XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and...
Transcript of XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and...
XIII–1FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program
α-AlH3 Alphapolymorphofaluminumhydride~ Approximately@ At°C DegreesCelsius°F DegreesFahrenheitΔ Change,deltaΔG GibbsfreeenergyofreactionΔH Enthalpyofreaction,Enthalpyof
hydrogenation∆H°f StandardheatofformationΔK Stressintensityfactor∆P Pressuredrop,pressurechange≈ Equalsapproximately> Greaterthan≥ Greaterthanorequalto< Lessthan≤ Lessthanorequaltoμ Micro(one-millionth;0.000001)μA Microampere(s)μA/cm2 Microampere(s)persquarecentimeterμc-Si Microcrystallinesiliconμg Microgram(s)μCHP Micro-combinedheatandpowerμCHX Microscalecombustor/heatexchangerμCHP Micro-combinedheatandpowerμm Micrometer(s);micron(s)μM Micromolarμmol Micromole(s)μΩ-cm2 Micro-ohm(s)-squarecentimeterμV Microvolt(s)η Viscosity# NumberΩ Ohm(s)Ω/cm2 Ohm(s)persquarecentimeterΩ-cm2 Ohm-squarecentimeter(s)% Percent® Registeredtrademark$ UnitedStatesdollars11B-NMR Boron11nuclearmagneticresonance1-D,1D One-dimensional1Q Firstquarterofthefiscalyear2-D,2D Two-dimensional2Q Secondquarterofthefiscalyear
3-D,3D Three-dimensional3DSM Dimensionallystablemembranewith
3-dimensionalporoussupport3-L Three-layer3-MPAB 3-methoxypropylamineborane3-PPAB 3-phenylpropylamine-borane3Q Thirdquarterofthefiscalyear4Q Fourthquarterofthefiscalyear5-L Five-layer6FBPS0 Hexafluorobiphenolsulfone6FCN-x HexafluorobisphenolAbaseddisulfonated
polybenzonitrile(H+form)(xdenotesdegreeofsulfonation)
6FK Hexafluoroketone;Partiallyfluorinatedpoly(aryleneetherketone)
6FPAEB Hexafluorobisphenolabenzonitrile8YSZ 8mol%yttria-stabilizedzirconiaA Ampere(s),amp(s)Å Angstrom(s)AAE AdsorbentacceptabilityenvelopeAB Ammonia-borane,NH3BH3
ABH2 Ammoniumborohydride,NH4BH4
AC Alternatingcurrent;ActivatedcarbonACF ActivatedcarbonfibersA/cm2 AmpspersquarecentimeterACN AcetonitrileACNT AlignedcarbonnanotubeADG AnaerobicdigestergasAEM Anionexchangemembrane;Analytical
electronmicroscopyAEO AnnualEnergyOutlookAFDC AlternativeFuelsDataCenterAFM Atomicforcemicroscopy;Anti-ferromagneticAFP AutomatedfiberplacementAFV AlternativefuelvehicleAg SilverAGC ActivatedgraphiticcarbonAgCl SilverchlorideA-h Amp-hour(s)AHJ AuthoritieshavingjurisdictionAISI AmericanIron&SteelInstituteAIST JapaneseNationalInstituteofAdvanced
IndustrialScienceandTechnologyAK Alkali
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
XIII–2DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report
a.k.a. AlsoknownasAl AluminumAl2O3 AluminumoxideAl-AB Aluminum-ammonia-boraneAlCl3 AluminumchlorideALD AtomiclayerdepositionAlH3 Aluminumhydride;AlaneALL-CRAFT AllianceforCollaborativeResearchin
AlternativeFuelTechnologyALS AdvancedLightSourceatLawrenceBerkeley
NationalLaboratoryALT AcceleratedlifetestAM AirmassAM1.5 AirMass1.5solarilluminationAM1.5G AirMass1.5Global(solarspectrum)AMBH AminemetalborohydrideAMC Aminomethyl-cyclohexaneAMFC Anionexchangemembranefuelcell;Alkaline
membranefuelcellAMR AnnualMeritReviewAN AcrylonitrileANL ArgonneNationalLaboratoryANOVA AnalysisofvarianceANSI AmericanNationalStandardsInstituteAo Arrheniusconstant,ml/[cm2-min-atm½];
AvailabilityAPCI,APCi AirProductsandChemicals,Inc.APD 3-aminopropane-1,2-diolAPR Aqueous-phasereformingAPU AuxiliarypowerunitAQMD AirQualityManagementDistrictAr ArgonAR ArealresistanceARPA-E AdvancedResearchProjectsAgency–EnergyARRA AmericanRecoveryandReinvestmentActAs ArsenicASAXS Anomaloussmall-angleX-rayscatteringa-Si Amorphoussilicona-SiC Amorphoussiliconcarbidea-SiGe Amorphoussilicongermaniuma-SiN AmorphoussiliconnitrideASME AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineersASPEN Modelingsoftware,computercodefor
processanalysisASR Area-specificresistanceAST Acceleratedstresstest
ASTM ASTMInternational,originallyknownastheAmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials
AT Ammoniatriboraneat% Atomicpercentatm Atmosphere(s)ATP Adenosinetriphosphate;Advanced
TechnologyProgramATPase AdenosinetriphosphataseATR Autothermalreformer;Autothermal
reforming;AttenuatedtotalreflectionATR-FTIR AttenuatedtotalreflectanceFouriertransform
infrareda.u. ArbitraryunitsAu GoldAuS GoldsulfideAuSnOx GoldsupportedonhydroustinoxideAuTiOx GoldsupportedontitaniumoxideAutonomie Plug-and-PlayPowertrainandVehicleModel
ArchitectureandDevelopmentEnvironmentsoftwaremodelbyArgonneNationalLaboratorytosupporttherapidevaluationofnewpowertrain/propulsiontechnologiesforimprovingfueleconomythroughvirtualdesignandanalysisinamath-basedsimulationenvironment
Avg AverageAZO Aluminumzincoxide11B-NMR Boron11nuclearmagneticresonanceB BoronB2O3 Boronoxide;DiborontrioxideBa BariumBara Barabsolutebarg BargaugeBBC 4,4’,4’’-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tris(benzene-4,1-
diyl))tribenzoateBCC Body-centeredcubicBCN BoroncarbonnitrideBe BerylliumBES BasicEnergySciencesofficewithintheDOE
OfficeofScienceBET Brunauer-Emmett-Tellersurfaceareaanalysis
methodBEV BatteryelectricvehicleBFZ0 BaFe0.975Zr0.025O3
BFZ1 BaFe0.90Zr0.10O3
BG-DW 65%bio-glycol-35%distilledwaterB-G BorondopedgraphiticmaterialB-H Boron/hydrogenbond
XIII–3FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
B-H,BH,BH4 BorohydrideBHP ButylperhydropyrolidineBi BismuthbmimBF4 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium
tetrafluoroboratebmimCl 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazoliumchloridebmimOTf 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazoliumtriflatebmimPF6 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium
hexafluorophosphateBMPFFP 1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium
tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphateBN Boron-nitrogenBNH Boron-nitrogen-hydrogenBNHx Dehydrogenatedammonia-boraneBNL BrookhavenNationalLaboratoryBNNT BoronnitridenanotubesB-O Anyoxidizedboronspecies,borateBoc Tert-butoxycarbonylBOC BestofclassB(OH)3 BoricacidBOL BeginningoflifeBOP,BoP BalanceofplantBOT BeginningoftestBP Bisphenol;Biphenylbpe Bis(4-pyridyl)ethaneBPEE 1,2-bipyridyletheneBPDC Biphenyl-4,4’-dicarboxylateBPP BipolarplateBPPPO Biphenol-basedphenylphosphineoxideBPPPO-35 Biphenol-basedphenylphosphineoxide
copolymer,35%molarfractionofdisulfonicacidunit(35%levelofsulfonation)
BPS BallardPowerSystemsBPS BiPhenylSulfoneBPS100 Fullydisulfonatedpoly(aryleneethersulfone)BPSH BlockpolysulfoneetherpolymerBPSH BiPhenylSulfone:HFormBPSH-30 BiphenylsulfoneHform,30%molar
fractionofdisulfonicacidunit(30%levelofsulfonation)
BPSH-x BiPhenylbaseddisulfonatedpolySulfone(H+form)(xdenotesdegreeofsulfonation)
BPVC BoilerandPressureVesselCodeBPVE Perfluorocyclobutane-biphenylvinyletherBPVE-6F Perfluorocyclobutane-biphenylvinylether
hexafluoroisopropylideneBPy 2,2’-bipyridine
BPY 4,4’-bypyridineBr BromineBr2 DiatomicbromineBTB 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoateBTC 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylateBTE 4,4’,4’’-(benzene-1,3,5-triyltris(ethyne-2,1-
diyl))tribenzoateBTT Benzenetris-tetrazoleBTTCD Octa-carboxylateligandBTU,Btu Britishthermalunit(s)Bu3SnCl TributyltinchlorideBu3SnSnBu3 HexabutyldistannaneBV BenzylviologenBxHy PolyhedralboranesBZYC BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ
C CarbonC CouloumbC2H4 EthyleneC2H6 EthaneC3H8 PropaneCa CalciumCA Carbonaerogel;ChronoamperometryCaBr2 CalciumbromideCaCO3 CalciumcarbonateCAD Computer-aideddesignCAE Computer-assistedengineeringCAER CenterforAppliedEnergyResearchCaFCP CaliforniaFuelCellPartnershipCaI Clostridium acetobutylicumhydrogenaseCaO CalciumoxideCARB CaliforniaAirResourcesBoardCaS CalciumsulfideCaSFCC CaliforniaStationaryFuelCellCollaborativeCB Conductionband;CarbonblackCBECS CommercialBuildingEnergyConsumption
SurveyCbHS Carbon-basedhydrogenstorageCBM ConductionbandminimumCBN Carbon-boron-nitrogenCBS CasaBonitastrain;Completebasissetcc Cubiccentimeter(s)CCC CarboncompositecatalystCCD Charge-coupleddeviceCCF Complexcoolantfluid
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
XIII–4DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report
cc/gcat/hr Cubiccentimeter(s)pergramcatalystperhour
CcH2 Cryo-compressedhydrogenCCHSS ComplexCompoundHydrogenStorage
