World Bank 世界银行 Ministry of Construction PRC 中国建设部

World Bank World Bank 世界银行世界银行 Ministry of Construction PRC Ministry of Construction PRC 中国建设部中国建设部

Component B Component B 部分部分Wastewater Utility Performance StudyWastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究污水行业投资与运行研究

Wastewater Study TeamWastewater Study Team污水项目组污水项目组2005/06/212005/06/21

North China Water Quality Study ProgramNorth China Water Quality Study Program中国北方城市水管理研究项目中国北方城市水管理研究项目

Wastewater Utility Performance StudyWastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究污水行业投资与运行研究 Objectives Objectives 目标目标 - - Improving Investment & Operation EfficienciesImproving Investment & Operation Efficiencies 提高投资和运行效率提高投资和运行效率 Approach Approach 研究方法研究方法 - - General Investment Survey and ForecastingGeneral Investment Survey and Forecasting 总体投资分析和预测总体投资分析和预测 - - Identify Key Issues and ConstraintsIdentify Key Issues and Constraints 确认关键问题与制约因素确认关键问题与制约因素 - - Initiate Benchmarking System for WW UtilitiesInitiate Benchmarking System for WW Utilities 建立污水行业绩效评估系统建立污水行业绩效评估系统 Outputs Outputs 研究成果研究成果 - - Recommend Practical Options for ImprovementRecommend Practical Options for Improvement 推荐实际可行的方案以提高投资和运行效率推荐实际可行的方案以提高投资和运行效率

Wastewater Utility Performance StudyWastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究污水行业投资与运行研究 Study Geographic Area Study Geographic Area 研究区域研究区域 - - Northern China cities in 14 provinces / Northern China cities in 14 provinces / municipalities above Yangtze Rivermunicipalities above Yangtze River 长江以北中国北方长江以北中国北方 1414 个省个省 // 市市 Study Tasks Study Tasks 研究任务研究任务 - - Investment Survey and ForecastingInvestment Survey and Forecasting 投资调研与预测投资调研与预测 - - Case StudiesCase Studies 案例分析案例分析 - - Initiate Benchmarking SystemInitiate Benchmarking System 建立绩效评估系统建立绩效评估系统

Investment Survey & Investment Survey &

Forecasting Forecasting

投资分析与预测投资分析与预测中国人民大学环境学院

School of Environment and Natural ResourcesRenmin University of China

马中 Ma Zhong

June 21， 2005

Investment Survey & Forecasting Investment Survey & Forecasting 投资分析与预测投资分析与预测 Data Sources Data Sources 资料来源：资料来源：

China Urban Construction Statistics China Urban Construction Statistics YearbookYearbook 《《中国城市建设统计年报中国城市建设统计年报》》

Indexes Indexes 投资指标：投资指标： Sewerage Fixed-asset Investment Sewerage Fixed-asset Investment 排水固定资产排水固定资产投资投资 Concentrated Sewage Treatment Rate Concentrated Sewage Treatment Rate 污水集中污水集中处理率处理率

Total Investment Total Investment 投资总量：投资总量： 19981998－－20032003

Sewerage fixed-asset Investment in 14 Provinces: 49.05 Sewerage fixed-asset Investment in 14 Provinces: 49.05 Billion RMBBillion RMB

北方十四省排水固定资产投资总额北方十四省排水固定资产投资总额 : : 490.5490.5 亿元亿元1999-2003北方十四省历年排水固定资产投资（亿元）

58. 256982. 5945

101. 1702117. 0846

131. 3991

020406080

100120140

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

2003年 14 省平均污水集中处理率： 29.71% Average Concentrated Sewage Treatment

Rate 2003 in 14 Provinces: 29.71%

1414 省污水处理投资与人均省污水处理投资与人均 GDP: 2003GDP: 2003Investment vs GDP per capita: 2003Investment vs GDP per capita: 2003

污水处理投资和流域地理位置污水处理投资和流域地理位置Investment vs Location of RiverbasinInvestment vs Location of Riverbasin

