneloba 1_7 diapazons ar
gascdes.
FONT elements saTaurebisaTvisac iyeneben, raTa SesaZlebeli gaxdes,
vTqvaT, Sriftis feris gansazRvrac. FONT elements aseT SemTxvevaSi ga-
moiyeneben sxva elementebTan (CENTER, B, I da a.S.) kombinaciebSi.
daformatebis damatebiTi saSualebebi specifikuri
teqstebisaTvis
qvemoT ganxiluli elementebi gankuTvnilia specifikuri Sinaarsis mqo-
ne teqsturi fragmentebis ekranze asaxvisaTvis. aq xazi unda gaesvas Sem-
deg garemoebas _ sxvadasxva brouzeri TiToeuli elementisaTvis daforma-
tebis sakuTar variants irCevs, Tumca ZiriTadi mizani miRweulia _ yvela,
vTqvaT, citata ekranze gamodis erTnairi, teqstis sxva nawilebisgan
gansxvavebuli saxiT.
<BLOCKQUOTE> </blockquote> teqsti warmogvidgeba citatis saxiT _ abzaci daiZvreba. sxva mxriv,
teqsti ar icvleba. Tu saWirod migvaCnia citatis brWyalebSi Casmac, Cven
TviTon unda SevitanoT isini sawyis teqstSi.
elementi aucilebelia meore tegiT dabolovdes. sawyis tegSi SesaZle-
belia citirebis wyaros miTiTebac URL saxiT:
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cite=”URL”
<Q> </q> wina elementebisagan imiT gansxvavdeba, rom citata iqmneba ara calke-
uli abzacis saxiT, aramed mocemul abzacSi.
moviyvanoT kidev zogierTi, SedarebiT naklebmniSvnelovani elementebis
sia maTi daniSnulebis Sesaxeb mokle informaciiT:
<CODE> </code> - gankuTvnilia programuli fragmentebisaTvis,
<VAR> </var> - cvladebis aRsaniSnavad,
<SAMP> </samp> - magaliTis saxis moyvanili monacemebisaTvis,
<KBD> </kbd> - momxmareblis mier klaviaturidan Setanili teqstis
aRsaniSnavad,
<ABBR> </abbr> - abreviaturebisaTvis, <ACRONYM> </acronym> - akronimebisaTvis.
kvlav stilis Sesaxeb. stilebis cxrilebi
Cven ukve SeviswavleT <STYLE> </style> elementi, romelic
Tavsdeboda HEAD elementSi da modificirebas ukeTebda dumiliT
gaTvaliswinebul stilebs ama Tu im donis saTaurebisa Tu Web-furclis
sxva Semadgeneli nawilebisTvis. praqtikaSi xSirad moiTxoveba, Web-furcelze konkretuli ubani gadavaformatoT HEAD ubanSi gansazRvruli
an dumiliT gaTvaliswinebuli stilisagan gansxvavebuli saxiT. am mizans
emsaxureba standartuli style atributi, romelic gamoiyeneba uSualod
romelime konkretuli ubnisaTvis (abzacisaTvis):
<P style = “font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; color: blue”> rogorc vxedavT, mocemul SemTxvevaSi stilis calkeuli atributebis
mniSvnelobebis gansazRvrisaTvis gansxvavebuli wesebi gamoiyeneba.
moviyvanoT STYLE elementis gamoyenebis SedarebiT rTuli magaliTi:
<STYLE> H1 {border-width: 1; border: groove; text-align: center; color: green} H2 {color: maroon; font-style: italic} P {color: violet; font-size: 16pt} CODE {font-family: LitNusx; font-size: 14pt } P CODE {font-weight: bold; background: blue } </style> gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mivaqcioT P CODE konstruqciisaTvis sti-
lis gansazRvris wess. am stils kodisaTvis brouzeri maSin gamoiyenebs,
roca es kodi Cadgmuli iqneba abzacSi, rogorc misi Sida elementi. maSin
im atributebis mniSvnelobebi, romlebic uSualod P CODE konstruqciis kodisaTvis gansazRvruli ar gaxlavT, memkvidreobiT gadmova calke P-sa da calke CODE-saTvis gansazRvruli atributebidan.
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amrigad, vxedavT, rom STYLE elements SeuZlia atributebis mniSvne-
lobis erTdroulad gansazRvra yvela abzacisaTvis an romelime donis yve-
la saTaurisaTvis da a.S., xolo atributi style adgilze axdens romelime
konkretuli saTauris Tu abzacis gadaformatebas.
stilebis kaskaduri cxrilebi
stilebis gamoyenebaSi Semdgomi nabiji iqna gadadgmuli e.w. stilebis
cxrilebis SemoRebiT. maTi arsi is gaxlavT, rom teqstis ama Tu im ele-
mentisaTvis Cven SegviZlia SevqmnaT sxvadasxva saxelis mqone stilebi, anu
klasebi, riTac `meniu~ ufro mravalferovani gaxdeba.
HTML moiTxovs, rom sistemas ecnobos stilebis cxrilebis gamoye-
nebis Sesaxeb, risTvisac HEAD ubanSi unda CavrToT aseTi meta-gansaz-
Rvreba:
<META http-equiv = “Content-Style-Type” content = “text/css”> Sedegad brouzeri miiRebs informacias, stilebis gansazRvris romeli
ena gamoiyeneba. css am SemTxvevaSi aRniSnavs e.w. stilebis kaskadur cxrils
(Cascading Style Steets). igi erTdroulad standarticaa da enac, romelic
afarToebs tradiciuli HTML-is SesaZleblobebs. dReisaTvis arsebobs
ori specifikacia: css1 da css2, romlebic gacilebiT met atributebs (aq maT Tvisebebi ewodeba) Seicavs, vidre es uSualod HTML-Si aris gaTva-liswinebuli.
stilebis cxrilis Sambloni amgvari saxis aris:
elementi.stilis-saxeli {Tviseba1: mniSvneloba; Tviseba2: mniSvneloba;. . .}
aRvniSnoT, rom aseTi konstruqciebi obieqtze orientirebuli daprog-
ramebis enebisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli da, cxadia, rom sintaqssac
ramdenadme gansxvavebuli saxe aqvs.
moviyvanoT saxeldebuli stilis Seqmnis magaliTi:
<STYLE type = “text/css”> H1.red1 {color: RGB (215,40,40); text-align: center} </style> pirveli donis romelime saTaurisaTvis adgilze red1 stilis
gamosayeneblad vsargeblobT konstruqciiT:
<H1 class = “red1”> saTauris teqsti </h1> mocemuli SesaZleblobis mqone stilis zogadi saxeliaOklasi. Cven
SegviZlia SevqmnaT sxva klasebic: red2, red3 da a.S., romelTa meSveobiTac
SegveZleba sxvadasxva stili ganvusazRvroT erTsa da imave elements
(mocemul SemTxvevaSi pirveli donis saTaurs).