SystemCCL CathodecatalystlayerCCM Catalyst-coatedmembranecc/min,ccm Cubiccentimetersperminuteccp Cubicclose-packingCCS CarboncaptureandstorageCC&S CarboncaptureandsequestrationCCVJ 9-([E]-2-carboxy-2-cyanovinyl)julolidineCd CadmiumCD Compactdisk;Chargedepleting;Cathode
dewpointCdl DoublelayercapacitancecDNA ComplementaryDNACDO CodedevelopmentorganizationCDP CompositedataproductCdS CadmiumsulfideC-DSMTM Chemicallyetcheddimensionallystable
membraneCe CeriumCEA Commissariatàl’EnergieAtomiqueCEC CaliforniaEnergyCommissionCEM Compressor/expandermotor(module)CeO2 CericoxideCF Carbonfiber;CarbonfoamCFC ChlorofluorocarbonCFD ComputationalfluiddynamicsCFF Complexcoolantfluidcfm CubicfeetperminuteCGA CompressedGasAssociationCGH2 CompressedgaseoushydrogenCGM Charge-generatingmaterialCGO Ceriumgadoliniumoxide,Gd-dopedCeO2
CGS Coppergalliumdiselenide,CuGaSe2
CGSe2 CoppergalliumdiselenideCH ChemicalhydridecH2 CompressedhydrogengasCH4 MethaneCHEX ContinuouscatalyticheatexchangerCHHP Combinedheat,hydrogen,andpowerChl Chlorophyll
CHMC1 TestMethodforEvaluatingMaterialCompatibilityforCompressedHydrogenApplications–PhaseI-Metals
CHP CombinedheatandpowerCHPFC CombinedheatandpowerfuelcellCHS ChemicalhydrogenstorageCHSCoE ChemicalHydrogenStorageCenterof
ExcellenceCI CompressionignitionCIGSe2 CopperindiumgalliumdiselenideCIGS CopperindiumgalliumdiselenideCl ChlorineCL Catalystlayer;ε-caprolactonecm CentimeterCM Controlsmodulecm2 SquarecentimeterCMO ConductivemetaloxidesCMWNT Carbonmulti-wallednanotubeCN Carbon-nitrogenCNC CarbonnanocageCNF Carbonnano-fiberCNG CompressednaturalgasCNT CarbonnanotubeCo CobaltCO CarbonmonoxideCO2 CarbondioxideCO2e CarbondioxideequivalentCOD ChemicaloxygendemandCOE CostofelectricityCOF Covalent-organicframeworkCOF2 CarbonylfluorideCOGS CostofgoodssoldCOMSOL Multiphysicsmodelingandengineering
simulationsoftwareCOPV CompositeoverwrappedpressurevesselCOS Carbonoxysulfide;CarbonylsulfideCOx Oxidesofcarboncp Specificheatcp CommercialpuritycP CentipoiseCpI Clostridium pasteurianum
[FeFe]-hydrogenaseCPMAS CrosspolarizationmagicanglespinningCPO,CPOX Catalyticpartialoxidationc.p.s. Countspersecond
XIII–5FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
CPU ComputerprocessingunitCPV CompositepressurevesselCr ChromiumCRADA CooperativeResearchandDevelopment
AgreementCRCC Corrosion-resistantconductingcatalyticCRTP Corrosion-resistanttransparentprotectiveCs CesiumC&S CodesandstandardsCSA CanadianStandardsAssociation;Cellstack
assemblyCSMP CabotSuperiorMicroPowdersCSTT CodesandStandardsTechTeamCSU CaliforniaStateUniversityCSULA CaliforniaStateUniversityLosAngelesCT ComputedtomographyCTA ChargetransferagentCTAB CetyltrimethylammoniumbromideCTB CyclotriborazaneCTE CoefficientofthermalexpansionCTTRANSIT ConnecticutTransitCu CopperCU UniversityofColoradoCu2O CuprousoxideCuBiW2O8 Copperbismuthtungstatecuin. CubicinchCuInGaS2 CopperindiumgalliumsulfideCuNW CoppernanowireCuO Cupricoxide;Copper(II)oxideCuWO4 Coppertungstatecu.yd. Cubicyard(s)CV Cyclicvoltammetry;CyclicvoltammogramCVD ChemicalvapordepositionCVS ChemicalvaporsynthesisCWRU CaseWesternReserveUniversityCY CalendaryearCZO Ceria-zirconiad Day(s)D2 DeuteriumD-A Dubinin-AstakhovDAC DiamondanvilcellDADB Diammoniateofdiborane,[(NH3)2BH2][BH4]DAKOTA DesignAnalysisKitforOptimizationand
TerascaleApplicationsDB Diborane(B2H6)
dB(A) Decibel(s)AscaleDBBPDSA 4,4’-dibromobiphenyl3,3’-dislufonicacid,
monomerDBPDSA 1,4-dibromophenylene2,5-disulfonicacidDC DirectcurrentDCTDD 1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,7-dioneDDMEFC DirectdimethyletherfuelcellDDP DetailedDataProductdDR Dubini-Radushkevichaveragemicropore
diameterDDR AzeolitestructurecodeDEF DiethylformamideDeg DegreeDEGDBE DiethyleneglycoldibutyletherΔBa Thedifferenceinmagneticinductionathigh
andlowappliedmagneticfieldsΔG GibbsfreeenergyofreactionΔH Enthalpyofreaction;Enthalpyof
hydrogenation∆H°f StandardheatofformationΔK Stressintensityfactor∆P Pressuredrop;PressurechangeDEMS Differentialelectrochemicalmass
spectroscopyDFM DesignformanufacturingDFMA® DesignforManufacturingandAssemblyDFT DensityfunctionaltheoryDGDE Di-ethyleneglycoldi-butyletherDHBC 2,5-dihydroxybenzenedicarboxylateDI Deionized;De-ionizedwaterDLC DiamondlikecarbondL/g DeciliterspergramDM DiffusionmediaDMA DimethylacetamideDMAc DimethylacetamideDMC DiffusionMonteCarlo;Directmanufactured
costDMDF 2,5-dimethoxy2,5-dihydrofuranDMDS DimethyldisulfideDME Dimethylether;DimethoxyethaneDMEA DimethlethylamineDMEAA DimethlethylaminealaneDMF n,n-di-methylformamideDMFC DirectmethanolfuelcelldmimMeSO4 1,3-dimethyl-imidazoliummethylsulfate
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
XIII–6DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report
ECV ElectrochemicalcapacitancevoltageED EthylenediamineEDA Ethylenediamine;Energydecomposition
analysisEDAX ManufacturerofenergydispersiveX-ray
hardwareandsoftwareEDBB EthylenediaminebisboraneEDC EnergydistributioncurveedmimCl 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl-imidazoliumethylsulfateEDP ElectrophoreticdepositionEDS EnergydispersiveX-rayspectroscopy;
EnergydispersivespectrumEDTA EthylenediaminetetraaceticacidEDX EnergydispersiveX-rayEELS ElectronenergylossspectroscopyEERE U.S.DOEOfficeofEnergyEfficiencyand
RenewableEnergyEFR-AHJ Emergencyfirstresponder-authoritieshaving
jurisdictionEFTE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylenee.g. Exempli gratia:forexampleEGR ExhaustgasrecirculationEHC ElectrochemicalhydrogencompressorEHS EnvironmentalHealthandSafetyEIA EnergyInformationAdministrationofthe
U.S.DepartmentofEnergyEIGAIGC EuropeanIndustrialGasesAssociation/
IndustrialGasesCouncilEIHP EuropeanIntegratedHydrogenProjectEIS ElectrochemicalimpedancespectroscopyEISF ElasticincoherentstructurefactorELAT® RegisteredTrademarkofDeNoraNorth
America,Inc.,coversGDLsandGDEsEMA EffectivemediumapproximationEMF ElectromagneticfieldEMI ElectromagneticinterferenceEMPA ElectronmicroprobeanalysisENABLE Energeticneutralatombeamlithography/
epitaxyENG ExpandednaturalgraphiteeNMR ElectrochemicalnuclearmagneticresonanceEODC Electro-osmoticdragcoefficientEOL EndoflifeEOT EndoftestEPA EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyEPD Electrophoreticdeposition
dmpe DimethylphosphinoethaneDMPO 5,5-Dimethylpyrroline-N-oxideDMSO DimethylsulfoxideDMT DimethyltritylDMTHF DimethyltetrahydrofuranDNA DeoxyribonucleicacidDNG DesulfurizednaturalgasDNI DirectnormalinsolationDOD Depthofdischarge;DepartmentofDefenseDOE DepartmentofEnergyDOT DepartmentofTransportationDP DewpointDRIFTs DiffusereflectanceinfraredFouriertransform
spectroscopyDSC Differentialscanningcalorimetry;Dynamic
scanningcalorimetryDSMTM DimensionallystablemembraneDSM-MC DistancescalingmethodMonteCarloDVBPC DivinylarylethermonomerDVD DigitalvideodiskDVMT Dailyvehiclemilestravelede- ElectronE Activationenergy,kJ/molE0xE1 Utilizationefficiencyofincidentsolarlight
energyE1/2 Half-wavepotentialE85 85%-15%blendofethanolwithgasolineEa ActivationenergyEA EnvironmentalassessmentEad HydrogenadsorptionheatEAN EthylammoniumnitrateEASA ElectrochemicallyactivesurfaceareaE-BOP ElectricalbalanceofplantEBSD ElectronbackscatterdiffractionEC EuropeanCommission;Electro-chemical;
Evaportive-cooled;Efficiencyofconversion;Electrochemicalcapacitance
ECA ElectrochemicalareaECB EthylcyclobutaneECC Electrochemicalcompressor;Engineered
cementitiouscompositeECE EconomicCommissionforEuropeECS EquilibriumcrystalshapeECSA Electrochemicallyactivesurfacearea;
Electrochemicalsurfacearea;Effectivecatalystsurfacearea
XIII–7FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
FCTESQA FuelCellTesting,SafetyandQualityAssurance(aninternationalefforttoharmonizefuelcelltestingprocedures)
FCTO FuelCellTechnologiesOfficeFCTT FuelCellTechnicalTeamFCV FuelcellvehicleFd FerredoxinFe IronFE U.S.DOEOfficeofFossilEnergyFe2O3 FerricoxideFEA FiniteelementanalysisFEM FiniteelementmodelFEP Fluorinatedethylenepropylene;Teflon®
FESEM Fieldemissionscanningelectronmicroscopefg-ELAT FinegradientELATFIB FocusedionbeamFISIPE FibrasAcrilicasPortugeseFLiNaK LiF-NaF-KFeutecticsaltFLP FrustratedLewispairFluent Computercodeforcomputationalfluid