黄河流域五省排水固定资产投资（亿元）

01020304050607080

内蒙古陕西山西河南山东

投资研究发现投资研究发现Main FindingsMain Findings

投资总量稳步增长投资总量稳步增长 Steady Growth of Steady Growth of InvestmentInvestment

处理率不断提高处理率不断提高 Increased Treatment Increased Treatment raterate

有些城市超计划完成任务有些城市超计划完成任务 Some cities Some cities over comply with the targetover comply with the target

投资研究发现投资研究发现Main FindingsMain Findings

地区、城市间差异很大地区、城市间差异很大 Big Gaps between CitiesBig Gaps between Cities 投资相对集中在经济发达地区、大城市和流域下游投资相对集中在经济发达地区、大城市和流域下游

Capitals concentrate in developed regions, Capitals concentrate in developed regions, large cities and down streamslarge cities and down streams

城市污水处理投资任重道远城市污水处理投资任重道远 Huge demands for Huge demands for the futurethe future

20102010 年投资预测年投资预测Investment Forecasting: Investment Forecasting:

20102010新增污水处理能力新增污水处理能力 : : 亿元亿元New Treatment CapacityNew Treatment Capacity ：： 100 M RMB 100 M RMB

目标实现程度低中高污水集中处理率

（%） 55 60 65

污水处理厂建设投资额（亿元） 173.699 226.599 279.5

20102010 年新增污水管网投资年新增污水管网投资 : : 亿元亿元New Sewers upto 2010New Sewers upto 2010 ：： 100 M 100 M

RMBRMB

目标达到程度低中高

污水集中处理率（%） 55 60 65

污水管网投资额 139.89 139.89 178.02178.02 216.27 216.27

2004-20102004-2010 年污泥投资预测年污泥投资预测Sludge TreatmentSludge Treatment

年份污泥处理投资（亿元）2004 79.392005 81.692006 83.992007 86.292008 88.592009 90.892010 93.19总计 604.04

建议建议RecommendationsRecommendations

基于各地十五的实际水平和十一五目标规划投基于各地十五的实际水平和十一五目标规划投资：如黑龙江和北京资：如黑龙江和北京 Planning Planning investments based on both the local investments based on both the local reality in 2005 and targets in 2010reality in 2005 and targets in 2010

根据商业资金、财政资金和国际资金的不同功根据商业资金、财政资金和国际资金的不同功能和性质规划投资能和性质规划投资 Planning investment Planning investment in accordance with various roles & in accordance with various roles & purposes of commercial, international purposes of commercial, international and financial capitalsand financial capitals


以同时提高运行能力和处理能力为目标以同时提高运行能力和处理能力为目标规划投资规划投资 Planning investments to Planning investments to promote both operational & promote both operational & treatment capacitiestreatment capacities

结合价格、税收、财政政策改革规划投结合价格、税收、财政政策改革规划投资资 Planning investment in Planning investment in association with ongoing pricing, association with ongoing pricing, taxation and fiscal policy reformtaxation and fiscal policy reform


国家的城市污水处理投资规划应充分考虑国家的城市污水处理投资规划应充分考虑各地经济发展水平、城市规模和流域上各地经济发展水平、城市规模和流域上下游差异下游差异 More attention on the More attention on the

differences in economic differences in economic development, city’s size and development, city’s size and locations of riverbasinlocations of riverbasin


城市污水处理投资规划应当与流域综合治理规划、城市污水处理投资规划应当与流域综合治理规划、污染控制规划相结合，特别注意同流域城市的投资污染控制规划相结合，特别注意同流域城市的投资和建设进度的同步，尤其是上下游城市污水处理设和建设进度的同步，尤其是上下游城市污水处理设施投资和建设的协调施投资和建设的协调 Integration in Integration in riverbasin planning and coordination riverbasin planning and coordination with cities in same riverbasinwith cities in same riverbasin

十一五投资规划应当立足当地，照顾邻居，统筹流十一五投资规划应当立足当地，照顾邻居，统筹流域，改善全国域，改善全国 Local base, neighbor care, Local base, neighbor care, watershed planning, country targetwatershed planning, country target

北方主要河流水质情况：Ⅳ类及以下水质Water Quality in Main North Rivers： IV and Worse

黄河 Yellow River ： 2000 年： 28.6% 2003 年： 69.2% ，其中劣Ⅴ类水增加了 13.6%

淮河 Huai River ： 1998 年： 72% 2003 年： 81.4%

海河 Hai River ： 1999 年： 58.5%,Ⅴ 类及劣Ⅴ类水一共为 49.7% 2003 年：Ⅵ类及以下水质上升到了 78.5% ，仅劣Ⅴ类水就占到 53.9% 。