imisaTvis ki, rom sasurvel stilSi gansxvavebuli elementebi davafor-
matoT (magaliTad, saTaurebi da Cveulebrivi teqsti), STYLE elementSi
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konkretuli stilis saxels win unda wavumZRvaroT # simbolo. Sedegad
SevqmniT e.w. universalur klass. magaliTad:
<STYLE type = “text/css”> #steel {color: RGB(155, 180, 190)} </style> xolo adgilze unda gamoviyenoT id atributi: <H2 id = “steel”> saTauri </h2> <P id = “steel”> abzacis teqsti </p>
stilebis cxrilebi Web-furclisaTvis e.w. css-failidanac SeiZleba
gamoviZaxoT, Tanac erTmaneTis miyolebiT (swored, amitom uwodes maT kaskaduri). magaliTad, SeiZleba erTmaneTs daedos Web-furclis avtoris,
serveris da momxmareblis stilebi. yoveli axlad gamoZaxebuli stilis
cxrili koreqtirebas ukeTebs winas.
css-failis Semcveloba SeiZleba iyos aseTi:
P.spec1 {color: green; font-variant: small-caps;} P.new1 {color: maroon; font-style: italic;} P.new2 {color: maroon; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: 2pt;} furcelTan failis mierTeba ki xdeba HEAD seqciaSi LINK elementis
CarTviT:
<LINK href = “failis-saxeli.css” rel = “stylesheet” type = “text/css”>
<DIV> </div> da <SPAN> </span> elementebi
es ori elementi specialurad stilebis gamoyenebisaTvis aris Seqmnili.
pirveli asrulebs konteineris rols masSi myofi yvela elementisaTvis,
romelTac Sesabamisi stili ganesazRvreba.
meore SeiZleba gamoviyenoT mocemuli elementis (magaliTad, abzacis) nawilisTvis stilis modificirebis mizniT:
a) <HEAD>
<STYLE type = “text/css”> DIV.saxeli { Tviseba: mniSvneloba; . . .} </style> </head> <BODY> <DIV class = “saxeli”> <H1> saTauri </h1> <P> pirveli abzaci <P> meore abzaci </div> </body>
b) <HEAD> <STYLE type = “text/css”>
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SPAN.saxeli { Tviseba: mniSvneloba; . . .} </style> </head> <BODY> <H1> qvesaTauri </h1> <P> <SPAN class = “saxeli”> teqsti 1 </span> teqsti 2 </p> </body> amrigad, stili SeiZleba ganesazRvros: dokumentis erT elements (maga-
liTad, abzacs); yvela erTsaxelian elements (davuSvaT, meore donis saTaurebs da Cveulebriv teqsts); dabolos, css-failis gamoyenebiT _
sxvadasxva dokumentebis rigs.
siebi
siebs (list) Cven jer kidev Word-idan vicnobT. aqac viyenebT unomro da danomril siebs.
Sablonebs aqvs Semdegi saxe:
<UL> (unordered list) <LH> unomro sia
<LI> siis punqti <LI> siis punqti <LI> siis punqti </ul>
<OL type=”I”> (ordered list) <LH> danomrili sia
<LI> pirveli punqti
<LI> meore punqti <LI> mesame punqti </ol>
OL danomrili siis sawyis tegSi type atributma SeiZleba miiRos
mniSvnelobebi:
atributebi numeraciis saxe
type=“1” 1, 2, 3, 4 . . . type=“i” i, ii, iii, iv, . . . type=“I” I, II, III, IV, . . . type=“a” a, b, c, d, . . . type=“A” A, B, C, D, . . .
amasTan, sastarto sidide SeiZleba 1-sgan gansxvavdebodes. mas gansaz-
Rvravs start atributi. magaliTad:
start=15;
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sainteresoa, rom value atributiT uSualodac SeiZleba ganvsazRvroT
siis LI elementis nomeri.
rac Seexeba UL unomro siebs, misi punqtebisaTvis dasaSvebia markeris saxis sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr arCeva:
circle, square, disc, none
am mizniT unomro siis sawyis tegSi type atributs vaniWebT Sesabamis mniSvnelobas. magaliTad:
<UL type = “square”> <LI> pirveli punqti
<LI> meore punqti <LI> mesame punqti </ul>
aRsaniSnavia, rom TiToeuli nomriani punqti, Tavis mxriv, SeiZleba
Seicavdes daunomravi qvepunqtebis nebismier ricxvs. aseTi sia iqmneba
Semdegi Sablonis meSveobiT:
<DL> (definition list) <DT> pirveli punqti <DD> vaSli
<DD> msxali <DT> meore punqti <DD> stafilo
<DT> mesame punqti <DD> araJani </dl>
SeiZleba SevqmnaT unomro siaSi Calagebuli nomriani siebic:
<UL> <LI> pirveli punqti
<OL> <LI>1.1 qvepunqti <LI>1.2 qvepunqti </ol> <LI> meore punqti <OL> <LI>2.1 qvepunqti <LI>2.2 qvepunqti <LI>2.3 qvepunqti </ol> </ul>
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cxrilebi
cxrilebs, garda Tavisi pirdapiri daniSnulebisa, damatebiT dizaineris
funqciebic ekisreba. maTi meSveobiT SeiZleba mwyobrSi movaqcioT furclis
nawilebi; gverdigverd movaTavsoT teqsti da naxati, SevqmnaT feradovani
xaliCa da sxv.
cxrilis elementebis CamoTvla xdeba zemodan qvemoT da marjvnidan
marcxniv.
davxatoT martivi cxrili, Semdeg ki davweroT misTvis programuli
kodi.
martivi cxrili
saTauri 1 saTauri 2
ujra 1 ujra 2
ujra 3 ujra 4
<TABLE border=4 cellspacing=3 > <CAPTION> martivi cxrili </caption> <TR><TH bgcolor = “yellow”> saTauri 1 <TH bgcolor = “yellow”> saTauri 2 <TR><TD> ujra 1
<TD> ujra 2
<TR><TD> ujra 3
<TD> ujra 4
</table>
ganvmartoT kodis Semadgeneli, CvenTvis ucnobi detalebis arsi:
border atributi cxrilis gare CarCos sisqes gansazRvravs. SeiZleba
mas nulis toli mniSvnelobac mivaniWoT. CarCos danarCeni nawilis sisqe
ki cellspacing atributiT ganisazRvreba. Tu mis mniSvnelobas nulis tols
aviRebT, CarCo dawvrildeba, magram mainc darCeba ekranze.
<CAPTION> elementi (warwera) qmnis cxrilis saTaurs.