dynamicsFMEA Failuremodesandeffectsanalysis19FNMR 19FluorinenuclearmagneticresonanceFNR FerredoxinNADP+oxidoreductaseFOM FederatedobjectmodelFOM FigureofmeritFPA Fluoroalkylphosphonicandphosphinicacidsfpi Finsperinchfpm FeetperminuteFPS Bis(4-fluorophenyl)sulfone;Fuelprocessing
systemFRP Fiber-reinforcedcompositepiping;Fiber-
reinforcedpolymer;FullrateproductionFRR FluoridereleaserateF-SPEEK FluorosulfonicacidofpolyetheretherketoneFSW Frictionstirweldingft FeetFT Faulttreeft2 Squarefeetft3 CubicfeetFTA FederalTransitAdministrationFT-IR,FTIR FouriertransforminfraredFTIR-ATR Fouriertransforminfraredattenuatedtotal
reflectionFTO Fluorine-dopedtinoxideFTP,FTP-75 FederalTestProcedure
EPDM EthylenepropylenedienemonomerEPHC EthylperhydrocarbazoleePTFE ExpandedpolytetrafluoroethyleneER EmergencyresponderERW ElectricresistanceweldES EnergystorageESA ElectrochemicalsurfaceareaESEM EnvironmentalscanningelectronmicroscopeESIF EnergySystemsIntegrationFacilityetal. Et Alii:andothersETA Eventtreeanalysisetc. Et cetera:andsoonE-TEK DivisionofDeNoraNorthAmerica,Inc.ETFE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethyleneETFECS ExtendedthinfilmelectrocatalyststructuresEtOH EthanolEU EuropeanUnioneV ElectronvoltEVD ExtremevaluedistributionsEVOH EthylenevinylalcoholEVSE ElectricvehiclesupplyequipmentEW EquivalentweightEXAFS ExtendedX-rayabsorptionfinestructure
analysisF FluorineF Faradayconstant,theamountofelectric
chargeinonemoleofelectrons(96,485.3383coulomb/mole)
F- FluorineionFA FurfylalcoholFANS FilteranalyzerneutronspectroscopyFAT FleetAnalysisToolkit;Factoryacceptance
testFBMR FluidizedbedmembranereactorFC FuelcellFCB FuelcellbusFCC Face-centeredcubic;FuelCellCatalyst;Fluid
catalyticcrackingFCEB FuelcellelectricbusFCEV FuelcellelectricvehicleFCI FixedcapitalinvestmentFCPOWER FuelCellPowerModelFCPP FuelcellpowerplantFCS FuelcellsystemFCSMR Forecourtsteammethanereformer(ing)FCT FuelCellTechnologies
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
XIII–8DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report
GLY GlycerolGlyme Dimethoxyethanegm Gram(s)GM GeneralMotorsgm/day Gram(s)perdayg/min Gram(s)perminuteGNF GraphitenanofiberGO GrapheneoxideGODC GrapheneoxidederivedcarbonGOF Graphene-oxideframeworkGPa Gigapascal(s)GPAT GlobalPathwaysResourceAnalysisToolGPC GelpermeationchromatographyGPS GlobalpositioningsystemGPU GaspermeationunitsGRC Glass-reinforcedconcreteGREC Graphitereinforcedepoxycomposite(IM6
continuouslywound)GREET2 Greenhousegases,RegulatedEmissionsand
EnergyuseinTransportationmodelGRPE WorkingPartyonPollutionandEnergyg/s GramspersecondGTI GasTechnologyInstituteGTR GlobalTechnicalRegulationsGUI GraphicaluserinterfaceGV GasolinevehicleGVW GrossvehicleweightGW Anapproximationpermittingpractical
calculationofexcitationenergiesinmetals,semi-conductorsandinsulators
GWe,GWe Gigawatt(s)electrich Hour(s)H HydrogenH+ ProtonH- HydrideH2 DiatomichydrogenH2A HydrogenAnalysisprojectsponsoredbyDOEH2BPyDC 2,2’-bipyridine-5,5’-dicarboxylicacidH2cat Catechol,1,2dihydroxybenzeneH2-FCS Stationaryfuelcellsystemdesignsthatco-
producehydrogenH2(hfipbb) 4,4’-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(benzoic
acid)H2I HawaiiHydrogenInitiativeH2-ICE,H2ICE
Hydrogeninternalcombustionengine
FWS Fixed-windowscanFW Formulaweight;FilamentwindingFWHM FullwidthathalfmaximumFY Fiscalyearg Gram;accelerationofgravityG GraphiteGa GalliumGaAs GalliumarsenicGADDS Generalareadiffractionsystemgal GallonGaP GalliumphosphideGB GigabyteGC Gaschromatograph;GeneralcomputationalGC Glassy,orvitreouscarbon:apurecarbonthat
isamorphous(non-crystalline)g/cc GramspercubiccentimeterGCLP Grand-canonicallinearprogrammingGCMC GrandCanonicalMonteCarloGCMS Gaschromatograph-massspectroscopyGCNF Graphitizedcarbonnano-fiberGCNT GraphitizedcarbonnanotubesGCtool SoftwarepackagedevelopedatANLfor
analysisoffuelcellsandotherpowersystemsGd GadoliniumGDC Gadolinium-dopedceriaGDE GasdiffusionelectrodeGDL GasdiffusionlayerGDM GasdiffusionmediaGDS GalvanodynamicscanGe GermaniumGES GinerElectrochemicalSystems,LLCGF GlassfiberGFC GasflowchannelGFP GreenfluorescentproteinGGA GeneralizedgradientapproximationGGE,gge GasolinegallonequivalentGH2 GaseoushydrogenGHG GreenhousegasGHSV GashourlyspacevelocityGIS GeographicinformationsystemGJ Gigajoule(s)g/kW Gram(s)perkilowattGLACD Glancingangleco-depositionGLAD GlancingangledepositionGLS Gas-liquidseparator
XIII–9FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
HER HydrogenevolutionreactionHES HydrogenenergystationHEV HybridelectricvehicleHEX HeatexchangerHf HafniumHF HydrogenFuelerHF Hydrofluorhydricacid;Hydrogenfluoride;
Hartree-FockHFB HexafluorobenzeneHFC HydrogenfuelcellHFCTF HawaiiFuelCellTestFacilityHFCV HydrogenfuelcellvehicleHFI HydrogenFuelInitiativeHFP HexafluoropropyleneHFP 1,1,1,3,3,3hexafluoro-2-propanolHFR High-frequencyresistanceHFS HydrogenfuelingstationHFSS High-fluxsolarsimulatorHFV Hydrogen-fueledvehicleHGEF HawaiiGatewayEnergyCenterHGM HydrogenGenerationModuleHGMs HollowglassmicrospheresHGV HydrogengaseousvehicleHHV HigherheatingvalueHI Hydrogeniodide,hydriodicacidHIA Hydrogen-inducedamorphization;Hydrogen
ImplementingAgreementHIAD HydrogenIncidentsandAccidentsDatabaseHIB High-impedancebufferHIC Hydrogen-inducedcrackingHICE HydrogeninternalcombustionengineHiPCO,HiPCo High-pressurecarbonmonoxideHIPOC HydrogenIndustryPanelonCodesHIx Blendofhydrogeniodide,iodine,andwaterHIZ Perhydro-indolizidineHKUST 1Cu3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)2
HLA HighlevelarchitectureHMC HyundaiMotorCompanyHNEI HawaiiNaturalEnergyInstituteHNO3 NitricacidHOMO HighestoccupiedmolecularorbitalHOPG Highly-orderedpyrolyticgraphiteHOR Hydrogenoxidationreactionhp HorsepowerHP Highpressure
H2Lib LibraryofH2componentmodelsinSimulink®
H2O WaterH2O2 HydrogenperoxideH2oba 4,4’-oxybis-benzoicacidH2QWG DOEHydrogenQualityWorkingGroupH2S HydrogensulfideH2SO4 SulfuricacidH2V HydrogenvehicleH3BBC 1,3,5-tris(4’-carboxy[1,1’-biphenyl]-4-yl-)
benzeneH3BTB 4,4’,4’’-benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tribenzoicacidH3PO4 PhosphoricacidHAADF High-angleannulardark-fieldHAADF-STEM Highangleannulardarkfieldscanning
transmissionelectronmicroscopyHAMMER HazardousMaterialsManagementand
EmergencyResponseHATCI HyundaiAmericaTechnicalCenter,Inc.HAVO HawaiiVolcanoesNationalParkHAZ Heat-affectedzoneHAZID HazardIdentificationAnalysisHAZOP HazardsandOperationalSafetyAnalysis;
HazardsandoperabilityanalysisHB HydrazineboraneHBr HydrogenbromideHBTU o-Benzotriazol-1-yl-N,N,N’,N’-
tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphateHCC HybridcathodecatalystHCl,HCL Hydrochloricacid;HydrogenchlorideHClO4 PerchloricacidHCN HydrogencoordinationnumberHCNG Hydrogen-compressednaturalgasHCO3
- Bicarbonatehcp Hexagonalclose-packingHC&S HawaiianCommercialandSugarCompanyHD DeuteriumhydrideHDF HydrogendispensingfacilityHDPE High-densitypolyethyleneHDS HydrogendesulfurizationHDSAM HydrogenDeliveryScenarioAnalysisModelHe HeliumHE HydrogenembrittlementHEMA 2-hydroxylethylmethacrylateHEN HeatexchangenetworkHEPA Highefficiencyparticulateairfilter
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
XIII–10DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report
HTM High-temperaturemembrane;Hydrogentransportmembrane
HTMWG HighTemperatureMembraneWorkingGroupHTPEM High-temperaturepolymerelectrolyte
membraneHTWGS High-temperaturewater-gasshiftHTXRD High-temperatureX-raydiffractionHVAC Heating,ventilation,andcoolingHWCVD Hot-wirechemicalvapordepositionHWD HotwiredepositionHWFET HighwayFuelEconomyTestHX HeatexchangerHyARC HydrogenAnalysisResourceCenterHYDA Chlamydomonas reinhardtii[FeFe]
hydrogenaseHydrofillTM GTIhydrogendispenserfillingcontrol
algorithmHyDRA HydrogenDemandandResourceAnalysisHyPro,HYPRO
AnalysistoolHyQRA HydrogenquantitativeriskassessmentHyS HybridsulfurHYSYS® ProcesssimulationsoftwarebyAspentech,
computercodeforflowsheetanalysisHyTEx HydrogenTechnicalExperimental(database)HyTRANS DOE’smarketsimulationmodelforthe
transitiontohydrogenvehiclesHz HertzHZM Hotzonemodulei Currentdensity(mA/cm2)I CurrentI2 DiatomiciodineI2CNER InternationalInstituteforCarbon-Neutral
