Woodfuel supply and demand, and carbon credit to avoid...

Woodfuel supply and demand, and

carbon credit to avoid deforestation in

Phnom Chumriey area, Kampong Chhnang

province, Cambodia

Royal University of Phnom Penh

សសសសសសសសសសសសស

សសសសសសសសសសសសសស

By: Ngov Veng CHHENG

Research student

Department of Environmental Science

Outline

1. Introduction

2. Methodology

3. Result and discussion

4. Conclusion

5. Acknowledgements

2

Introduction

1. Greenhouse gas (GHGs) effect

2. Source of GHG emissions in the globe and Cambodia

3. Woodfuel consumption status in developing countries and

Cambodia

4. Actions to reduce CO2

5. Problem statement and Objective




1. Introduction

4

Source of GHG emissions

Forestry is 2nd GHG emitter in the globe. LUCF is main GHG emitter in Cambodia.

5

Important of forestry to climate

“Climate change cannot be won without the world’s

forests….”

—Ban Ki-moon, 2008

“Forestry can make a very significant contribution to a

low-cost global mitigation…”

—IPCC, 2007

“Given the scale of emissions from deforestation, any

climate change deal that does not fully integrate

forestry will fail to meet the necessary targets.”

— Nicholas Stern, 20086

Woodfuel consumption in Developing

countries

2.6 billion

2.7 billion

(2015)

(2030) 7

Woodfuel consumption in Cambodia

Woodfuel remain a vital energy for Cambodians, especially rural people. Sustainability

of woodfuel has not known yet (Top et al., 2006) while 50% of woodfuel they consumed

is harvested from natural forest (CCCO, 2006, 2003, & 2001). 8

Actions to reduce CO2

1992• UNFCCC was set up

1997• Kyoto protocol was adopted and CDM also

included

2007

• COP 13 Bali Road map strongly agree REDD proposal for post 2012 climate mechanism

• COP 15 Copenhagen (Dec,2009) , REDD expect to be adopted.

9

Problem statement

50 % of woodfuel

is harvested from

natural forest

If sustainable Fine, go!

Need to

Assess

sustainability

But, if

UNSUSTAINABLE

1. Woodfuel

shortage

2. Deforestation

3. GHG

emissions

Use WISDOM to

assess

10

Research Objectives

1. Assess woodfuel supply and demand

whether consumption of woodfuel cause

deforestation or not

2. Estimate CO2 emissions from non-

sustainable woodfuel consumption

3. Estimate carbon credits to avoid

deforestation

11

Methodology

1. Study area

2. Woodfuel Integrated Supply/Demand Overview

Mapping (WISDOM)

3. Estimation of CO2 emission from un-sustainable

woodfuel consumption




Study area

This study

site is in

Kampong

Chhnang

and

Kampong

Speu

provinces.

13

WISDOM approach

Source: FAO 2003 14

Development of Demand module

15

Type of wood consumption

Firewood (Stere wood)

Palm sugar making

Charcoal makingPole collection

Woodfuel for Cooking 16


17

Socio-economic profile in PCA

• Above 54 % (are around 11,819 house-

holds) of total household in this area are

wood based activities

• People cut wood in dry season, March is

productive month of collection.

• There are 122 villages in 19 commune in

PCA.

18


• Seeds tool for participants estimate wood consumption

• Simple questions: most productive month, number of cycles of collection, carrying capacity of the transport mean & seasonality of wood collection.