TR-elementebi striqonebs ageben. maT SigniT svetebisaTvis (SesaZloa striqonebisTvisac) ganlagdeba ujra-saTaurebi (mocemul cxrilSi “saTau-ri 1” da “saTauri 2”-is Semcveli ujrebi). am ujra-saTaurebs qmnis TH-
elementebi. dabolos, TD elementi agebs cxrilis Cveulebriv ujras.
cxrilisaTvis SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes rigi atributebisa. ganvmartoT zogierTi atributis daniSnuleba.
valign atributis “top”, “center” da “bottom” mniSvnelobebis mixedviT
xdeba ujraSi teqstis zeda, Sua an qveda poziciaSi gamoyvana. am atributs
SeuZlia miiRos “baseline” mniSvnelobac. magaliTad:
<TR valign=”baseline”> <TD> striqoni 1 <br> striqoni 2 <TD> wigni
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pirvel ujraSi gvaqvs teqstis 2 striqoni. valign atributis “baseline” mniSvneloba uzrunvelyofs momdevno ujris Semcvelobis (“wigni”) gamoyva-
nas wina ujris pirveli striqonis ( “striqoni 1” ) doneze.
atributebis rowspan=m da colspan=n meSveobiT SeiZleba ujrebis
gaerTianeba vertikalsa da horizontalze.
dasaSvebia ujrebis zomebis pirdapiri gansazRvrac:
width=sigrZe height=simaRle
davweroT kodi Semdegi cxrilisTvis:
cxrili gaerTianebuli ujrebiT
ujraSi, romelic ar Seicavs teqsts, viTvaliswinebT e.w. uwyveti
Sualedis simbolos _  , riTac Tavidan vicilebT cxrilis badis
damaxinjebas.
<TABLE border = “4” cellspacing=3 background = “naxatis faili”> <CAPTION><I> cxrili gaerTianebuli ujrebiT </i></caption> <TR><TH rowspan = “2”> <TH colspan = “2”> saTauri 1 <TR><TH>saTauri 1.1<TH> saTauri 1.2 <TR><TH>saTauri 2<TD> ujra 1<TD> ujra 2
<TR><TH>saTauri 3<TD> ujra 3<TD> ujra 4
</table>
striqonebis dajgufeba <THEAD>, <TFOOT> da <TBODY>
elementebis meSveobiT
es xerxi saSualebas iZleva, TiToeul jgufs calke ganesazRvros
stili.
aseTi cxrilebis Seqmnisas gaviTvaliswinoT, rom:
1. jer unda vuCvenoT TiTo-TiTo THEAD da TFOOT elementi, Semdeg
ki _ erTi an ramdenime TBODY elementi (cxrilis agebisas, cxadia, brouzeri TFOOT bloks qvemoT moaqcevs).
2. yoveli bloki unda Seicavdes svetebis erTnair raodenobas.
A
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avagoT kodi Semdegi cxrilisTvis:
saTauri 1 saTauri 2
striqoni 1 ujra 1.2
striqoni 2 ujra 2.2
striqoni 3 ujra 3.2
striqoni 4 ujra 4.2
striqoni 5 ujra 5.2
qveda bloki
<TABLE border=2> <THEAD> <TR><TD>saTauri 1<TD>saTauri 2 <TFOOT> <TR> <TD>qveda bloki<TD> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>striqoni 1<TD> ujra 1.2 <TR> <TD>striqoni 2<TD> ujra 2.2 <TBODY> <TR> <TD>striqoni 3<TD> ujra 3.2 <TR> <TD>striqoni 4<TD> ujra 4.2 <TR> <TD>striqoni 5<TD> ujra 5.2 </table> vxedavT, rom <TBODY> elementi cxrilSi ramdenimec SeiZleba iyos
(gansxvavebuli daformatebis uzrunvelsayofad).
svetebis dajgufeba <COLGROUP> da <COL> elementebiT
<COLGROUP> elementi saSualebas iZleva SevqmnaT erTnairi stilis
mqone svetebis jgufebi.GganvixiloT magaliTi:
1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5
2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5
<TABLE border=4> <COLGROUP span=1 width = “30” bgcolor = “lime”> <COLGROUP bgcolor = “yellow”> <COl span=2 width = “30”> <COl width = “60”> <COLGROUP bgcolor = “aqua”> <Col width = “50”> <TR><TD> 1-1 <TD> 1-2 <TD> 1-3 <TD> 1-4 <TD> 1-5
<TR><TD> 2-1 <TD> 2-2 <TD> 2-3 <TD> 2-4 <TD> 2-5
</table>
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TiToeuli COLGROUP elementi span atributis meSveobiT gansazRv-ravs jgufSi im svetebis raodenobas, romlebzec vrceldeba aRniSnul ele-
mentSi daniSnuli Tvisebebi.
dasaSvebia span atributis gamoyeneba ara COLGROUP elementSi,
aramed mis SigniT gansazRvrul COL elementebSi. saerTod, roca
gamoiyeneba Tundac erTi COL elementi, COLGROUP-Si span-is gamoyeneba azrs kargavs. masSi svetebis raodenoba ganisazRvreba Semadgeneli COL elementebis raodenobiT (romelTagan zogi, rogorc aRvniSneT, SeiZleba span atributsac Seicavdes).
COL elementebis meSveobiT SesaZlebelia moxdes svetisa da svetebis
jgufebisaTvis Tvisebebis nawilis modificireba.
cxrilis struqturis gansazRvris Semdeg xdeba calkeuli ujrebis
SemcvelobaTa Cveneba.
sintaqsi HTML -Si
axla, roca gavecaniT sakmao masalas, SeiZleba mwyobrSi moviyvanoT Cve-
ni fragmentuli codna HTML-enis sintaqsisis Sesaxeb. vxedavT, rom HTML, HEAD, TITLE da BODY elementebis ganlageba
erTnairad unda xdebodes nebismier furcelze (garda freimebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevisa, rasac qvemoT ganvixilavT. aq BODY-is nacvlad gamoiyeneba FRAMESET elementi).
aucilebelia vicodeT, Tu romeli elementi romelSi SeiZleba Caidges.
kodis am ubanze programistebs sakmaod xSirad mosdiT Secdomebi. moviyva-
noT tipuri Secdomis SemTxveva:
<H1> saTauri 1 <H2> saTauri 2 </h1> saTauri 3 </h2> zogjer brouzeri Secdomas Tavad asworebs, rac SesaZloa, yovelTvis
arc emTxveodes damproeqteblis Canafiqrs. zogierTi elementi sxvadasxva adgilas SeiZleba ganlagdes. magaliTad,
cxrili SeiZleba moTavsdes BODY-Si, rogorc damoukidebuli elementi da
SeiZleba Caidges abzacSic, rogorc misi nawili.
simboloebis kodireba
internetSi simboloebis asaxvisTvis standartul reJimad iTvleba ISO Latin 1 kodirebis gamoyeneba. brouzers problemebi ar eqmneba rogorc MS DOS-Si, aseve Windows-Si momuSave teqsturi redaqtorebiT momzadebuli
hiperteqstebis gamoyvanisas.
magram, roca saWiroa erovnuli alfabetis gamoyenebac, maSin aucilebe-
lia vuCvenoT charset atributi da sworad ganvsazRvroT misi mniSvneloba.
magaliTad, rusuli teqstebisaTvis faqtiurad sakmarisia ori yvelaze
popularuli kodirebis (kirilica Windows da kirilica KOI8-R) gamoyeneba.