EnergyResearchIBAD IonbeamassisteddepositionIBS IonbeamsputteringI/C IonomertocatalystIC InternalcombustionICC InternationalCodeCouncilICE InternalcombustionengineICEV InternalcombustionenginevehicleICMS IntegratedceramicmembranesystemICP InductivelycoupledplasmaICPAE InductivelycoupledplasmaatomicemissionICP-AES Inductivelycoupledplasmaatomicemission
spectroscopy
HPA HeteropolyacidHPA-C HeteropolyacidHPC HighlyporouscarbonHPEP HydrogenProductionExpertPanelHPIT Hydrogen-poweredindustrialtruckHPLC HighperformanceliquidchromatographyHPPH 1,6-di(4-hydroxyl)phenylperfluorohexaneHPPS N,N-diisopropylethylammonium2,2-bis(p-
hydroxyphenyl)pentafluoropropanesulfonateHPRD HydrogenpressurereliefdeviceHQS100 Hydroquinonesulfonehr Hour(s)HRA HomerefuelingapplianceHRS HydrogenrefuelingstationsHRT HydraulicretentiontimeHRTEM High-resolutiontransmissionelectron
microscopyHR-STEM Highresolutionscanningtransmission
electronmicroscopyHRXRT High-resolutionX-raytomographyHS HydrogensorptionHSAC HighsurfaceareacarbonHSC Databasenamederivedfromthelettersfor
enthalpy,entropy,andheatcapacityHSCC HydrogenStationCostCalculatorHSCoE HydrogenSorptionCenterofExcellenceHSDC HydrogenSecureDataCenterHSE HighsurfaceareaelectrodeHSECoE HydrogenStorageEngineeringCenterof
ExcellenceHSMCoE HydrogenStorageMaterialCenterof
ExcellenceHSO4 BisulfateanionHSP HydrogensafetyplanHSRP HydrogenSafetyReviewPanelHSSIM HydrogenStorageSIMulatorHSU HydrogenseparationunitHT HightemperatureH-T-NT HierarchicalTiO2nanotubesHTAC HydrogenandFuelCellTechnicalAdvisory
CommitteeHTFC High-temperaturefuelcellHTFSA TrifluomethylsulfonicacidHTGR High-temperaturegas-cooledreactorHTHX High-temperatureheatexchanger
XIII–11FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
IPCE Incidentphotonconversiontoelectrons;Incidentphotonconversionefficiency
IPE IntegratedphotovoltaicelectrolysisIPES InversephotoemissionspectroscopyIPHE InternationalPartnershipfortheHydrogen
EconomyIPNS IntensePulseNeutronScatteringFacilityat
ArgonneNationalLaboratoryIQE InternalquantumefficiencyIR InfrarediR InternalresistanceIr IridiumIRMOF IsoreticularmetalorganicframeworkIrOx IridiumoxideIRR InternalrateofreturnIRRAS Infraredreflection-absorptionspectroscopyISIS World’sleadingpulsedneutronandmuon
sourcelocatedattheUKRutherfordAppletonLaboratorynearOxford
ISO InternationalOrganizationforStandardization
ISOTC197 InternationalStandardsOrganizationTechnicalCommittee
ISS IonscatteringspectroscopyITM IontransportmembraneITO IndiumtinoxideITP IndiumtinphosphateITWS IsothermalwatersplittingIV Current-voltageJ Current;Joule(s)JHQTF JointHydrogenQualityTaskForce(U.S.Fuel
CellCouncil)JM JohnsonMattheyJMFC Johnson-MattheyFuelCells,Inc.JNAIST JapaneseNationalInstituteofAdvanced
IndustrialScienceandTechnologyJOBSFC JOBSandeconomicimpactsofFuelCellsJOBSH2 JOBSandeconomicimpactsofHydrogenJPL JetPropulsionLaboratoryJRC JointResearchCentreJ-V,JV Currentdensity-voltageK Sievert’sconstant,ml/[cm2-min-atm½]K Kelvin,absolutetemperatureK PotassiumkÅ 1,000angstromsKAERI KoreaAtomicEnergyResearchInstitute
ICP-MS Inductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry
ICP-OES Inductivelycoupledplasmaopticalemissionspectroscopy
ICR InterfacialcontactresistanceID Insidediameteri.e. id est:thatisIE IntelligentEnergyIEA InternationalEnergyAgencyIEA-HIA InternationalEnergyAgencyHydrogen
ImplementingAgreementIEC InternationalElectrotechnicalCommissionIEC Ionexchangecapacity,milliequivalentsof
acidgroupspergramofmaterialIECV IntegratedendcapvesselIEEE InstituteofElectricalandElectronics
Engineers,Inc.IET InstituteforEnergyandTransportIFC InternationalFireCodeIGBT Insolated-gatebipolartransistorIGCC IntegratedgasificationcombinedcycleIGCC-CMR Integratedgasificationcombinedcycle-
catalyticmembranereactorIGCC-MR Integratedgasificationcombinedcycle-
membranereactorIGCC-PBR Integratedgasificationcombinedcycle-
paladium-basedreactorIGT InstituteofGasTechnologyIIC Industrial,institutional,andcommercialIINS InelasticincoherentneutronscatteringIIT IllinoisInstituteofTechnologyIL IonicliquidILS Inter-laboratorystudiesILTA IonicliquidstetheredtoamineboranesIn IndiumIn.,in Inchin2 SquareinchINER InstituteofNuclearEnergyResearchINERI InternationalNuclearEnergyResearch
InitiativeInP IndiumphosphorusINS InelasticneutronscatteringI-O Input-outputIOS IntelligentOpticalSystems,Inc.IP Inductionperiod;IntellectualpropertyIPA Isopthalate;IsopropylalcoholIPCC IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
XIII–12DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report
LANL LosAlamosNationalLaboratoryLAO Lanthanum-modifiedaluminaLAPS LargeapertureprojectionscatterometerLAS Largeaperturescatterometrylb Pound(s)LBM LatticeBoltzmannmethodlbmol Pound(s)-moleLBNL LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryLC Liquidcarrier;LowconcentrationLCA Lifecycleassessment;Life-cycleanalysisLCC LifecyclecostLCC La0.7Ca0.3CrO3-δ
LCH2 Hydrogenatedliquidcarrier;Compressedhydrogenproducedfromliquidhydrogen
LCHPP LowCostHydrogenProductionPlatform(DOEProgramTitle)
LCMS Liquidchromatography-massspectroscopyLCOD LevelizedcostofdrivingLCOE LevelizedcostofelectricityL/D LengthtodiameterratioLDV Light-dutyvehicleLED LightemittingdiodeLEED Low-energyelectrondiffractionLEL LowerexplosionlimitLFG LandfillgasLFL LowerflammabilitylimitL/h,l/h Liter(s)perhourLH2,LH2 LiquidhydrogenLHC Light-harvestingchlorophyllLHSV Liquidhourlyspacevelocity,h-1
LHV LowerheatingvalueLi LithiumLi3N LithiumnitrideLi-AB Lithiumamidoborane,Li-NH2-BH3
LiBH4 LithiumborohydrideLIBS Laser-inducedbreakdownspectroscopyLiH LithiumhydrideLLC LimitedLiabilityCompany;LessonsLearned
CornerLLNL LawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratoryL/min,l/min Liter(s)perminuteLMWO Lanthanummolybdenumtungstenoxide(e.g.,
La2Mo1.8W0.2O9-x)LN2 LiquidnitrogenLNG LiquefiednaturalgasLOC Liquidorganiccarrier
KAIST KoreaAdvancedInstituteofScienceandTechnology
kA/m2 Kilo-ampere(s)persquaremeterkb Kilo-basepair,aunitofmeasurementusedin
geneticsequalto1,000nucleotidesKBr Potassiumbromidekcal Kilocalorie(s)kcal/mol Kilocalorie(s)permoleKeV Kiloelectronvolt(s)kg Kilogram(s)kg/d Kilogram(s)perdaykg/hr Kilogram(s)perhourkg/m3 Kilogram(s)percubicmeterKH PotassiumhydrideKHTC Hydrotalcites;Potassium-promoted
hydrotalcitekHz KilohertzKIH FracturetoughnessmeasuredinhydrogengaskJ Kilojoule(s)KJIC FracturetoughnesskJ/mol Kilojoule(s)permolekm Kilometer(s)KMC KineticMonteCarloKOH PotassiumhydroxidekPa Kilopascal(s)kph Kilometer(s)perhourksi 1,000pound-forcepersquareinchkT/y Kiloton(s)peryearKth,Kth FracturetoughnessthresholdKTH Hydrogen-assistedcrackgrowththresholdkVA Kilovolt-amp(s)(unitsofapparentpower)kW Kilowatt(s)kWe,kWe Kilowatt(s)electrickWh Kilowatt-hour(s)kWh/kg Kilowatt-hour(s)perkilogramkWh/L Kilowatt-hour(s)perliterkW/kg Kilowatt(s)perkilogramkWt Kilowatt(s)thermalL,l Liter(s)La LanthanumLAGP LithiumaluminumgermaniumphosphateLAH Lithiumaluminumhydride(LiAlH4)λ Lambda,hydrationnumberLAMH LithiumamideandmagnesiumhydrideLAMOX Lanthanummolybdenumoxide(e.g.,
La2Mo2O9)
XIII–13FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
M70 Arkema’sfourth-generationmembranecandidate
MA Massactivity;methylacrylateMA3T MarketAcceptanceofAdvancedAutomotive
TechnologiesµA Microampere(s)mA Milliamp(s)MA MassactivityM-AB Metalammonia-boraneMAB,M-AB MetalamidoboranesµA/cm2 Microampere(s)persquarecentimetermA/cm2 Milliamp(s)persquarecentimeterMARKAL MarketAllocationModel—Ageneric,multi-
sectorenergymodeldevelopedbytheEnergyTechnologySystemsAnalysisProgramoftheInternationalEnergyAgency
MAS MagicanglespinningMAS11B-NMR
Magicanglespinningboron-11nuclearmagneticresonancespectroscopy
MAS-NMR Magicanglespinningnuclearmagneticresonance
MATI ModularAdsorptionTankInsertMAWP MaximumallowableworkingpressureMB MegabyteMBE MolecularbeamepitaxyMBMS MolecularbeammassspectrometryM-BOP MechanicalbalanceofplantMBRC MilesbetweenroadcallMBWR ModifiedBenedictWebbRubinMC MonteCarlo;MethylcellulosemC2 Multi-componentcomposite(membrane)MCB MarineCorpsBasemC-cm-2 Millicoulomb(s)persquarecentimeterMCEL MilleniumCell,Inc.MCFC MoltencarbonatefuelcellmCHP Micro-combinedheatandpowerμCHP Micro-combinedheatandpowerµCHX Microscalecombustor/heatexchangerMCM Mobilecrystallinematerialμc-Si MicrocrystallinesiliconMDES Methyl-diethoxysilanemdip 5,5′-methylene-di-isophthalateMEA MembraneelectrodeassemblyMeAB MethylamineboraneMEAM Modifiedembeddedatommethod
