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Xenon and

HypothermiaJohn Dingley

Reader in AnaestheticsSwansea Medical School UK

Discovered 1898 Sir William Ramsay and Morris William Travers.

Found in residue from evaporating liquid air.

Name xenon is from Greek ξένον [xenon] meaning 'foreign(er)', 'strange(r)', or 'guest‘One part in 20 million in the earth’s atmosphere

C Petzelt et al. Life Sciences 72 (2003) 1909-1918

time (min)30 9060 120

1500

1000

500

glu

mta

mat

e (n

M)

controlXe 100%Xe-N2 50%-50%N2 100%

Comparison of glutamate release from cortical neurons in culture

Release of LDH after a 2-hour incubation of cortical neurons (n=5; **P<0.01 with respect to untreated control)

100

75

50

25

0

LDH

(m

U/m

l)

control Xe 100%

N2 100%

Xe-N2 50%-50%

**

**

Cortical neurons in culture survive for 2 hours in

100% xenon atmosphere (i.e. no O2)

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Aim 1 : Improve neuroprotection

add “substance” to Hypothermia

safe

effective

brain and other organs

Very little xenon in the world 1/20million ~ 4 ml in an ordinary room

Very expensive $30/liter gas

50% xenon ventilation, 3liter/min 180l/hour

Cost of 1 hr treatment without recirculation system $5400/hour

Aim 2 : Develop rebreather system for Xenon

Rebreather systems

Neonatal design concept

Dr John Dingley delivering the Xenon treatment

to Riley who is being cooled after perinatal asphyxia