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koduri cxrilis Cveneba ase xdeba:
charset=windows-1252 charset=КОИ-8 SesaZloa, internetidan gadmogzavnil Web-furclis kodSi charset
atributi gamorCenili an arasworad naCvenebi iyos (magaliTad, Word-sa da Front Page Express-Si hiperteqstebis momzadebisas furclis kods avto-maturad emateba charset atributis mniSvneloba, rac kirilicis gamoyenebis saSualebas ar iZleva). aseT SemTxvevaSi informacia ekranze damaxin-
jebulad aisaxeba. mdgomareobis gamosworeba SeiZleba brouzerSive View → Source brZanebaSi Sesabamisi kodirebis arCeviT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom brouzerebs ISO Latin 1 kodirebis garda muSaoba
SeuZliaT Unicode 2.0 kodirebis sistemasTanac. am ukanasknelSi TiToeul
simbolos ori baiti eTmoba, rac nacionaluri alfabetebis pirdapiri
warmodgenis SesaZleblobas iZleva (saWiro aRar gaxlavT charset atributisadmi mimarTva). magram Unicode 2.0-is masiur gamoyenebas xels
uSlis is garemoeba, rom bevri teqsturi redaqtori misadagebuli ar
gaxlavT am kodTan muSaobisaTvis.
specsimboloebis gamoyeneba
nebismieri simbolo hiperteqstSi SeiZleba Setanil iqnes ricxviTi
kodis saxiTac. magaliTad, dasaSvebia laTinuri A simbolo warmovadginoT
A aRniSvniT. zogierTi specsimbolosaTvis ki, kodis damaxsovrebis
gaadvilebis mizniT, iyeneben e.w. mnemonikur kodsac:
kodi ricxviTi kodi mnemonikuri kodi dasaxeleba simbolo
34 " " brWyali " 38 & & ampersandi & 60 < < naklebobis niSani < 62 > > metobis niSani > 160   uwyveti Sualedi 167 § § paragrafis niSani § 172 ¬ ¬ uaryofis niSani ¬ 176 ° ° gradusi 0
178 ² ² 2-is xarisxi 2
215 × × gamravl. niSani * 247 ÷ ÷ gayofis niSani /
aseTi SesaZleblobis gamoyenebas gansakuTrebiT aqvs azri iseTi simbo-
loebisaTvis, romlebic klaviaturaze ar aris asaxuli. magaliTad, ekranis
parametrebis saCveneblad iyeneben konstruqcias: 640×480.
22
xazgasmiT aRvniSnoT, radganac “, <, > da & simboloebi HTML kodisaTvis samsaxurebrivi simboloebia, Web-furclis Cveulebriv teqstSi
maTi gamoyeneba mxolod zemoT moyvanili kodebis meSveobiT unda moxdes.
freimebi
freimebis SemoRebiT kidev erTi nabiji gadaidga win _ ekrani daiyo
ubnebad, TiToeulSi Web-furclis CaTvalierebis SesaZleblobiT.
pirveli, rasac vakeTebT, ekranis struqturis gansazRvra gaxlavT.
xdeba vertikalze an horizontalze misi ubnebad (freimebad) dayofa,
risTvisac viyenebT cols da rows atributebs. maTi mniSvnelobebi
gamoisaxeba piqselebsa an procentebSi, ekranis darCenil nawils ki
aRvniSnavT * simboloTi. magaliTad:
cols=50%, 50% _ ekrani iyofa or Tanabar vertikalur ubnad;
cols=25%, 75% _ es proporcia mraval Web-furcelze gamoiyeneba;
rows=150, 30%, * _ ekrani iyofa 3 horizontalur ubnad: zedas
simaRle 150 piqselia, SuaTanis ki _ darCenilis 30%.
ekranis dayofis Sesaxeb informacia Tavsdeba fanjris struqturis am-
saxveli dokumentis FRAMESET elementSi, TiToeul ubans ki vavsebT
Sinaarsobrivi dokumentebiT. amrigad, viyenebT ori: layout da content tipis dokumentebs (failebs).
layout tipis dokumentebSi BODY seqciis nacvlad gamoiyeneba
FRAMESET seqcia (elementi), romlis SigniTac unda figurirebdes
dayrdnoba Sinaarsobriv dokumentze. sasargebloa name atributis meSve-obiT freimis saxelis Cvenebac, romelic gamoyenebuli iqneba hiperdayr-
dnobebSi. Sedegad, FRAME elementi ase SeiZleba gamoiyurebodes:
<FRAME src = “failis saxeli.html” name = “freimis saxeli”>
mas Semdeg, rac ekranze yvela furceli CaitvirTeba, momxmarebels
Tagvis meSveobiT SeuZlia Secvalos freimebis sazRvrebi. noresize atributiT ki saerTod ikrZaleba am SesaZleblobis gamoyeneba.
scrolling atributisTvis “YES”, “NO” an “AUTO” mniSvnelobebis
miniWebiT SegviZlia neba davrToT/avkrZaloT ekranze dokumentis gadaxveva,
an mxolod maSin davuSvaT ekranze am zolebis gamoyvana, roca teqsti
masze ver eteva.
SevniSnoT, rom gadaxvevis akrZalviT ekranze iqmneba e.w. baneri.
frameborder atributisTvis “1” an “0” mniSvnelobis miniWebiT freimi
gamogvyavs CarCoSi an mis gareSe.
freimis sazRvrebidan teqstis dasacileblad gankuTvnilia atributebi:
marginheigh = “75” marginwidth = “10” (zoma piqselebSi moicema)
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warmovadginoT freimebiani furclis Seqmnis magaliTi:
<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>FREIMEBI</title> </head> <FRAMESET rows="20%, 60%, 20%"> <FRAME src="fr1.html" noresize> <FRAMESET cols="22%, 78%"> <FRAME src="fr2.html"> <FRAME src="fr3.html" scrolling="yes" marginwidth="10"
marginheight="75"> </frameset> <FRAME src="fr4.html"> </frameset> </html>
ekrani dayofilia oTx nawilad. zeda nawilisaTvis akrZalulia zomebis
Secvla (maSasadame, ekranidan amogdeba), xolo Sua nawilSi marjvena
freimisTvis yvela variantSi Cans gadaxvevis zolebi (anu miuxedavad imisa, itevs Tu ara igi masSi gamosayvan informacias).
mivaqcioT yuradReba _ ekranis erTdroulad vertikalur da horizon-
talur ubnebad dayofa xdeba erTi FREIMESET elementis meoreSi CadgmiT.
gadasvlebis organizacia freimuli struqturis furclebze
aRvniSnoT, rom saiti (site) ganimarteba, rogorc Web-furclebis er-
Toblioba, romelic erT mflobels ekuTvnis. rogorc wesi, didi nawili
am furclebisa erT lokalur ubanze, xSirad ki erT kompiuterzea
Tavmoyrili. furclebi umeteswilad freimuli struqturis gaxlavT.