LOHC LiquidorganichydrogencarrierLP LatticeparameterLPG LiquefiedpetroleumgasLPM Liter(s)perminuteLPR Liquid-phasereformingLQ* DehydrogenatedliquidcarrierLQ*H2 HydrogenatedliquidcarrierLRIP LowrateinitialproductionLRS LaserramanspectroscopyLSAC LowsurfaceareacarbonLSC Lanthanumstrontiumcobaltoxide,(La,Sr)
CoO3,strontium-dopedlanthanumcobaltite,La0.8Sr0.2CoO3+δ
LSCF Lanthanumstrontiumcobaltironoxide,(La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3
LSCF7328 La-Sr-Cu-Fe-OLSCM Lanthanumstrontiumchromiummanganese
oxide,(La,Sr)(Cr,Mn)O3
LSCr Lanthanumstrontiumchromiumoxide,(La,Sr)CrO3
LSM LanthanumstrontiummanganeseLSMO Lanthanumstrontiummanganeseoxide,
(La,Sr)MnO3,strontium-dopedlanthanummanganite,La0.8Sr0.2MnO3+δ
LST Lanthanumstrontiumtitaniumoxide,(La,Sr)TiO3
LSV Lanthanumstrontiumvanadate;Linearsweepvoltammetry
LT Low-temperatureLTDMS Laserinducedthermaldesorptionmass
spectrometryLUMO Lowestunoccupiedmolecularorbitalm Meter(s)M Mole,Molar;Millionm2 Squaremeter(s)m2/g Squaremeter(s)pergramm2/s Squaremeter(s)persecondm3 Cubicmeter(s)M31 Arkema’sfirst-generationmembrane
candidateM41 Arkema’ssecond-generationmembrane
candidateM43 Arkema’sthird-generationmembrane
candidateM51,M52,M53
Arkema’smembanesincorporatingphosphonicacid
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
XIII–14DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report
MMBtu MillionBritishthermalunitsMM-FSW Multi-pass,multi-layerfrictionstirweldingMMOF Microporousmetal-organicframeworkmmol Millimole(s)µmol Micromole(s)MMSCFD Millionstandardcubicfeet/dayMMT MillionmetrictonnesMn ManganeseMn2O3 ManganeseoxideM-N-H Amide/imideMnO ManganeseoxideµΩ-cm2 Micro-ohm(s)-squarecentimeterMo MolybdenumMO Molecularorbital;metaloxideMOA MemorandumofAgreementMOF Metal-organicframeworkmol Mole(s)MOL Middleoflifemol% Molepercentmol/min Mole(s)perminutemΩ Milli-ohm(s)MΩ Mega-ohm(s)mΩ/cm2 Milli-ohm(s)persquarecentimeterMoPc MolybdenumphthalocyanineMOR MethanoloxidationreactionMPa Megapascal(s)MPG,mpg Mile(s)pergallonMPGGE Milespergasolinegallonequivalentmph Mile(s)perhourMPHI MethylperhydroindoleMPL MicroporouslayerMPMC MassivelyParallelMonteCarlompy MilesperyearMQMAS MultiplequantummagicanglespinningMR MembranereactorMRCAT MaterialsResearchCollaborativeAccess
TeamMREC Microbialreverse-electrodialysiselectrolysis
cellMRI MagneticresonanceimagingMRL Manufacturingreadinesslevelms Millisecond(s)MS Massspectroscopy;Massspectrometry;More
StationsMSAC Mid-rangecarbonsupport;Mediumsurface
areacarbon
MEC Microbialelectrolysiscell;Minimumexplosiveconcentration
MeCN AcetonitrileMEIC Mixedelectronicandionicconducting
(membranes)MEMS Micro-electro-mechanicalsystemsMeOH Methanolmeq Milliequivalentsmeq/g Milliequivalents/gramMES MicrostructeredelectrodescaffoldMeV Megaelectronvoltmf MassfractionMg Megagram(s)µg Microgram(s)mg Milligram(s)MgCl2 Magnesiumchloridemg/cm2 Milligram(s)persquarecentimeterMgH2 MagnesiumhydrideMgH2@C MgH2incorporatedincarbonscaffoldMgO MagnesiumoxideMg(OH)2 MagnesiumhydroxidemgPt/cm2 Milligram(s)ofplatinumpersquare
centimeterMH,M-H MetalhydrideMHC Metalhydride-basedcompressorMHCoE MetalHydrideCenterofExcellenceMHE MaterialhandlingequipmentMHI MethylperhydroindoleMHz Megahertzmi Mile(s)MIE MinimumignitionenergyMIEC Mixedionicandelectronicconductionmi/kg Mile(s)perkilogrammil Millimeter(s)min Minute(s)MIT MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyMiTi® MohawkInnovativeTechnologiesInc.MJ Megajoule(s)mL,ml Milliliter(s)ML MonolayerµCHP Micro-combinedheatandpowerµm Micrometer(s);micron(s)µM MicromolarmM Millimolarmm Millimeter(s)
XIII–15FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
NaBH4 SodiumborohydrideNaBO2 SodiummetaborateNACE NationalAssociationofCorrosionEngineersNaCl SodiumchlorideNACS NorthAmericanCatalysisSocietyNADH (reduced)NicotinamideadeninedinucleotideNADP NicotinamideadeninedinucleotidephosphateNADPH Nicotinamideadenininedinucleotide
phosphateNafion® RegisteredTrademarkofE.I.DuPontde
NemoursNaH SodiumhydrideNANG NorthAmericannaturalgasNaOH SodiumhydroxideNAS NationalAcademyofSciencesNASA NationalAeronauticsandSpace
AdministrationNb NiobiumNcc NormalcubiccentimetersN/cm2 Newton(s)persquarecentimeterNCNR NISTCenterforNeutronResearchND NotdeterminedatthistimeNDC Newdeliveryconcept,Naphthalene-2,6-
dicarboxylatenDDB N-dodecylbenzeneNDE Non-destructiveexaminationNE U.S.DOEOfficeofNuclearEnergy,Science,
andTechnologyNEB NudgedelasticbandNEC NationalElectricalCodeNEF N-ethylformamideNEMS NationalEnergyModelingSystemNEPA NationalEnvironmentalPolicyActNETL NationalEnergyTechnologyLaboratoryNEU NortheasternUniversityNEXAFS NearedgeX-rayabsorptionfinestructureNFCBP NationalFuelCellBusProgramNFCRC NationalFuelCellResearchCenterNFM NanoporousframeworkmaterialNfn-Pt/C Nafion®-loadedPt/CNFPA NationalFireProtectionAssociationng NanogramNG NaturalgasNGCC NaturalgascombinedcycleNGNP NextGenerationNuclearPlantNGV Naturalgasvehicle
mS/cm Milli-Siemen(s)percentimeterMS-H2 HydrogenmassspectrometryMSM Macro-SystemModelMSR MembranesteamreformerMSRI MaterialsandSystemsResearch,Inc.MSTF MesostructuredthinfilmsMTA Metrictonneperannum;MassTransportation
AgencyMTBF MeantimebetweenfailureMTBR MeantimebetweenrepairsM/TC Metal-dopedtemplatedcarbonM-TCPP M=Fe,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,H2,tetrakis(4-
carboxyphenyl)porphyrinmtorr MillitorrµV Microvolt(s)mV Millivolt(s)MV MethylviologenmW Milliwatt(s)MW Megawatt(s)MW MolecularweightmW/cm2 Milliwatt(s)persquarecentimeterMWCNT Multiple-wallcarbonnanotubeMWe Megawatt(s)electricMWh Megawatt-hour(s)MWNT Multi-wallcarbonnanotubeMWOE MidwestOptoelectronics,LLCMWth Megawatt(s)thermalMYPP Multi-YearProgramPlan(theFuelCell
TechnologiesOffice’sMulti-YearResearch,Development,andDemonstrationPlan)
MYRDD,MYRD&DP Multi-YearResearch,DevelopmentandDemonstrationPlan
N Normal(e.g.,1NH3PO4is1normalsolutionofphosphoricacid)
N NitrogenatomN Newton(unitofforce)N112 Nafion1100equivalentweight,2millimeter
thickmembraneN2 DiatomicnitrogenN2O NitrousoxideNa SodiumNA NorthAmericanNa2S SodiumsulfideNa3AlH6 TrisodiumhexahydroaluminateNaAlH4 Sodiumaluminumhydride;Sodium
tetrahydroaluminate;Sodiumalanate
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
XIII–16DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report
NPPD n-phenyl-phenylenediamineNPS NationalParkServiceNPT NormalpressureandtemperatureNPV NetpresentvalueNR NanorodNR3 TertiaryamineNRC NationalResearchCouncilNREL NationalRenewableEnergyLaboratoryNRELFAT NRELFleetAnalysisToolkitNRVS NuclearresonancevibrationalspectroscopyNSF NationalScienceFoundationNSTF Nano-structuredthin-filmNSTFC Nano-structuredthinfilmcatalystNT NanotubeNTCNA NissanTechnicalCenter,NorthAmericaNTE Negativethermal-expansionN-T-NT Nano-grasstypetitaniananotubeNV NeutronvibrationalNVS NeutronvibrationalspectroscopyNW NanowireNWM NaturalWaterManagement,UTCPower’s
systemandcellstackdesignwhichutilizesevaprotativecoolinginthecellstackassembly
NYSERDA NewYorkStateEnergyResearchandDevelopmentAuthority
NZVI NanozerovalentironΩ Ohm(s)Ωcm2 Ohm(s)-squarecentimeterO OxygenO2 DiatomicoxygenO/C Oxygen-to-carbonratioOCP OpencircuitpotentialOCSD OrangeCountySanitationDistrictOCV Open-circuitvoltageo.d.,OD OuterdiameterODA OxygenatedformofdiamineODE OrdinarydifferentialequationOEC OxygenevolvingcomplexOEM OriginalequipmentmanufacturerOER OxygenevolutionreactionOGMC OrderedgraphiticmesoporouscarbonOH- HydroxylradicalO&M OperationandmaintenanceOMC OrderedmesoporouscarbonΩ Ohm(s)
NH3 AmmoniaNHA NationalHydrogenAssociationNHE NormalhydrogenelectrodeNHFC4 NationalHydrogenandFuelCellsCodesand
StandardsCoordinatingCommitteeNHI NuclearHydrogenInitiativeNHTSA NationalHighwayTrafficSafety
AdministrationoftheU.S.DepartmentofTransportation
Ni NickelNICC NaturalgasInfrastructureComponentCost
modelNILS NormalinterstitiallatticesitesNiMH NickelmetalhydrideNIR Nearinfra-redNIST NationalInstituteofStandardsand