注：数据来源：《中国环境状况公报》， 1999-2004 年。

污水处理投资与城市规模污水处理投资与城市规模Investment vs Cities’ SizeInvestment vs Cities’ Size

城市类别超大城市特大城市大城市中等城市小城市

污水集中处理率（ % ） 42.62 41.77 19.36 18.07 15.66

Wastewater Utility Performance StudyWastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究污水行业投资与运行研究Case StudyCase Study 案例分析案例分析 (1/12) (1/12)

Objectives Objectives 目标目标- To identify the key issues and constraints inhibiting investment and To identify the key issues and constraints inhibiting investment and

operation efficiencies through detailed case studiesoperation efficiencies through detailed case studies 通过详细的案例分析识别制约投资和运行效率的关键问题和限制因素通过详细的案例分析识别制约投资和运行效率的关键问题和限制因素 Case Study Cities Case Study Cities 案例分析城市案例分析城市 9 9 cities with 11 WWTPs selected at different locations and populations in cities with 11 WWTPs selected at different locations and populations in

Hai & Huai River BasinsHai & Huai River Basins 淮河流域和海河流域不同地区和人口规模的淮河流域和海河流域不同地区和人口规模的 9 9 个城市的个城市的 1111 个污水处理厂个污水处理厂 Tianjin (Tianjin ( 天津天津 ), ), Shijiazhuang (Shijiazhuang ( 石家庄石家庄 ) (> 2 ) (> 2 million million 百万百万 )) Handan (Handan ( 邯郸邯郸 ), ), Huainan (Huainan ( 淮南淮南 ), ), Tangshan (Tangshan ( 唐山唐山 ) (1 – 2 ) (1 – 2 million million 百万百万 )) Bengbu (Bengbu ( 蚌埠蚌埠 ), ), Fuyang (Fuyang ( 阜阳阜阳 ) (0.5-1.0 ) (0.5-1.0 million million 百万百万 ) ) Luan (Luan ( 六安六安 ) (0.2 – 0.5 ) (0.2 – 0.5 millionmillion 百万百万 )) Guoyang (Guoyang ( 涡阳涡阳 ) (<0.2 ) (<0.2 million)million)

Wastewater Utility Performance StudyWastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究污水行业投资与运行研究Case StudyCase Study 案例分析案例分析 (2/12) (2/12)

Case Studies in 2001 Case Studies in 2001 20012001 年研究案例分析年研究案例分析- 9 9 cities with 16 WWTPs selected countrywide cities with 16 WWTPs selected countrywide 在全国范围内调研了在全国范围内调研了 99 个城市的个城市的 1616 个污水处理厂个污水处理厂

Wastewater Utility Performance StudyWastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究污水行业投资与运行研究Case Study Case Study 案例分析案例分析 (3/12)(3/12) 1111WWTPs visited in 2005 WWTPs visited in 2005 20052005 年调研的年调研的 1111 个污水处理厂个污水处理厂- 8 8 OXD 100 to 150 kcu m/dOXD 100 to 150 kcu m/d- 2 AS 160-260 kcu m/d 2 AS 160-260 kcu m/d - 1 CASS 100 kcu m/day1 CASS 100 kcu m/day

16 WWTPs visited in 200116 WWTPs visited in 2001 20012001 年研究案例分析年研究案例分析- 3 3 OXD 100 to 150kcu m/dOXD 100 to 150kcu m/d- 4 A/O 100 to 200 kcu m/d4 A/O 100 to 200 kcu m/d- 2 A2/O 100 to 300 kcu m/d2 A2/O 100 to 300 kcu m/d- 1 A/B 80 kcu m/d1 A/B 80 kcu m/d- 1 SBR 150 kcu m/d1 SBR 150 kcu m/d- 1 BIO 120 kcu m/d1 BIO 120 kcu m/d

- 8 8 个氧化沟工艺个氧化沟工艺 1010 万万 - 15- 15 万万 mm33//天天- 2 2 个活性污泥法个活性污泥法 1616 万万 -26-26 万万 mm33// 天天- 1 1 个个 CASSCASS 工艺工艺 1010 万万 mm33// 天天