urTierTkavSirSi myofi, freimuli struqturis mqone furclebisagan
Sedgenili saitis magaliTze vaCvenoT, Tu rogor unda iqnes organizebuli
gadasvlebi. saqme gvaqvs tipur SemTxvevasTan, roca mTavari furceli
(Main.html) freimebs ar Seicavs, xolo danarCenebi agebulia standartuli
sqemis mixedviT: marcxniv meniua, marjvniv ki – informacia.
freimebis konfiguracias gansazRvravs frames.html faili. qvemoT moyva-
nilia furclebze gadasvlebis sqema da failebis listingebi:
frames.html frames.html
main.html
m.html right1.html
m.html right2.html
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main.html failis listingi
<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>main</title> <STYLE> A,H2 {font-family: LitNusx} </style> </head> <BODY bgcolor="aqua"> <H2>mTavari furceli</h2> <HR> <A href="frames.html"> Semdegi furceli</a> <HR> </body> </html> frames.html failis listingi
<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>frames</title> </head> <FRAMESET frameborder=1 framespacing=5 cols=”175,*”> <FRAME name=”menu” NORESIZE src=”m.html”> <FRAME name=”info” src=”right1.html”> </frameset> </html> m.html failis listingi
<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>left-frame</title> <STYLE> A,H3 {font-family: LitNusx} </style> </head> <BODY bgcolor=”gold” link=”green” vlink=”purple” alink=”red” > <H3>meniu</h3> <HR> <A target=_parent href=”main.html”> ZiriTadi furceli</a><P> <A target=”info” href=”right1.html”> marjvena 1</a><P> <A target=”info” href=”right2.html”> marjvena 2</a> <HR> </body> </html>
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right1.html failis listingi
<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>right-frame</title> <STYLE> A,H2 {font-family: LitNusx} </style> </head> <BODY bgcolor=#9CB3BE link=”green” vlink=”purple” alink=”red” > <H2>marjvena freimi-1</h2> <HR> <A href=”main.html” target=_parent > wina furceli</a> <A href=”right2.html”> Semdegi furceli</a> <HR> </body> </html>
right2.html failis listingi
<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>right-frame</title> <STYLE> A,H2 {font-family: LitNusx} </style> </head> <BODY bgcolor=#9CB3BE link=”green” vlink=”purple” alink=”red” > <H2>marjvena freimi-2</h2> <HR> <A href=”right1.html” > wina furceli</a> <A href=”main.html” target=_parent > ZiriTadi furceli</a> <HR> </body> </html>
sawyis (ZiriTad) furcelze moTavsebuli hiperkavSiriT mivdivarT
frames.html failze, romelSic arsebul informaciaze dayrdnobiT brou-
zeri gansazRvravs ekranze ubnebis konfiguracias. amave failSi miTiTe-
bulia, romeli Sinaarsobrivi faili sad mdebareobs. es informacia menius
saxiT gamodis m.html freimSi, xolo marjvena freimSi aisaxeba meniuSi
arCeuli romelime failis Semcveloba.
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vxedavT, rom hiperkavSirebSi gamoyenebuli target atributi migviTiTebs im freimis saxelze (brWyalebSia Casmuli), romelSic unda moxdes saWiro
failis gamoyvana. magram, Tu es gaxlavT ZiriTadi furclis Semcveli
faili, maSin vwerT:
target =_parent. roca informaciis ganaxleba mimdinare freimSi xdeba (swored masSi,
sadac gakeTda axali arCevani), target atributis gamoyeneba saWiro aRar aris – moqmedebs dumilis wesi.
Tu gvsurs failis Semcvelobis axal, damatebiT fanjaraSi gamoyvana,
amave atributs vaniWebT _blank mniSvnelobas.
obieqtebi daniSnuleba, saerTo atributebi
HTML-Si obieqtad moiazreba momxmareblis mier Seqmnili Web-furclis arastandartuli nawili. es SeiZleba iyos programa, naxati da
a.S. furclis SemadgenlobaSi obieqtis CarTvisaTvis gamoiyeneba OBJECT elementi.
xSirad obieqts CarCoSi aTavseben, romlis sisqe ganisazRvreba border atributiT piqselebSi.
Tu obieqti hiperkavSiradac gamoiyeneba, misi CarCos feris cvlilebiT
SegviZlia davadginoT, gamoyenebul iqna Tu ara es kavSiri.
height da width atributebiT SeiZleba ganisazRvros obieqtis zomebi,
xolo align-iT _ CarCos mimarT misi ganlageba (Rebulobs mniSvnelobebs: “bottom”, “top”, “left”, “right”, “middle”).
hspace da vspace atributebiT SeirCeva CarCodan dacilebebi (piqse-lebSi).
naxatebi da rukebi
naxatebi
<IMG> elementis meSveobiT SeiZleba ekranze ganvaTavsoT obieqti-
naxati (uSualod an sxva elementebSi, magaliTad, cxrilSi, CasmiT). naxati SeiZleba gamoviyenoT hiperkavSirad, markerad, dizainis amocanebis gadasawy-
vetad da a.S. am elementis aucilebeli komponenti gaxlavT src atributi, romelic grafikuli failis URL-s warmoadgens.
SeniSvna: aRsaniSnavia, rom internetidan HTML-failebis kopireba jer kidev ar gvaZlevs saSualebas, visargebloT maTSi arsebuli naxatebiT. es naxatebi keS-saqaRaldeSi unda moviZioT da movaxdinoT CvenTvis sasurvel saqaRaldeSi maTi kopireba, Semdeg ki HTML failSi src atributebs unda mivaniWoT naxatebamde axali gzebis amsaxveli mniSvnelobebi.
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sasargeblo rols asrulebs alt atributi. CarCoSi, romelSic naxati
itvirTeba internetidan (es procesi arcTu ise iSviaTad Wianurdeba), gamodis, vTqvaT, aseTi warwerebi:
fotosaTvis _ alt=”My photo”, naxatiani RilakisaTvis _ alt=”send”, hiperkavSirisaTvis _ alt=“URL”.
naxatisaTvis, rogorc wesi, uCveneben erT zomas (height an width), raTa dacul iqnes proporcia.
rukebi
IMG elementebi SeiZleba warmovidginoT, rogorc <MAP> (ruka) ele-
mentis Semadgeneli nawilebi, romelTagan TiToeuli dakavSirebulia hiper-
dayrdnobasTan da Tagvis dawkapunebisas sxvagan gadasvlis SesaZleblobas
uzrunvelyofs. Tuki am moqmedebaze serverma unda moaxdinos reagireba,
elementSi CavrTavT ismap atributs. sainteresoa, rom aq atributisaTvis mniSvnelobis miniWeba savaldebulo arcaa, Tumca xSirad mas mainc
ganusazRvraven mniSvnelobas:
ismap=”ismap” Tu es Cveni qmedeba (TagviT dawkapuneba) brouzeris dasamuSavebelia,
viyenebT sxva atributs, romelSic mieTiTeba rukis saxeli:
usemap=”# rukis saxeli”
rukis gamoyenebisas, pirveli, rac unda gavakeToT, es gaxlavT <MAP> elementis meSveobiT misTvis saxelis gansazRvra da areebad warmodgena Semdegi AREA elementebiT:
wre (circle); marTkuTxedi (rect); mravalkuTxedi (poly). (elementebisTvis unda vuCvenoT Sesabamisi parametrebis mniSvnelobebi.
ix. qvemoT). TiToeuli arisaTvis aucilebelia href atributis meSveobiT gadasvlis
misamarTis gansazRvra. dasaSvebia masSi gamosayvani naxatis Semcvleli war-
weris Seqmnac.
amis Semdeg, vqmniT rukasTan dakavSirebul IMG obieqtebs (saerTod, maTi moTavseba Web-furclis nebismier adgilze SeiZleba).