• Draw zone of collection

19

Development of Supply module

• Forest inventory for Aboveground biomass

(AGB); AGB = VOB x WD x BEF

• Increment: y= 2.3Ln(AGB)- 7.79 (Top et al.,

2004)

• Woodfuel supply= Increment x forest area

20

Forest cover and plot location

21

Development of Integration module

• Balance = Supply-Demand

• Select high balance or highly

unsustainable as priority areas

Identifitying priority area

22

Result

1. Woodfuel consumption

2. Forest increment, woodfuel productivity

3. Balancing the supply and demand

4. Identifying priority area

5. Amount of CO2 emission from un-sustainable woodfuel

consumption

6. Carbon credits to avoid deforestation in PCA




Woodfuel consumption by HH

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Group

Discussion

"Test"

Group

Discussion "1"

Group

Discussion "2"

Group

Discussion "3"

Generalization

of "WD"

To

nn

e/H

H/y

ear

SW CH PS

Firewood=14T/HH/yr; Charcoal=17 T/HH/yr; Palm Sugar maker= 37 T/HH/y

Generalize these values to all village in Phnom Chumriey Area (PCA).

24

Woodfuel consumption by commune

(T/ha/yr)

25

Forest increment

Average forest increment is 3.21 T/ha/yr26

Balancing the Supply and Demand

27

Identifying priority area

Communes Balance (T/ha/yr) Sustainability status

Svay -6.31 high unsustainable

Peani -5.56 high unsustainable

Tbaeng Khpos -3.98 high unsustainable

Monourom -3.28 high unsustainable

Veal Pon -2.95 medium unsustainable

Khnar Chhmar -2.46 medium unsustainable

Thlok Vien -2.23 medium unsustainable

Thma Edth -1.58 medium unsustainable

Peam -1.14 medium unsustainable

Sedthei -0.57 low unsustainable

28

Identify priority area (Con’t)

Commune Balance level Sustainability status

Veal Pung -0.40 low unsustainable

Rung Roeang -0.36 low unsustainable

Preah Srea -0.16 low unsustainable

Svay Chuk -0.07 low unsustainable

Chhean Laeung 0.10 low unsustainable

Krang Lvea 0.35 low unsustainable

Prambei Mom 1.04 low sustainable

Tuol Khpos 1.22 low sustainable

Kbal Teuk 1.53 low sustainable

Total -26.82 high unsustainable29

CO2 emission from non-sustainable

woodfuel consumptionCommune CO2 emission (2009) (T)

CO2 emission (2010-

2014)

Peani 21666.44 110382.67

Thma Eth 9760 49842.61

Chhean Leurng -5499.37 5193.47

Khnar Chhmar 12481.19 62405.96

Krang Lvea -26647.33 3329.23

Peam 14681.29 112768.88

Seithei 4183.47 27628.25

Svay 45245.92 226622.87

Svay Chuk 4642.07 14508.039

Thbeng Khpos 48554.35 260066.32

Thlork Vien 14391.03 83318.93

Kbal Teuk 85559.39 -325249.96 30

Carbon credit to avoid deforestation

Commune CO2 emission in 2009 CO2 emission in 2010-2014

Toul Khpos -37559.86 142770.62

Preah Srea 997.85 4989.27

Veal Pung 3850.15 19373.70

Monorom 13637.81 68189.05

Prambei Mom -38131.37 121176.54

Rung Reurng 2111.72 13861.71

Veal Pon 16884.19 84933.37

Total 208445.46 1149224.16

Opportunity cost for allowing this CO2 emit are $4.5

millions from 2010-2014.31

Conclusion

1. Woodfuel supply and demand

2. Balancing the supply and demand

3. Identifying priority area

4. Amount of CO2 emission from un-sustainable

woodfuel consumption

5. Carbon credits to avoid deforestation in PCA




Wood S/D, integration

• Per-HH average wood consumption FW=14T/yr; CH=17 T/yr; PS= 37 T/y. Generalized these values for PCA wood demand.

• Average increment of 3.21 T/ha/yr and wood supply

• 14 out of 19 communes have already consume wood on non-sustainable basis

• CO2 emission: 208,445 T (2009); 1,149,224 T of

CO2 (2010-2014)

33

Opportunity cost of carbon credit

• About 4,596,896 dollars should be paid from

2010-2014 to keep forest stand.

• More study needed especially on demand

increment.

• Policy maker or energy program developers

should address woodfuel imbalance before

promoting woodfuel as an alternative energy.

34

Acknowledgements

35

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