TechnologyNL Normalliter(s)NLDFT Non-localdensityfunctionaltheorynm Nanometer(s)NM NoblemetalNm3 Normalcubicmeter(s)NMHC Non-methanehydrocarbonsNMOC Non-methaneorganiccarbonsnmol Nanomole(s)NMP N-methylpyrrolidoneNMR NuclearmagneticresonanceNMSU NewMexicoStateUniversityNMT NewMexicoTechNNA Non-NorthAmericanNNANG Non-NorthAmericannaturalgasNNIF NISTneutronimagingfacilityNNSA NationalNuclearSecurityAdministrationNO2 NitricoxideNOA NorlandOpticalAdhesivenOB N-octylbenzeneNOx,NOx OxidesofnitrogenNP NanoparticleNPB NeopentylbenzeneNPC Nanoporouscarbon;NormalizedphotocurrentNPGM Non-preciousmetalgroupNPMC Non-preciousmetalcatalystNPD NeutronpowderdiffractionNPDF NeutronpowderdiffractionNPM Nanostructuredpolymericmaterials;
Non-preciousmetal
XIII–17FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
PCF PolycarbonatefilmPCHD Poly(cyclohexadiene)PCI Pressure-compositionisothermPCL PolycaprolactonePCM PowercontrolmodulePCN PorouscoordinationnetworkP-C-P Phosphorus-carbon-phosphorusPCR PolymerasechainreactionPCS PowerconditioningsystemPCT,P-C-T Pressure-concentration-temperaturePCTFE PolychlorotrifluoroethylenePd PalladiumPDA PhenyldiacetylenePdAg Palladium-silveralloyPd-ACF Pd-modifiedactivatedcarbonfibersPd-CR Palladium-basedchemicalresistorPdCu,Pd-Cu Palladium-copperalloyPdCuTM PalladiumcoppertransitionmetalPDF Probabilitydensityfunction;Pairdistribution
functionPdHg/CF Carbonfoamdopedwithpalladium-mercury
compoundPDI PolydispersityindexPd-MIS Palladium-basedmetal-insulator-
semiconductorPDMS PolydimethylsiloxanePDS PotentiodynamicscanPDU ProcessdevelopmentunitPE Polyelectrolyte;PolyethylenePEC Photoelectrochemical;Photoelectrocatalyst;
PhotoelectrochemicalcellPECH PolyepichlorohydrinPECVD Plasma-enhancedchemicalvapordepositionPED PulsedelectrodepositionPEDOT:ClO4 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):perchloratePEEK PolyetheretheretherketonePEFC Polymerelectrolytefuelcell;Protonexchange
fuelcellPEG PolyethyleneglycolPEGMEMA Monomethoxypoly(ethyleneglycol)
methacrylatePEGS PrototypeelectrostaticgroundstatePEI Polyetherimide;PolyethyleneiminePEKK Poly(etherketoneketone)PEM Protonexchangemembrane;Polymer
electrolytemembrane
Ωcm2 Ohm(s)-squarecentimeterONR OfficeofNavalResearchORF OpeningReadingFrameindicatingthe
occurenceofaproteincodingregionintheDNAsequence
ORNL OakRidgeNationalLaboratoryORNL-HTML
OakRidgeNationalLaboratoryHighTemperatureMaterialsLaboratory
ORR OxygenreductionreactionOSC OxygenstoragecapabilityOSHA OccupationalSafetyandHealth
AdministrationOSM Opticalscatterfieldmicroscopyo-SWNH Oxidizedsingle-wallednanohornOSU OhioStateUniversityOSU OregonStateUniversity(Microproducts
BreakthroughInstitute)OTM OxygentransportmembraneP PhosphorusP PressurePa Pascal(s)PA Phosphoricacid,Phenylacetylene;PolyamidePAA Poly(acrylicacid)P&D PickupanddeliveryPAD Polymer-assisteddepositionPADD PetroleumAdministrationforDefense
DistrictPAES Poly(arylene-ether-sulfone)PAFC PhosphoricacidfuelcellP&ID PipingandinstrumentationdiagramPAN Peroxyacetylnitrate;PolyacrylonitrilePANI PolyanilinePAN-MA PolyacrylonitrilewithmethylacrylatePAN-VA PolyacrylonitrilewithvinylacetatePA/PBI Phosphoric-acid-dopedpolybenzimidazolePAR Photosynthetically-activeradiationPAS Photoactivesemiconductor;PhotoacousticPb LeadPB PolyborazylenePBI PolybenzimidazolePBPDSA poly(biphenylenedisulfonicacid)P-C Pressure-compositionPC PolycarbonatePCA PyrenecarboxylicacidPCE Perchloroethylene
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
XIII–18DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report
PHEV Plug-inhybridelectricvehiclePHI Perhydro-indolizidinePHIP Para-hydrogeninducedpolarizationPHMI Perhydro-methylindolePhOH PhenolPI PrincipalinvestigatorPI PolyimideP&ID Pipingandinstrumentationdiagram;Process
andinstrumentationdiagramPIL,pIL ProticionicliquidPIM,pIM ProticionicmembranepKa AciddissociationconstantPLC ProgrammablelogiccontrollerPLLA Poly-L-lacticacidPLP PreparedLewispairPLRS PlanarlaserRaleighscatterPLS Polymer-layeredsilicatePM PreciousmetalsuchasplatinumPM ParticulatematterPMG Glycidylmethacrylate-typecopolymerPMMA Poly(methylmethacrylate)PND PolymerizednitrogendonorPNNL PacificNorthwestNationalLaboratorypO2 OxygenpartialpressurePOC ProofofconceptPOCOP P,P-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-,3-[[bis(1,1-
dimethylethyl)phosphino]oxy]phenylesterPOF Polymeric-organicframework;Porous
organicframeworkPOM PolyoxometallatePOP PorousorganicpolymersPOSS PolyhedraloligomericsilsesquioxanePOX PartialoxidationPP Polyphosphazene;Polypropylene;
Poly(phenylene)PPA Polyphosphoricacid;Polyphthalamideppb Part(s)perbillionppbv Part(s)perbillionbyvolumePPDSA Poly(p-phenylenedisulfonicacid)PPE PorouspolyethylenePPI PlugPower,Inc.;Pore(s)perinchppm,PPM Part(s)permillionppmv Part(s)permillionbyvolumeppmw Part(s)permillionbyweightPPN PorouspolymernetworkPPO Phenylphosphineoxide
PEMFC Polymerelectrolytemembranefuelcell;Protonexchangemembranefuelcell
PEN PolyethylenenaphthalatePEO Poly(ethyleneoxide)PES PolyethersulfonePES ProtonEnergySystems,Inc.PES PolyethersulfonePET PolyethyleneteraphthalatePetF1 SynechocystishostferredoxinPEV Plug-inelectricvehiclePF PerfluoroPFA Perfluoroalkoxy(atypeoffluoropolymer)PFA PolyfurfurylalcoholPFAC PFA-derivedcarbonPFAE PerfluoroalkyletherPFC PolymerelectrolytemembranefuelcellPFCS Poly-generativefuelcellsystemsPFD ProcessflowdiagramPFGB PerfluorinatedguanidinebasePFG-NMR Pulsefieldgradientnuclearmagnetic
resonancePFGSE PulsefieldgradientspinechoPFGSENMR Pulsedfieldgradientspinechonuclear
magneticresonancePFIA PerfluoroimideacidPFPO PerfluorinatedpropyleneoxidePFPO-PSS Poly(perfluoropropyleneoxide)-b-
poly(styrenesulfonate)PFSA Perfluorinatedsulfonicacid,perfluorosulfonic
acid,poly(fluorosulfonicacid)PFSI PerfluorosulfonateionomerPFSHQ 2-(5-fluorosulfonyl-3-oxaoctafluoropentyl)-
1,4-dihydroxy-benzenePG PropyleneglycolPGAA Prompt-gammaactivationanalysisPGE PlatinumgroupelementPGM Preciousgroupmetal;Platinum-groupmetalPGSE Pulsed-fieldgradientspin-echoPGV PunaGeothermalVenturespH Powerofthehydroniumionp-H2 Para-hydrogenPh3SnCl TriphenyltinchloridePh3SnSnPh3 HexaphenyldistannanePHA Processhazardanalysis;Preliminaryhazard
analysisPHEC Perhydro-ethylcarbazole
XIII–19FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
Pt/AX-21 Pt-dopedmicroporouscarbonAX-21Pt/C Platinum/carbonPTC ProductiontaxcreditPTFE Teflon®–poly-tetrafluoroethylenePt-FePO PlatinumironphosphatePTM ProtontransportmembranePtML PlatinummonolayerPt-MM PlatinumgroupmixedmetalPt-NH Platinumdecoratedcarbonnano-hornsPtO PlatinumoxidePtO2 PlatinumdioxidePtRu PlatinumrutheniumPt-SWNH Platinumdecoratedsingle-wallednanohornsPt-TaPO PlatinumtantalumphosphatePTTPP Poly-tetrakis(3,5-dithiophen-2-ylphenyl)-
porphyrinPTW PumptowheelsPV Photovoltaic;PresentvaluePVA PolyvinylalcoholPVC PolyvinylchloridePVD PhysicalvapordepositionPVDC PolyvinylidenechloridePVDF PolyvinylidenefluoridePVP PolyvinylpyrrolidonePVPP PolyvinylpyridiniumphosphatePVT,P-V-T Pressure-Volume-TemperaturePXRD PowderX-raydiffractionPyC 4-pyrazolecarboxylatePzDC 2,8-pyrazaboledicarboxylateQ NeutronmomentumtransferQ1,Q2,Q3,Q4
QuartersoftheyearQC QualitycontrolQCM QuartzcrystalmicrobalanceQE QuantumefficiencyQENS QuasielasticneutronscatteringQLRA QualitativeriskanalysisQMC QuantumMonteCarloQNS QuasielasticneutronscatteringQRA QuantitativeriskassessmentqRT-PCR Quantitativereversetranscriptase-polymerase
chainreactionQst IsostericheatofadsorptionR Universaloridealgasconstant,8.314472J·
K-1·mol-1
RAMAN Aspectroscopictechnique
PPOR MetalloporphyrinporousorganicpolymerP-POSS Phosphonicacidpolyhedraloligomeric
silsesquioxanePPS PolyphenylenesulfidePPSA Poly(p-phenylenesulfonicacid)PPSA PartialpressureswingadsorptionPPSU PolyphenylsulfonePPy PolypyrrolePr PraseodymiumPR PressureratioPRA ProbabilisticriskassessmentPRD PressurereliefdevicePrOx PreferentialoxidationPRSV Peng-RobinsonStryjek-VeraPS Protonsponge(bis-(dimethyamino)
naphthalene)PS PolysiloxanePSA Pressureswingadsorption,adsorberPSAT PowertrainSystemsAnalysisToolkit,
avehiclesimulationsoftwarepackagedevelopedatArgonneNationalLaboratory