TiToeul obieqts gansazRvris Tavisi wesi aqvs. magaliTad, wrisaTvis
unda vuCvenoT centris x, y koordinatebi da z radiusi, mravalkuTxe-
disTvis - TiToeuli wveros, xolo marTkuTxedisaTvis _ zeda marcxena
da qveda marjvena kuTxeebis koordinatebi.
qvemoT moyvanilia Map.html furclis magaliTi, romelzec ganlage-
bulia ruka. igi ramdenime mravalkuTxeds Seicavs. danarTSi mocemulia am
rukasTan dakavSirebuli naxati, qvemoT kodSi map.jpg failis meSveobiT
warmodgenili.
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<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>ruka</title> <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-
1252"> </head> <BODY> <map name="gadasvlebi"> <area href=mainpage.html shape="polygon" coords="81,108, 125,45,
212,28, 212,158"> <area href=test.html shape="polygon" coords="216,25, 290,49,
337,109, 213,159"> <area href=letters.html shape="polygon" coords="215,170, 340,118,
353,205, 304,274"> <area href=about.html shape="polygon" coords="208,177, 297,282,
217,309, 121,279"> <area onclick=parent.close(); shape="polygon" coords="199,169, 113,274,
66,204, 78,121" > </map> <H1 align="center" ><FONT face="AcadNusx">bmulebis ruka</font></H1> <HR WIDTH="100%" SIZE="1"> <p align="center"><img border="0" src="map.jpg" ismap
usemap="#gadasvlebi"></p> <HR WIDTH="100%" SIZE="1"> </body> </html>
rukisadmi mimarTva OBJECT elementis meSveobiTac SeiZleba:
<OBJECT data=”failis saxeli.gif“ type= ”image/gif” usemap=”#karta”> </object>
gif-is garda, SeiZleba jpg da png formatebis gamoyenebac. Tu naxati sxva formatSi momzadda, umravles SemTxvevaSi xerxdeba romelime
zemoaRniSnul formatTaganSi misi gadayvana.
ufro dawvrilebiT ganvixiloT zogierTi OBJECT elementi.
<APPLET> </applet> am elementis gamosayeneblad brouzerSi CaSenebuli unda iyos JAVA-s
interpretatori.
HTML kodSi apletis gamoZaxeba ase xdeba: <APPLET CODE=”failis-saxeli.class” width=nnn height=mmm>
komentaris hiperteqsti </applet> Java-programis kompilirebuli faili aq mxolod im saqaRaldeSi unda
moTavsdes, romelSic ganlagdeba Web-furceli (sxva bazuri misamarTis CvenebisaTvis aucilebelia codebase atributis gamoyeneba. umetes
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SemTxvevaSi bazuri misamarTis nacvlad aq apletis srul URL misamarTs uCveneben. xolo, Tu es atributi naCvenebi araa, gamoiyeneba dumiliT gaTvaliswinebuli URL).
Semdeg naCvenebia fanjris zomebi (piqselebSi).
komentarSi moTavsebuli hiperteqsti mxolod im brouzerebs gamohyavT,
romlebic Java-sTan “mwyralad” gaxlavT.
Tu furcelze ramdenime erTmaneTTan “mosaubre” apleti gamoiyeneba,
saWiro xdeba maTi saxelebis gaTvaliswinebac name atributis meSveobiT: name=”apletis saxeli”
dasasrul, aqac SeiZleba mivmarToT sxva, CvenTvis ukve nacnob
atributebs: alt, align, vspace, hspace da a.S.
<OBJECT> </object> umartives SemTxvevaSi es elementi furcelze naxats ganaTavsebs:
<OBJECT date=”failis saxeli.png” type=”image/png”> amjobineben APPLET elementis OBJECT elementiT Secvlas:
<OBJECT codetype=”application/java” classid=”java: identifikatori” width=”nnn” height=”mmm”>
obieqtis teqsturi aRwera
</object> CamovTvaloT OBJECT elementis ZiriTadi atributebi:
classid=”obieqtis saxeli” - obieqtis unikaluri identifikatori an
misamarTi;
codebase=”URL” - sruli an bazuri URL. Tu gamoiyeneba es ukanaskneli, maSin iyeneben data da, SesaZloa,
archive atributebsac. data miuTiTebs obieqtis fardobiT misamarTze (Tumca dasaSvebia sruli URL-is Cvenebac), xolo archive uCvenebs erT an ramdenime damatebiTs misamarTs data-s stilSi.
codetype=”tipi” - obieqtis tipi. gamoiyeneba classid atributTan er-Tad;
type=”tipi” - obieqtis tipi (MIME); stadby=”Setyobinebis teqsti” - moqmedebs, rogorc adre Seswavlili
alt atributi. zogjer xdeba, rom obieqtis gaaqtiureba ver xerxdeba. aseTi SemTxvevi-
saTvis SegviZlia teqsturi Setyobinebis gaTvaliswineba:
<OBJECT classid=”identifikatori” data=”misamarTi/failis saxeli.tipi”>
obieqtis gamoyvana ver xerxdeba </object>
SeiZleba “avariulis” nacvlad obieqtSi CaSenebuli sxva obieqtis
(vTqvaT, naxatis) gamoyvana, magaliTad:
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<OBJECT title=”teqsti” classid=”misamarTi/failis saxeli.tipi” >
<OBJECT title=”sxva teqsti” data=”naxatis failis saxeli.gif” type=”image/gif” > </object>
</object> SevniSnoT, rom obieqts igive atributebi TavianTi mniSvnelobebiT
SeiZleba gadaeces masSi Cadgmuli <PARAM> elementebis saxiTac.
formebi daniSnuleba, saerTo atributebi
forma warmoadgens e.w. marTvis elementebis konteiners. aseTi elemen-
tebis magaliTebia: teqstis Setanis velebi, gadamrTvelebi, Rilakebi, alme-
bi da sxv.
marTvis TiToeuli elementi iqmneba HTML elementebis meSveobiT.