- 3 3 个氧化沟工艺个氧化沟工艺 1010 万万 - 15- 15 万万 mm33//天天- 4 4 个个 A/OA/O 工艺工艺 1010 万万 - 20- 20 万万 mm33// 天天- 2 2 个个 A2/OA2/O 工艺工艺 1010 万万 - 30- 30 万万 mm33// 天天- 1 1 个个 A/BA/B 工艺工艺 88 万万 mm33// 天天- 1 1 个个 SBRSBR 工艺工艺 1515 万万 mm33// 天天- 1 1 个个 BIOBIO 工艺工艺 1212 万万 mm33// 天天

Wastewater Utility Performance StudyWastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究污水行业投资与运行研究Case Study Case Study 案例分析案例分析 (4/12) (4/12) Methodology of Case Study Methodology of Case Study 研究方法研究方法- Questionnaires distributed and collectedQuestionnaires distributed and collected 分发调查问询表分发调查问询表- Interviews and site visits conductedInterviews and site visits conducted 现场调研现场调研- Performance Indicators (PI) used for assessment of Performance Indicators (PI) used for assessment of

WWTP and WWC performanceWWTP and WWC performance 应用绩效指标分析污水公司和污水处理厂的运行应用绩效指标分析污水公司和污水处理厂的运行

Wastewater Utility Performance StudyWastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究污水行业投资与运行研究Case Study Case Study 案例分析案例分析 (5/12) (5/12)

Findings Findings 调查结果调查结果- Nutrient removal problematic at 5 of 23 WWTPs, 3 WWTPs in Nutrient removal problematic at 5 of 23 WWTPs, 3 WWTPs in

non-compliance for class II discharge standardsnon-compliance for class II discharge standards 2323 个污水处理厂之中有个污水处理厂之中有 55 个氮磷去除尚未达标，个氮磷去除尚未达标， 33 个污水处理厂尚未个污水处理厂尚未达到国家二级排放标准达到国家二级排放标准- Average hydraulic loading for 23 WWTPs at 70% of design Average hydraulic loading for 23 WWTPs at 70% of design

capacity – nonworking capital USD100-200m capacity – nonworking capital USD100-200m 2323 个污水处理厂的水力负荷约为设计能力的个污水处理厂的水力负荷约为设计能力的 70%-70%- 闲置固定资产约为闲置固定资产约为

1-21-2 亿美元亿美元- Nearly all sludge dewatered and sent to landfillNearly all sludge dewatered and sent to landfill 污泥处置工艺基本采用脱水后填埋处理污泥处置工艺基本采用脱水后填埋处理

Wastewater Utility Performance StudyWastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究污水行业投资与运行研究Case Study Case Study 案例分析案例分析 (6/12) (6/12) Findings (continued) Findings (continued) 调查结果（续）调查结果（续）- 30% 30% or 7 of 23 WWTPs receiving low strength influent or 7 of 23 WWTPs receiving low strength influent

with BOD<80mg/l as low as 30mg/lwith BOD<80mg/l as low as 30mg/l 30% 30% 或或 2323 个污水处理厂中的个污水处理厂中的 77 个进水水质浓度低于设计标个进水水质浓度低于设计标准，准， BOD<80mg/lBOD<80mg/l ，，最低仅有最低仅有 3030mg/lmg/l

- If to achieve 60% WWT rate, 400-600MCNY for WWTPs If to achieve 60% WWT rate, 400-600MCNY for WWTPs of 9 cities and 600-900MCNY for infrastructureof 9 cities and 600-900MCNY for infrastructure 如果要达到城市污水处理率如果要达到城市污水处理率 60%60% 的目标，的目标， 99 个城市污水处个城市污水处理厂建设投资需要理厂建设投资需要 4-6 4-6 亿元人民币，管网和其他基础配套设亿元人民币，管网和其他基础配套设施建设投资需要施建设投资需要 6-9 6-9 亿元人民币。亿元人民币。