PSD Particlesizedistribution,poresizedistribution
PSEPVE Perfluoro(4-methyl-3,6-dioxaoct-7-ene)sulfonylfluoride
PSf Poly(aryleneethersulfone)psi,PSI Pound(s)persquareinchPSI PhotosystemIpsia Pound(s)persquareinchabsolutepsid Pound(s)persquareinchdifferentialpsig,PSIG Pound(s)persquareinchgaugePSOFC PlanarsolidoxidefuelcellPSS Porousstainlesssteel;PotentiostaticscanPSU PolysulfonePSU PennsylvaniaStateUniversityPt PlatinumPT PhosphazenetrimerP-T Pressure-temperaturePt3Co Platinum-cobaltalloyPt3Fe Platinum-ironalloyPt3Ni Platinum-nickelalloyPTA PhosphotungsticacidPt/AC/BC/IRMOF-8
Isoreticularmetalorganicframework(MOF)dopedwithplatinumsupportedonactivatedcarbon,andfurthercoupledtoMOFwithabridgingcompound
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
XIII–20DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report
RR RoundrobinRRDE RotatingringdiscelectrodeRSOFC ReversiblesolidoxidefuelcellRT RoomtemperatureRTD ResistivetemperaturedeviceRTIL RoomtemperatureionicliquidRTO Ruthenium-titaniumoxideRu Rutheniums Second(s)S Siemen(s)S Sulfur-S Sulfur-deprivedSA SpecificamperageSA SurfaceareaSA Sulfur-ammoniathermochemicalwater-
splittingcycle;SystemArchitectSAC Super-activatedcarbonSAE SAEInternational,originallyknownasthe
SocietyofAutomotiveEngineersSAFC SolidacidfuelcellSAH SodiumaluminumhydrideSAM ScanningAugermicroscopySAMPE SocietyfortheAdvancementofMaterialand
ProcessEngineeringSANS SmallangleneutronscatteringSAS Styrene-acrylonitrile-vinylsulfateSASSP SolventassistedsolidstateprocessingSAXS SmallangleX-rayscatteringSBAB Sec-butylamineboraneSBET BETspecificsurfaceareaSBH SodiumborohydrideSBIR SmallBusinessInnovationResearchSc ScandiumS/C SteamtocarbonratioSCC Stresscorrosioncrackingsccm,SCCM Standardcubiccentimeter(s)perminuteSCCV Steel/concretecompositevesselSCE SaturatedcalomelelectrodeSCF,scf Standardcubicfeet;Supercriticalfluidscfd StandardcubicfeetperdaySCFH,scfh StandardcubicfeetperhourSCFM StandardcubicfeetperminuteS/cm Siemen(s)percentimeterSCOF SinglecellwithopenflowfieldSCR Selectivecatalyticreduction;Semi-conductor
rectifier
RAS RussianAcademyofSciencesRBS RutherfordbackscatteringRC Resistance-capacitance;ResearchclusterRCD RatedcurrentdensityRCS RegulationscodesandstandardsRCSWG Regulations,Codes,andStandardsWorking
GroupRct ChargetransferresistanceRCWA RigorouscoupleswaveguideanalysisR&D ResearchanddevelopmentRD&D,R,D&D
Research,development&demonstrationRDE RotatingdiskelectrodeRe RheniumReaxFF Reactiveforcefieldlarge-scalemolecular
dynamiccalculationsREC RenewableenergycreditRED ReverseelectrodialysisREWP RenewableEnergyWorkingPartyRf GenericfluoroalkylgroupRF,rf RadiofrequencyRFC RegenerativefuelcellRFP RequestforproposalsRFT Reactiveflow-throughRGA Residualgasanalyzer(analysis)Rh RhodiumRH RelativehumidityRHE Referencehydrogenelectrode;Reversible
hydrogenelectrodeRHLC Relativehumidity/loadcycletestρa Apparentdensityofactivatedcarbonρad.H2
AdsorbatehydrogendensityinmicroporesRIXS ResonantinelasticX-rayscatteringspectraRMS RootmeansquareRNA RibonucleicacidRNG RenewablenaturalgasROI ReturnoninvestmentROM RoughorderofmagnitudeROMP Ring-openingmetathesispolymerizationROW RightofwayRPC Ruthenium-polypridylcomplexRPI RensselaerPolytechnicInstituterpm Revolution(s)perminuteRPN RiskprioritynumberRPS RenewableportfoliostandardRPSA Rapicpressureswingadsorption
XIII–21FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
SLMA Sr-andMn-dopedLaAlO3
SLPH Standardliter(s)perhourSLPM Standarsliter(s)perminuteslpm,slm,sL/min Standardliter(s)perminuteSLT Strontium-dopedlanthanumtitanateSMART Specific,measurable,attainable,relevant,
timelySMR Steammethanereformer;Steammethane
reformingSMR-ECM Steammethanereformerwithelectrochemical
purifierSMR-PSA Steammethanereformerwithpressureswing
adsorptionSMT Single-moleculetrapSn TinSNG SubstitutenaturalgasSNL SandiaNationalLaboratoriesSNLL SandiaNationalLaboratoryLivermoreSnO TinoxideSnO2 TinoxideSNR Signal-to-noiseratioSNS SpallationneutronsourceSNTT SpiralnotchtorsiontestSO2 SulfurdioxideSO3 SulfurtrioxideSOC State-of-chargeSOEC Solidoxideelectrolysiscell;Solidoxide
electrolyzercellSOFC SolidoxidefuelcellSOFEC Solidoxidefuel-assistedelectrolysiscellSOM Solid-oxideoxygen-ion-conducting
membraneSORFC SolidoxideregenerativefuelcellSOTA StateoftheartSOW StatementofworkSOx OxidesofsulfursPAES Sulfonatedpoly(aryleneethersulfone)SPE SolidphaseepitaxialSPEEK Sulfonatedpoly(etheretherketone)SPEK Sulfonatedpoly-etherketone-ketoneSPEKK Sulfonatedpolyether(etherketoneketone)SPEX TypeofmillingmachineSPM ScanningprobemicroscopesPOSS Sulfonatedoctaphenylpolyhedraloligomeric
silsesquioxanes
ScSZ Scandia-stabilizedzirconiaSD Standarddeviation;SystemdynamicsSDAPP SulfonatedDiels-AlderpolyphenyleneSDAPPe SulfonatedDiels-AlderpolyphenyleneetherSDC Samarium-dopedceriasDCDPS 3,3′-disulfonate-4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfoneSDE SO2-depolarizedelectrolyzerSDO StandardsdevelopmentorganizationSe SeleniumSE Secondaryelectron;spectroscopic
ellipsometrysec Second(s)SECA SolidStateEnergyConversionAllianceSECM ScanningelectrochemicalmicroscopeSEM Scanningelectronmicroscopy;Scanning
electronmicroscopeSEOS SimpleequationofstateSERA ScenarioEvaluation,Regionalization,and
AnalysisSERC SchatzEnergyResearchCenterSET SurfaceenergytreatmentSF Safetyfactor;Polystyrene-b-PFPOSF6 SulfurhexafluorideSFA SulfonicacidSFC2 SrFeCo0.5Ox
SFM Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-δ
SFT Sr-Fe-TioxideSFTI Sr0.1Fe0.9Ti0.10Ox
SG ShalegasSGD Spontaneousgalvanicdisplacement;System
gravimetricdensitySGIP Self-GenerationIncentiveProgramSh SherwoodSHE StandardhydrogenelectrodeSi SiliconS-I Sulfur-iodineSI Sulfur-iodinecycle;SpectrumimageSi3N4 SiliconnitrideSiC SiliconcarbideSiCN SiliconcarbonitrideSIMS SecondaryionemissionspectroscopySi-NS SilicananospringsSiO2 SilicondioxideSIU SouthernIllinoisUniversitysL Standardliter(0°C,1atm)SLAC StanfordLinearAcceleratorCenter
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
XIII–22DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report
t TimeT1bar Temperatureatwhichequilibriumpressure
ofhydrogenis1barforahydrogenexchangereaction
Ta TantalumTA TerephthalicacidTAG TechnicalAdvisoryGroupTAMU TexasA&MUniversityTaON TantalumoxynitrideTaPO TantalumphosphateTBAB Tetra-n-butylammoniumbromideTBA2B12H12 Tetra-n-butylammonium
dodecahydrododecaborateTBABh Tetra-n-butylammoniumborohydrideTBA-PF6 Tetra-n-butylammoniumhexafluorophosphateTBD TobedeterminedTBMD Tight-bindingmoleculardynamicTC TemplatedcarbonTC ThermocoupleTCCR Transparent,conductingandcorrosion
resistantTCD ThermalconductivitydetectorTCNE TetracyanoethyleneTCO TransparentconductiveoxideTDDFT Time-dependentdensityfunctionaltheoryTDLAS TunablediodelaserabsorptionspectroscopyTDS TransitionaldemandscenarioTe Telluriumte Metrictonortonne(1,000kg)TEA TriethylamineTEA2B12H12 TriethylammoniumdodecahydrododecaborateTEAA TriethylaminealaneadductTEAB TetraethylammoniumborohydrideTEAH TetraethylammoniumhydroxideTEAMS tetraethylammoniummethanesulfonicTED Triethylene-diamineTEDA TriethylenediamineTEM TransmissionelectronmicroscopyTEOA TriethanolamineTEOM TaperedelementoscillatingmicrobalanceTEOS Tetra-ethoxysilanetf ThinfilmTf Trifluormethanesufonate,ortriflateanion
(CF3SO3-)TFA TrifluoromethanesulfonicacidTFAc Trifluoroacetate
S-PPSU SulfonatedpolyphenylsulfoneSPS Sparkplasmasinteringsq.in. Squareinch(es)Sr StrontiumSR Steamreformer;Steamreforming;Salinity
ratio;StoichometricratioSRNL SavannahRiverNationalLaboratorySrO StrontiumoxideSRR Solarreceiver-reactorSrTiO3 StrontiumtitanateSS StainlesssteelSSA SpecificsurfaceareaSSAWG StorageSystemAnalysisWorkingGroupSSC Shortside-chain;Structure,system,and
componentSSM SacrificialsupportmethodSSNMR Solid-statenuclearmagneticresonanceSSRL StanfordSynchrotronRadiationLaboratorySSWAG StorageSystemWorkingAnalysisGroupSTCH SolarthermochemicalhydrogenSTEM ScanningtransmissionelectronmicroscopySTH Solar-to-hydrogenSTM ScanningtunnelingmicroscopySTMBMS Simultaneousthermogravimetricmodulated