formis gaaqtiurebis momentSi elementebs SeiZleba miniWebuli
hqondeT raime mniSvneloba. magaliTad, Setanis velisTvis es SeiZleba iyos
dumiliT arCeuli teqsti.
elements mivmarTavT name atributis meSveobiT, mniSvneloba ganisazR-
vreba value atributiT. gadamrTvelebSi im elementis nomeri, romlis arCe-
vansac akeTebs umeteswilad momxmarebeli, ganisazRvreba `1~-iT da es mniS-
vneloba mieniWeba tabindex atributs. swored masze dgas kursori formis gaxsnisas. tab Rilakze xelis daWeriT kursori gadadis momdevno (2,3,...)
velebze.
disabled atributis CarTviT formis elementi SeuRwevadi xdeba. misi
teqsti fermkrTaldeba. aseTi elementis arCeva da misTvis mniSvnelobis
Secvla ver xerxdeba.
marTvis elementebTan SeiZleba dakavSirebuli iyos xdomilobebi. xdomi-
lobebi is situaciebia, romlebsac iwvevs Cven mier kompiuterze
Sesrulebuli moqmedebebi. movaxdinoT maTi klasificireba:
klaviaturasTan dakavSirebuli xdomilobebi _ onkeydown - klaviSi daWerilia;
_ onkeyup - klaviSi aSvebulia;
_ onkeypress - klaviSi daWeril da aSvebul iqna.
TagvTan dakavSirebuli xdomilobebi
_ onclick - elementze dawkapuneba;
_ ondbclick - ormagi dawkapuneba; _ onmousedown - daWerilia Tagvis Rilaki;
_ onmouseup - Tagvis Rilaki aSvebulia;
_ onmousemove - Tagvis maCvenebeli elementis ubanSi gadaadgilda;
_ onmouseover - Tagvis maCvenebeli imyofeba elementze;
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_ onmouseout – Tagvis maCvenebeli gascda elementis ubnis farglebs.
elementebis arCevasa da formebis redaqtirebasTan dakavSirebuli xdomilobebi
_ onfocus - elementi arCeulia (miiRo fokusi); _ onselect - elementis SigniT moiniSna teqstis nawili;
_ onchange - monacemebi elementSi Secvlil iqna;
_ onblur - elementma dakarga fokusi.
formaTa elementebi <ISINDEX>
es martivi elementi momxmarebels awvdis kompiuterTan dialogis
warmarTvis saSualebas. kompiuteris mxridan, karnaxis mizniT, dasaSvebia
promt atributis gamoyenebac. moviyvanoT ekranze Setanis velis Seqmnis
magaliTi:
<ISINDEX promt=”SeitaneT Zebnis kriteriumi”> davuSvaT, rom mimdinare Web-furclisTvis bazur misamarTad winaswar
gansazRvrulia internetSi romelime saZiebo saSualebis URL. Tu
momxmarebeli ISINDEX elementis velSi Seitans ramdenime sakvanZo sityvas,
brouzeri serverze gadaagzavnis moTxovnas:
http://www.dasaxeleba.domeni/?sityva1+sityva2+sityva3
SeniSvna: zogierTi saZiebo serveri “?” da “+” simboloebs Zebnis procesSi ver iyenebs.
<FORM> </form>
momxmareblis mier informacia formaze, rogorc wesi, ramdenime velSi
Seitaneba da mxolod Semdeg gadaigzavneba igi serverze am formasTan da-
kavSirebuli, vTqvaT, CGI-programiT dasamuSaveblad.
action atributi am programis saxelis CvenebisaTvis aris gaTvalis-
winebuli:
<FORM action=”http://www.dasaxeleba.domeni/programis saxeli”
method=”post”> formis elementebi </form>
formis damuSavebis erT-erTi variantia eleqtronuli fostis meSveo-
biT monacemebis gagzavna:
action=”mailto:misamarTi @serveri.domeni” formas sxvadasxva momxmareblebi avseben, romlebic SesaZloa, sxvadasxva
kodirebas iyenebdnen. maTi CamonaTvalis CvenebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebulia
atributi
accept-charset = ”kodirebebis sia”
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formebis umetesobaze aTavseben reset da submit Rilakebs, romlebTanac
dakavSirebulia formis Sevsebis sisworis kontrolisa da gasufTavebis
programebi. am programebis gamosaZaxeblad gaTvaliswinebulia xdomilobebi:
onsubmit da onreset.
<INPUT> am elementiT vqmniT formis iseT nawilebs, rogorebicaa:
alami, gadamrTveli, Setanis veli.
elementi saboloo tegs ar saWiroebs, radganac yvela parametri
atributebis meSveobiT iqmneba.
elementis saxes gansazRvravs type atributi. igi Rebulobs mniSvnelo-
bebs:
`text~, `password~, `checkbox~ (alami), `radio~ (erTi gadamrTveli). gadamrTvelTa jgufis Sesaqmnelad gamoviyenoT Semdegi konstruqcia:
<H3> gadamrTvelebi </h3> <INPUT type=”radio” name=”SOO1” value=”pirveli”>
<INPUT type=”radio” name=”SOO1” value=”meore”> <INPUT type=”radio” name=”SOO1” value=”mesame” checked> checked atributi gansazRvravs, Tu romeli gadamrTveli unda airCes
dumiliT. ekranze es gadamrTvelebi aseTi saxiT gamovlen:
vagrZelebT type atributis nairsaxeobebis CamoTvlas:
_ “button” - qmnis raime daniSnulebis Rilaks;
_ “submit” - am Rilakze dawkapuneba adasturebs informaciis Setanas
formaSi;
_ “reset” - formas asufTavebs monacemebisgan; _ “image” - qmnis naxatian Rilaks. grafikuli naxatis miTiTeba xdeba
src atributiT; _ “file” - momxmarebels SeuZlia failis saxeli TviTonve akribos
Setanis velSi an mis mosaZebnad mimarTos brouzeris mier iqve gamotanil
browse Rilaks. arCeuli faili formas miuerTdeba.
_ “hidden” - momxmareblisgan damaluli elementis Seqmna, faqtobrivad,
formaSi cvladisa da misi mniSvnelobis gansazRvrisaTvis aris gaTvaliswi-
nebuli.
yovel INPUT elementSi CarTuli unda iyos name atributi. value atributi Setanis velisTvis qmnis dumiliT nagulisxmeb mniSvnelobas,
xolo RilakisTvis - warweras.
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gadamrTvelebSi checked atributi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT mxolod
erTaderTi elementisTvis, almebis SemTxvevaSi ki – maTi nebismieri raode-
nobisTvis.
size atributi gansazRvravs Setanis velis sigrZes (simboloebSi). sasurvelia am sigrZis ramdenadme gadideba.