Findings (continued) Findings (continued) 调查结果（续）调查结果（续）- If to achieve 80% WWT rate, 1.0-1.6GCNY and 1.4-2.3 GCNY, If to achieve 80% WWT rate, 1.0-1.6GCNY and 1.4-2.3 GCNY,

respectivelyrespectively 如果要达到城市污水处理率如果要达到城市污水处理率 80%80% 的目标，则分别需要的目标，则分别需要 1010-16-16 亿元人民币亿元人民币和和 114-23 4-23 亿元人民币。亿元人民币。- Operating charges 4 times the costs in Romania and Slovenia, 22 Operating charges 4 times the costs in Romania and Slovenia, 22

times the costs of developed countries (based on GDP, PPP) times the costs of developed countries (based on GDP, PPP) 考虑考虑 GDPGDP和和 PPPPPP 因素后的运行费用占国民收入比值是罗马尼亚和斯洛因素后的运行费用占国民收入比值是罗马尼亚和斯洛文尼亚的文尼亚的 44 倍，是其他发达国家的倍，是其他发达国家的 2222 倍。倍。


Findings (continued) Findings (continued) 调查结果（续）调查结果（续） - Poor conditions and unsafety of aged sewersPoor conditions and unsafety of aged sewers 老龄化的污水管网运行状况和安全性较差老龄化的污水管网运行状况和安全性较差- Response style maintenance for sewer systemResponse style maintenance for sewer system 污水管网的维护处于应急处理方式污水管网的维护处于应急处理方式- Insufficient funds, manpower, equipment, etc for sewer Insufficient funds, manpower, equipment, etc for sewer

maintenancemaintenance 污水管网维护资金、人员、设备均不足污水管网维护资金、人员、设备均不足- Non anti-corrosion design of sewers in some citiesNon anti-corrosion design of sewers in some cities 一些城市污水管道尚未采用抗腐蚀设计一些城市污水管道尚未采用抗腐蚀设计

Wastewater Utility Performance StudyWastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究污水行业投资与运行研究Case Study Case Study 案例分析案例分析 (9/12)(9/12)

(Wastewater unit operation costs (USD)*1000)/GDPSweden, etc.=1

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

UK

Sydney, Australia

Sw eden, Norw ay, Denmark, Finland

Slovakia

Romania

Bengbu, China

Handan, China

Tangshan, China

Huainan, China

Lu'an, China

Shijiazhuang, China

Cou

ntrie

s

Wastewater Utility Performance StudyWastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究污水行业投资与运行研究Case Study Case Study 案例分析案例分析 (11/12)(11/12)

Technical Options Technical Options 技术方案技术方案- Investigate methods for better design hydraulic flow and influent Investigate methods for better design hydraulic flow and influent

strengthstrength 研究确定水力负荷及设计浓度更为实际有效的方法研究确定水力负荷及设计浓度更为实际有效的方法- Review and develop better design of brush aerators and blowersReview and develop better design of brush aerators and blowers 研究转刷曝气和鼓风机曝气设计最佳设计方法研究转刷曝气和鼓风机曝气设计最佳设计方法- Investigate causes of nutrient non-compliance and recommend Investigate causes of nutrient non-compliance and recommend

remediation measuresremediation measures 研究造成氮磷去除困难的因素并提出可行的解决方案研究造成氮磷去除困难的因素并提出可行的解决方案- Investigate methods for reducing operational costsInvestigate methods for reducing operational costs 研究低运行成本的方法研究低运行成本的方法

Wastewater Utility Performance StudyWastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究污水行业投资与运行研究 Technical Options (continued) Technical Options (continued) 技术方案技术方案 (( 续续 ))

- Identify treatment processes with lower capital and operating Identify treatment processes with lower capital and operating costs and sludge productioncosts and sludge production 研究投资成本低，运行费用低廉，污泥产量低的污水处理工艺研究投资成本低，运行费用低廉，污泥产量低的污水处理工艺

- Recommend treated effluent standards for both strong and weak Recommend treated effluent standards for both strong and weak raw WWraw WW 推荐针对高浓度和低浓度污水处理的排放标准推荐针对高浓度和低浓度污水处理的排放标准

- Study decentralized WWTPStudy decentralized WWTP 研究分散处理的污水处理厂的可行性研究分散处理的污水处理厂的可行性- Develop procedures for sewerage planning and design Develop procedures for sewerage planning and design 完善污水系统规划和设计的标准程序完善污水系统规划和设计的标准程序