beammassspectrometerSTP StandardtemperatureandpressureSTS ScanningtunnelingspectroscopySTTP SharedTechnologyTransferProjectSTTR SmallBusinessTechnologyTransferSu UltimatetensilestrengthSU/SD Start-upandshut-downSUNY-ESF StateUniversityNewYorkEnvironmental
ScienceForestrySV SpacevelocitySVD SystemvolumetricdensitySW SquarewaveSWCNH Single-wallcarbonnanohornSWCNT Single-walledcarbonnanotubeSWNH Single-wallednanohornSWNT Single-wallnanotubeSwRI® SouthwestResearchInstitute®
Sy YieldstrengthSYT Yttrium-dopedstrontiumtitanateT TemperatureT,t Ton,tonneT Tesla(unitofmagneticinduction)
XIII–23FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
TMOS TetramethoxysilaneTMPP TetramethoxyphenylporphyrinsTMPS TrimethoxylphenylsilaneTMPyP TetramethylpyridylporphineTNA TitaniananotubearrayTNT TrinitrotolueneTN-T TiO2nanotubesTOC TotalorganiccontentTOF TurnoverfrequencyToF-SIMS Time-of-flightsecondaryionspectroscopyTPA Tripropylamine;Temperature-programmed
adsorptionTPAH Tetra-n-propylammoniumhydroxideTPB TriplephaseboundaryTPD Tonne(s)perdayTPD Thermallyprogrammeddesorption;
Temperature-programmeddesorptionTPDMS Temperature-programmeddesorptionmass
spectrometryTPO Temperature-programmedoxidationTPP TetraphenylporphyrinTPPS 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)
porphyrinTPR Temperature-programmedreductionTPRD Thermally-activatedpressurereliefdeviceTPS 3-(trihydroxysilyl)-1-propane-sulfonicacidTPV Through-platevoltageTRA TechnologyReadinessAssessmentTRAIN TrainingFinderRealtimeAffiliateNetworkTRL TechnologyreadinesslevelTRO RuO2-TiO2
Trityl Chemicalblockinggroupusedtoprotectamines
tr.oz. TroyounceTSWS Temperature-swingwatersplittingTVS TwinVorticesSeriesTW TriangelwaveUC UniversityofCaliforniaUCB UniversityofCalifornia,BerkeleyUCF UniversityofCentralFloridaUCI UniversityofCalifornia,IrvineUCLA UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngelesUCONN UniversityofConnecticutUCSB UniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbaraUDDS UrbanDynamometerDrivingScheduleUEL Upperexplosivelimit
TFE TetrafluoroethyleneTFMPA TrifluoromethylphosphonicacidTFMSA TrifluoromethanesulfonicacidTF-RDE Thinfilmrotatingdiskelectrodetf-Si Thin-filmsiliconTFSI bis(Trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imideTFVE TrifluorovinyletherTg,Tg GlasstransitiontemperatureTG Thermogravimetric;TheoryGroupTGA Thermalgravimetricanalysis;
Thermogravimetricanalysis;Thermogravimetricanalyzer
TGA-DSC Thermo-gravimetricanalysis-differentialscanningcalorimetry
TGA-MS Thermogravimetricanalysis-massspectrometer
TG-DTA Thermo-gravimetric/differentialthermalanalyzer
THF TetrahydrofuranTi TitaniumTiCl3 TitaniumtrichlorideTiF3 TitaniumtrifluorideTiH2 TitaniumhydrideTi-IRMOF-16 Titanium(Ti)intercalatedIRMOF-16TiO2 Titaniumdioxide(anatase)TIVM ToroidalintersectingvanemachineTKK TanakaKikinzokuKogyoK.K.TLA,Tla Truncatedlight-harvestingchlorophyll
antennatla1 MutantoftheTla1gene(GenBankAssession
No.AF534570)tlaR Mutantofunknowngenewithatruncated
light-harvestingchlorophyllantennatlaX Mutantofunknowngenewithatruncated
light-harvestingchlorophyllantennaTLCP ThermotropicliquidcrystalpolymerTM TetramethylbisphenolATM TransitionmetalTMA Trimethylamine;TrimethylaluminumTMA ThermalmechanicalanalyzerTMAA TrimethylaminealaneadductTMAB TetramethylammoniumborohydrideTMAH TetramethylammoniumhydroxideTMB TrimethylborateTMEDA Tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine;N1,N1,N2,N2-
tetramethylethane-1,2-diamineTMG Tetramethylguanidine
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
XIII–24DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report
UT UniversityofToledo;UniversityofTennesseeUTC,UTCFC UnitedTechnologiesCorporationFuelCellsUTC UniversityofTennessee,ChattanoogaUTCP UTCPowerUTRC UnitedTechnologiesResearchCenterUV UltravioletUV-vis Ultraviolet-visualUW UniversityofWashingtonV VanadiumV VoltVA VinylacetateVAC VoltsalternatingcurrentVACNTs VerticallyalignedcarbonnanotubesVANTA VerticallyalignednanotubearraysVASP ViennaabinitiosimulationpackageVaTech VirginiaPolytechnicInstituteandState
UniversityVB ValencebandVBM Valencebandminimum,Valenceband
maximumVC VanadiumcarbideVC VulcancarbonVDC VoltsdirectcurrentVDF VinylidenefluorideVDOS VibrationaldensityofstatesvdW vanderWaalsvdW-DF vanderWaalsdensityfunctionVFA VolatilefattyacidVFS VehiclefuelingstationV(H2) Volumetrichydrogenadsorptioncapacity;
VolumetrichydrogenstoragecapacityVHSV VolumetrichourlyspacevelocityVHTR Veryhightemperaturegas-coolednuclear
reactorVHTS Virtualhigh-throughputscreeningVI VenterInstituteV-I,V/I Voltage–currentVIM/VAR Vacuuminductionmelting/vacuumarc
remeltingVIR Voltage-current-resistanceVIS Visiblelightat400-700nmVmp MicroporevolumeVMT VehiclemilestraveledVOC Volatileorganiccompound,Voltageopen
circuitVol.,vol. Volume
UFL UpperflammabilitylimitUGA UniversityofGeorgia,AthensUH UniversityofHawaiiUHP Ultra-highpurityUHV Ultra-highvacuumUIUC UniversityofIllinois,Urbana-ChampaignUL UnderwritersLaboratoryULAM Ultra-low-anglemicrotomyULSD Ultra-lowsulfurdieselUM UniversityofMichiganUMC UnsaturatedmetalcentersUMC UltramicroporouscarbonUMCP UniversityofMarylandCollegeParkUMSL UniversityofMissouri,St.LouisUN UnitedNationsUNB UniversityofNewBrunswickUNCC UniversityofNorthCarolinaatCharlotteUNECE UnitedNationsEconomicCommissionfor
EuropeUNLV UniversityofNevada,LasVegasUNLVRF UNLVResearchFoundationUNM UniversityofNewMexicoUNR UniversityofNevada,RenoUPD UnderpotentialdepositionUP-DW Ultra-puredistilledwaterUPE Ultra-highmolecularweightpolyethyleneUPL UpperpotentiallimitUPS UltravioletphotoelectronspectroscopyU.S. UnitedStatesUS06 EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyvehicle
drivingcycleUSA UnitedStatesofAmericaUSANS Ultra-smallangleneutronscatteringUSAXS Ultra-smallangleX-rayscatteringUSB UniversalserialbusUSC UniversityofSouthCarolina;Universityof
SouthernCaliforniaUSCAR UnitedStatesCouncilforAutomotive
Research,U.S.CooperativeAutomotiveResearch
U.S.DRIVE UnitedStatesDrivingResearchandInnovationforVehicleefficiencyandEnergysustainability
USFCC UnitedStatesFuelCellCouncilUSM UniversityofSouthernMississippiUSTAG U.S.TechnicalAdvisoryGroup
XIII–25FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program
XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
WTP WatertransportplateWTPP Well-to-powerplantWTT Well-to-tankWTW Well-to-wheelsw/v WeightbyvolumeWWTP WastewatertreatmentplantX- ananionicligandsuchaschlorideXAFS X-rayabsorptionfinestructureXANES X-rayabsorptionnear-edgespectroscopyXAS X-rayabsorptionspectroscopyXC72 High-surface-areacarbonsupportmadeby
CabotXES X-rayemissionspectroscopyXPS X-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy,X-ray
photonspectroscopy,X-rayphotoemissionspectroscopy,X-rayphotoluminescencespectroscopy
XPS-UPS X-rayphotoelectron-ultravioletphotoelectronspectroscopy
XRD X-raydiffractionXRF X-rayfluorescenceY Yttriumyr,YR YearYSZ Yttria-stablizedzirconiaZ AtomicnumberZEBA ZeroEmissionBayAreaZEV ZeroemissionvehicleZHS ZinchydroxystannateZIF ZeoliticimidazolateframeworkZIO Zirconium-dopedindiumoxideZMOF Zeolite(-type)metal-organicframeworkZn ZincZnO ZincoxideZPE Zeropointenergyzpp ZirconiumphenylphosphonateZr ZirconiumZrO2 ZirconiumdioxideZrSPP ZirconiumphosphatesulfophenylphosphonateZVI Zerovalentiron
vol% VolumepercentVpore TotalporevolumeVT VirginiaTechW TungstenW Watt(s)WAXD Wide-angleX-raydiffractionWAXS WideangleX-rayscatteringWBS WorkbreakdownscheduleWC Tungstencarbon;TungstencarbideW/cm2 Watt(s)persquarecentimeterWDD WaterdisplacementdesorptionWe,We Watt(s)electricWG WorkinggroupWG-12 WorkingGroup12WGS Water-gasshiftWGSMR Water-gasshiftmembranereactorWGSR Water-gasshiftreactorWh Watt-hour(s)W(H2) GravimetrichydrogenstoragecapacityW-h/kg Watt-hour(s)perkilogramW-h/L,Wh/liter,Wh/L
Watt-hour(s)perliterWHSV WeighthourlyspacevelocityWind2H2 WindtohydrogendemonstrationprojectW/kg Watt(s)perkilogramW/L,W/l Watt(s)perliterW/m-K,W/m.K,W/mK
Watt(s)permeter-Kelvin(unitofthermalconductivity)
WMO WorldMeteorologicalOrganizationWO3 TungstentrioxideWOx TungstenoxideWP.29 WorkingParty29-WorldForumfor
HarmonizationofVehicleRegulationsWppm Weightpart(s)permillionWSTF WhiteSandsTestFacilitywt WeightWt Watt(s)thermalwt%,wt.% Weightpercent(percentbyweight)WTP Welltopump