FORM elementis analogiurad, INPUT-Sic dasaSvebia accept atributis Cveneba. gaTvaliswinebulia agreTve sxva, SedarebiT naklebmniSvnelovani at-
ributebic.
moviyvanoT formis nimuSi anketuri monacemebis Sesatanad:
<HTML> <HEAD> <STYLE> table, input {font-family: LitNusx} </style> <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-
1252"> <TITLE>TABLE</title> </head> <BODY> <TABLE border=3> <FORM action="mailto:[email protected]" method="post"> <TR> <TD>saxeli: <TD><INPUT type="text" name="saxeli"> <TR> <TD>gvari: <TD><INPUT type="text" name="gvari"> <TR> <TD>telefoni: <TD><INPUT type="text" name="telefoni"> <TR> <TD>sqesi: <INPUT type="radio" name="sqesi" value="mamr"> mamr <INPUT type="radio" name="sqesi" value="mdedr"> mdedr <TD align="bottom"> <INPUT align="bottom" type="submit" value="gagzavna"> <INPUT type="reset" value="gasufTaveba"> </form> </table> </body> </html>
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am magaliTSi formis elementebis ekranze mwyobrad gamosatanad gamoye-
nebul iqna cxrili. SevitanoT kodSi Cveni safosto misamarTi. “gagzavna”
Rilakze dawkapunebiT werili gadainacvlebs saqaRaldeSi “gasagzavni weri-
lebi”. SevideT am saqaRaldeSi da werili gavugzavnoT sakuTar Tavs.
<SELECT> <OPTION> </select> SELECT elementi gankuTvnilia Web-furcelze siis an menius gamosa-
yvanad, xolo OPTION elementi _ siis punqtis Sesaqmnelad. davweroT
Semdegi kodi:
<SELECT> <OPTION value=a> pirveli
<OPTION value=b> meore OP<OPTION value=c> mesame <OPTION value=d> meoTxe </select> Sedegad miviRebT Semdeg sias:
SELECT elementSi gamoyenebuli ZiriTadi atributebia:
• name _ axdens menius saxeldebas;
• multiply (mniSvneloba ar eniWeba) _ momxmarebels eZleva
erTdroulad siis ramdenime punqtis amorCevis saSualeba;
• size atributi im punqtebis ricxvs gansazRvravs, romlebic
ekranze Cans. SevniSnoT, rom dumiliT mxolod erTi striqoni
aisaxeba, mis marjvniv isarze dawkapunebiT ki CamoiSleba mTeli
sia.
OPTION elementSi selected atributi (mniSvnelobebs ar Rebulobs) gansazRvravs dumiliT arCeuli siis punqts, xolo value atributi
serveris mxareze monacemTa damuSavebisTvis aris gankuTvnili.
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<TEXTAREA> </textarea>
es elementi, SELECT-is msgavsad, ekranze SeiZleba avtonomiuradac
gamoviyvanoT anu formis elementSi moTavsebis gareSe. igi rows da cols atributebiT qmnis teqstis Setanis da CaTvalierebis ubans. readonly atributiT ikrZaleba teqstis redaqtireba.
aRvniSnoT, rom SELECT da TEXTAREA elementebi iZleva ekranze
informaciis kompaqturad ganlagebis saSualebas.
<H2> TEXTAREA elementi</h2> <TEXTAREA name = “text_25” rows=5 cols=25 > aq Segvyavs sasurveli teqsti </textarea>
<BUTTON> </button>
INPUT elementisagan gansxvavebiT, aseTi Rilaki konteineri gaxlavT,
maSasadame, aqvs bolo tegic. es niSnavs, rom elementze SegviZlia teqstisa
da naxatis datanac. magaliTad:
<BUTTON name = “saxeli” value =“submit” type =“submit” > teqsti <IMG src = “naxatis faili”>
</button> type atributi Rebulobs button, submit an reset mniSvnelobas.
literatura:
1. А. Гончаров. Самоучитель HTML, «Питер» , 2001
2. А. Матросов, А. Сергеев, М. Чаунин. HTML4, «Вильямс» , 2003 3. Учебный курс «Компьютерные сети», Microsoft Press. Санкт-Петербург, 1999.
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terminebis leqsikoni:
HTML (HyperText Markup Language – hiperteqstis moniSvnis ena) – Web-dokumentebis moniSvnis (gawyobis, daformatebis) ena.
Web-furceli - Web-serverze Senaxuli dokumenti (umeteswilad HTML formatis mqone), romelic serveridan CamoitvirTeba klientis
Web-brouzerSi. SeiZleba ganTavsdes lokalur kompiuterzec.
Web-brouzeri – programa, romlis meSveobiTac xorcieldeba WWW-Si informaciis moZieba da CaTvaliereba.
Internet Explorer – korporacia Microsoft-is mier Seqmnili Web-brouzeri.
Navigator – korporacia Netscape Communications-is mier Seqmnili
Web-brouzeri. xSirad mas Netscape-sac uwodeben.
Web-kvanZi - WWW-dokumentebis krebuli. aqvs sawyisi furceli,
romlidanac gadavdivarT krebulis sxva furclebze.
WWW (World Wide Web) – internetis yvelaze popularuli samsaxuri,
romelic metad aadvilebs informaciis Zebnis process da saerTod,
internetis samyaroSi mogzaurobas.
hiperteqsti - Cveulebriv teqstze ufro meti informaciuli da
funqciuri monacemebis Semcveli dokumenti.
elementi - HTML-is konstruqcia – konteineri, romelic Seicavs ama
Tu im wesiT dasaformatebul (an raime sxva gziT dasamuSavebel) mo-
nacemebs.
apleti (Applet) - programa, romelic Web-furclis CaTvalierebisas
dinamiurad miuerTdeba HTML-kods failis saxiT.
scenari (Script) - programa, romelic umetes SemTxvevaSi dawerilia
JavaScript-is erT-erT versiaSi da warmoadgens Web-furclis
maformirebel HTML-kodSi CarTul komponents.
freimi _ ekranis ubani Web-furclis CaTvalierebis SesaZleblobiT.
ekranis struqturis gansazRvra (vertikalze an horizontalze misi dayofa freimebad) xorcieldeba cols da rows atributebis meSveobiT.
GIF – naxati failebis yvelaze ufro popularuli formati Web-sivrceSi.
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sarCevi
Sesavali ----------------------------------------------------------- 3
Web–furclis agebuleba ------------------------------------- 5
teqstis daformateba ------------------------------------------ 9
daformatebis damatebiTi saSualebebi specifikuri
teqstebisaTvis -------------------------------------------------- 11
kvlav stilis Sesaxeb. stilebis cxrilebi ------------ 12
stilebis kaskaduri cxrilebi ----------------------------- 13
siebi --------------------------------------------------------------- 15
cxrilebi --------------------------------------------------------- 17
sintaqsi HTML_Si ------------------------------------------- 20
freimebi ----------------------------------------------------------- 22
obieqtebi -------------------------------------------------------- 26
formebi ---------------------------------------------------------- 30
literatura ---------------------------------------------------- 35
terminebis leqsikoni ---------------------------------------- 36
danarTi ---------------------------------------------------------- 38
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