Case Study Case Study 案例分析案例分析 (12/12)(12/12)

Wastewater Utility Performance StudyWastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究污水行业投资与运行研究 Benchmarking Definition Benchmarking Definition 绩效评估的定义绩效评估的定义- A process of comparing performance indicators from different A process of comparing performance indicators from different

utilitiesutilities 对各污水公司的绩效指标进行比较分析对各污水公司的绩效指标进行比较分析 Benchmarking Purposes Benchmarking Purposes 绩效评估的目的绩效评估的目的- Identify the areas for improvementIdentify the areas for improvement 识别需要改进的领域识别需要改进的领域- Government to monitor and adjust policiesGovernment to monitor and adjust policies 政府监督及调整相应政策政府监督及调整相应政策- Regulators to ensure cost effectiveRegulators to ensure cost effective 监管机构确保资金合理监管机构确保资金合理- Operational transparencyOperational transparency 运行透明运行透明- Valuable information to private investors Valuable information to private investors 为民营企业提供有价值信息为民营企业提供有价值信息

Benchmarking System Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统绩效评估系统 (1/14)(1/14)

Wastewater Utility Performance StudyWastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究污水行业投资与运行研究Benchmarking System Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统绩效评估系统 (2/14)(2/14)

Selection of Performance Indicators (PI)Selection of Performance Indicators (PI) 绩效评估指标绩效评估指标 ((PI)PI) 的选择的选择- PI must be standardizedPI must be standardized必须标准化必须标准化- PI must be quantitative, measurable, and quality controlled PI must be quantitative, measurable, and quality controlled 必须量化，可测，并有质量控制必须量化，可测，并有质量控制 - PI values must be available at least for 50% of facilitiesPI values must be available at least for 50% of facilities必须在至少必须在至少 50%50% 的运行企业可以获得的运行企业可以获得- PI values should be at least 2 standard deviations > or < averagePI values should be at least 2 standard deviations > or < average超过平均值超过平均值 22倍的标准偏差较好倍的标准偏差较好

Wastewater Utility Performance StudyWastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究污水行业投资与运行研究Benchmarking System Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统绩效评估系统 (3/14)(3/14)

Performance IndicatorPerformance Indicator绩效指标绩效指标 City/WWCCity/WWC

城市城市 // 污水公司污水公司 WWTPWWTP污水处理厂污水处理厂

Environmental PI Environmental PI 环境指标环境指标Personnel PI Personnel PI 人员指标人员指标Physical PI Physical PI 物理指标物理指标Operational PI Operational PI 运行指标运行指标Quality of Service PI Quality of Service PI 服务质量指标服务质量指标Financial PI Financial PI 财务指标财务指标Total Total 总计总计

4 4 6 6 11

14145599

3939

555566

1616

Wastewater Utility Performance StudyWastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究污水行业投资与运行研究Benchmarking System Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统绩效评估系统 (4/14)(4/14) Key PI ComparisonsKey PI Comparisons 主要绩效指标比较主要绩效指标比较

PI 11.6 - WW Operating CostsPI 11.6 - WW Operating Costs PI 11.6 – PI 11.6 – 单位营业费用单位营业费用

11.6 WW Operational Costs

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

Bengbu

Guoy ang

Huainan

Shijiazhuang

Tianjin

Citi

es

Cost CNY/cu m/d


PI 12.6 Staff WW Pop Served PI 12.6 Staff WW Pop Served

PI 12.6 PI 12.6 工作人员工作人员 // 排水服务人口排水服务人口 12.6 Staff WW Pop Served

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6

Bengbu

Fuyang

Guoyang

Handan

Huainan

Lu'an

Shijiazhuang

Tangshan

Tianjin

Citie

s

#/'000


PI wPh3 Treatment Utilization (%/year)PI wPh3 Treatment Utilization (%/year) PI wPh3 PI wPh3 二级污水处理厂利用率二级污水处理厂利用率 (%/(%/ 年年 ))

w Ph3 Treatment Utilization

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Bengbu

Fuyang

Guoyang

Handan

Huainan

Lu'an

Shijiazhuang

Tangshan

Citie

s


PI wEn6 Sludge Production (KgDS/1000 p e)PI wEn6 Sludge Production (KgDS/1000 p e) PI wEn6 PI wEn6 人均污泥产量人均污泥产量 ((KgKg 干重干重 /1000 /1000 p.e)p.e)

w En6 Sludge Production

0 50000 100000 150000 200000

1

5

9

13

17

21

WW

TP

Sludge (KgDS/1000 p.e.)


