Writing I
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Transcript of Writing I
Writing IWriting I
Basics, Nouns and ArticlesBasics, Nouns and Articles
essaysessays↓↙ ↘↓↙ ↘
paragraphsparagraphs↓↙ ↘↓↙ ↘
sentencessentences↓↙ ↘↓↙ ↘
phrasesphrases↓↙ ↘↓↙ ↘
wordswords
Parts of SpeechParts of Speech
NounsNouns PronounsPronouns VerbsVerbs AdjectivesAdjectives AdverbsAdverbs PrepositionsPrepositions ConjunctionsConjunctions ArticlesArticles InjectionsInjections
Basic Elements of a SentenceBasic Elements of a Sentence
SubjectSubject VerbVerb Examples:Examples:
You sing.You sing. I dance.I dance.
What can be a subject?What can be a subject?
Nouns Nouns 名詞名詞 Noun phrases Noun phrases 名詞片語名詞片語 Noun clauses Noun clauses 名詞子句名詞子句 Infinitive phrases Infinitive phrases 不定詞片語不定詞片語 Gerunds Gerunds 動名詞動名詞
What is a clause?What is a clause?
A smaller sentence inside A smaller sentence inside another sentenceanother sentence
Example:Example: I know I know he is happyhe is happy..
↓ ↓
a clausea clause
↓ ↓
a noun clausea noun clause
Types of NounsTypes of Nouns Count NounsCount Nouns Singular count nouns always come wSingular count nouns always come w
ith an article.ith an article. Plural count nouns always come with Plural count nouns always come with
an “s” or “es” at the end.an “s” or “es” at the end. Noncount NounsNoncount Nouns Noncount Nouns are always singular.Noncount Nouns are always singular. No indefinite articles come with noncNo indefinite articles come with nonc
ount nouns.ount nouns.
Exercise on Page 107
Noncount NounsNoncount Nouns
Refer to a “whole”Refer to a “whole” furniturefurniture AbstractionsAbstractions luckluck Phenomena of NaturePhenomena of Nature sunshinesunshine Some nouns can be either count or nSome nouns can be either count or n
oncount nouns, but they differ in meaoncount nouns, but they differ in meanings.nings.
hair; lighthair; light
Unit ExpressionsUnit Expressions
a spoonful of sugara spoonful of sugar a glass of milka glass of milk a cup of coffeea cup of coffee a piece of papera piece of paper a piece of jewelrya piece of jewelry a bag of floura bag of flour a bar of soapa bar of soap a pound of meata pound of meat a head of lettucea head of lettuce
Some Common Noncount NoSome Common Noncount Nounsuns Whole groupWhole group FluidFluid SolidsSolids GasesGases ParticlesParticles AbstractionsAbstractions LanguagesLanguages Fields of studyFields of study RecreationRecreation ActivitiesActivities Natural PhenomenaNatural Phenomena
Exercises on Pages 109-111
See Page 108
Don’t forget articles!Don’t forget articles!
Definite article: “The”Definite article: “The”
--used before definite nouns--used before definite nouns
Indefinite articles: “A”, “an”Indefinite articles: “A”, “an”
--used before singular indefinite coun--used before singular indefinite count nounst nouns
--use “an” if the following word starts --use “an” if the following word starts with a vowel; otherwise, use “a”with a vowel; otherwise, use “a”
Exercises on Pages 113-118
Irregular Plural NounsIrregular Plural Nouns
Chart 7-1 on page 100Chart 7-1 on page 100
Exercises on Pages 101-102
Using Nouns as ModifiersUsing Nouns as Modifiers
When a noun is used as a When a noun is used as a modifier, it is in its singular form.modifier, it is in its singular form.
vegetable soupvegetable soup When a noun used as a modifier When a noun used as a modifier
is combined with a number is combined with a number expression, the noun is singular expression, the noun is singular and a hyphen (-) is used.and a hyphen (-) is used.
a five-year-old boya five-year-old boy
Expressions of QuantityExpressions of Quantity
one, each, everyone, each, every two…, both, a couple of, a fewtwo…, both, a couple of, a few several, many, a number ofseveral, many, a number of (used with count nouns)(used with count nouns) a little, much, a great deal ofa little, much, a great deal of (used with noncount nouns)(used with noncount nouns) no, some/any, a lot of/lots ofno, some/any, a lot of/lots of plenty of, most, all plenty of, most, all (used with both count and noncount (used with both count and noncount
nouns)nouns)
Exercises on Pages 120-124