PI wOp44 WW Quality Tests (#/month) PI wOp44 WW Quality Tests (#/month) PI wOp44 PI wOp44 水质检测频率水质检测频率 (#/(#/ 月月 ))

w Op44 WW Quality Tests

0 50 100 150 200

1

5

9

13

17

21

WW

TP

WW Quality Tests(#/month)


PI 24.1 Working RatioPI 24.1 Working RatioPI 24.1 PI 24.1 运营资金比率运营资金比率

24.1 Working Ratio

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

Bengbu

Guoyang

Huainan

Shijiazhuang

Tianjin

Citie

s

Wastewater Utility Performance StudyWastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究污水行业投资与运行研究Benchmarking System Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统绩效评估系统 (10/14)(10/14) Key PI International ComparisonsKey PI International Comparisons 绩效指标国际比较绩效指标国际比较

PI 2.1 Sewage Coverage PI 2.1 Sewage Coverage PI 2.1 PI 2.1 排水普及率排水普及率

2.1 Sew age Coverage

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

China Av er

China High

China Low

Australia

Poland

Tunisia

United Kingdom

United States

Cou

ntrie

s


PI 17.1 Wastewater TreatmentPI 17.1 Wastewater Treatment PI 17.1 PI 17.1 污水处理污水处理

17.1 Wastew ater Treatment

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

China Av er

China High

China Low

Australia

Poland

Tunisia

United Kingdom

United States

Cou

ntrie

s


PI 24.1 Working RatioPI 24.1 Working Ratio PI 24.1 PI 24.1 运营资金比率运营资金比率

24.1 Working Ratio

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3

China Av er

China High

China Low

Australia

Poland

Tunisia

United Kingdom

United States

Coun

trie

s

#

Wastewater Utility Performance StudyWastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究污水行业投资与运行研究Benchmarking System Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统绩效评估系统 (13/14)(13/14) Guideline of Benchmarking ApplicationGuideline of Benchmarking Application

绩效评估系统应用指南绩效评估系统应用指南- A program with detailed User’s Manual A program with detailed User’s Manual

developed developed 开发了计算程序，并有详细的用户手册开发了计算程序，并有详细的用户手册

- User friendlyUser friendly使用方便使用方便

- Automatic produce of PI resultsAutomatic produce of PI results自动产生绩效指标结果自动产生绩效指标结果

Wastewater Utility Performance StudyWastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究污水行业投资与运行研究Benchmarking System Benchmarking System 绩效系统绩效系统 (14/14)(14/14) Successful Benchmarking ApplicationSuccessful Benchmarking Application

绩效系统的成功应用绩效系统的成功应用- Benchmarking Committee consisting of representatives of Benchmarking Committee consisting of representatives of

WWCs or WWTPs to select PIs and set up proceduresWWCs or WWTPs to select PIs and set up procedures由污水公司或污水处理厂派出代表成立绩效评估委员会确定绩效指标及由污水公司或污水处理厂派出代表成立绩效评估委员会确定绩效指标及工作程序工作程序

- Independent organization to compile PIs, reporting, and quality Independent organization to compile PIs, reporting, and quality controlcontrol独立第三方负责收集、分析绩效指标、报告准备及质量控制独立第三方负责收集、分析绩效指标、报告准备及质量控制

- Develop and update PI systemDevelop and update PI system开发并更新绩效指标评估系统开发并更新绩效指标评估系统

- Review of PI results by Benchmarking Committee and guiding Review of PI results by Benchmarking Committee and guiding operationsoperations绩效评估委员会审查绩效指标评估，指导运营管理绩效评估委员会审查绩效指标评估，指导运营管理

Wastewater Utility Performance StudyWastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究污水行业投资与运行研究

Thanks!Thanks!谢谢谢谢 !!

World Bank 世界银行 Ministry of Construction PRC 中国建设部

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