Wissenschaftstag 20071 Fachbereich für Rechtswissenschaften 280/1 Projekt Legal Aspects of land...
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Transcript of Wissenschaftstag 20071 Fachbereich für Rechtswissenschaften 280/1 Projekt Legal Aspects of land...
Wissenschaftstag 2007 1
Fachbereich für Rechtswissenschaften
280/1Projekt
Legal Aspects of land reform in the Republic of Serbia
Mai-November 2006
Wissenschaftstag 2007 2
Legal Aspects of land reform in the Republic of Serbia
Auftraggeber:
4 Komponenten: Draft Law on Denationalisation of Urban Construction
Land (including Option Paper and Action Plan) Draft Construction Law (including Option Paper and Action
Plan) Elaboration of a Model for improved working procedures Draft Spatial and Urban Planning Law (including Option
Paper and Action Plan)
Wissenschaftstag 2007 3
Methode Component-Leader leitet Arbeitgruppen
Internationale Experten Serbische Experten
Mehrtägige Workshops, insbes. In Belgrad und Wien, mit serbischen inter-ministeriellen bzw. akademischen Arbeitsgruppen (5, 15-20 Personen)
Interviews mit „externen“ serbischen ExpertInnen Internationale long-term und short-term Experts Study trips nach Berlin, Wien Output:
Einigung in Arbeitsgruppen auf Modelle
Wissenschaftstag 2007 4
Ergebnisse – Stand des Projektes
Wissenschaftliche Option-Papers (Kommentierte) Gesetzesentwürfe Implementation Action Plan
Prozess Zur Entscheidungsfindung, Bewusstseinbildung
Wissenschaftstag 2007 5
Legal Reform of Urban Construction Land in Serbia
Teil 2: Ein Gesetz zur Privatisierung und Restitution von Grundeigentum
Univ. Ass. Mag. Karin Hiltgartner, E.MA
Wissenschaftstag 2007 6
De-Nationalisierung in Serbien Ausgangslage:
Alles städtische Land gilt als Bauland Eigentumsmonopol von städtischem Land zu Gunsten der
Republik „Pacht-Rechte“ für Privatpersonen
Unterschiedliche Ausformungen Ansprüche enteigneter Liegenschaftseigentümer auf
Restitution
Wissenschaftstag 2007 7
De-Nationalisierung in Serbien
Zielsetzungen: Übereinstimmung mit völkerrechtlichen (EMRK) und
europarechtlichen Ansprüchen Superficies solo cedit Abschaffung von sozialem Eigentum
Interessensausgleich zwischen aktuellen Pächtern und früheren Eigentümern der Grundstücke
Sonderfall: Eigentumswohnungen Beschränkung der Kosten für Entschädigungszahlungen
Wissenschaftstag 2007 8
De-Nationalisierung in Serbien
Arbeitsweise: 13 Workshops, 2 Studienreisen Eruierung der serbischen Rechtslage + Praxis Vergleich der internationalen rechtlichen Anforderungen an
Privatisierung und Restitution Gegenüberstellung vergleichbarer Länder
Ehemalige sozialistische Staaten Nachfolgestaaten Ex-Jugoslawien
Theoretische Erarbeitung von Privatisierungsmodellen Legal Esperanto of De-Nationalisation
Auswahl und Adaptierung an serbische Rahmenbedingungen
Wissenschaftstag 2007 12
Gegenüberstellung vergleichbarer Länder Country Restitution principle Compensation Conversion Application
process
Albania 1 2 yes, if value increased by 50%
yes
Croatia 2 1 yes yes
Macedonia 1, if no third party obtained rights
2 yes yes
Montenegro 1, if no third party obtained rights
2 yes yes
Slovenia 1, if no third party obtained rights
2 yes yes
Wissenschaftstag 2007 13
Grund-Modelle zur De-Nationalisierung Gegenwartsbezogen
Privatisierung: Verkauf des verstaatlichten Eigentums Konversion: Umwandlung der „Pacht-Rechte“ in Eigentum
Vergangenheitsbezogen Restitution: Rückgabe an Alt-Eigentümer Entschädigung: an Alteigentümer
Wissenschaftstag 2007 16
Vorgeschlagenes Modell Restitution als Grundprinzip Ausnahmen:
Neues Eigentumsrecht rechtmäßig begründet (Apartments) Wiedervereinigung von Eigentum an Bauwerk und Boden (inkl.
Abschlagszahlung in Varianten) Rechtmäßiges Pacht-Recht (Verpflichtung zur
Legalisierung) Entschädigung für Alt-Eigentümer
Wissenschaftstag 2007 17
Kommentierter Gesetzesentwurf
Framework Draft:Law on Denationalization of Urban Construction Land
Note: The following Framework Draft Law on Denationalization reflects statutory language based on the models for denationalization developed and agreed upon with the Working Group. It does not claim to be an exhaustive Draft Law as further elaborations on specific details will be required. The present Framework Draft Law is intended to serve as a facilitating basis for such discussions.
General ProvisionsArticle 1. (Subject Matter)
This Law shall regulate the denationalization of urban construction land, as defined by law, which has been seized on the basis of, as a result of, or in connection with enforcement of the legal regulations on nationalization, sequestration, confiscation, expropriation and other enactments with the same effect, that had been promulgated and enforced since 9 March 1945, without full and prompt compensation, and which, at the time of entry into force of this Law is owned by the state or social property.
The formulation “[…] seized on the basis of, as a result of, or in connection with enforcement of the legal regulations […]” is intended to cover all acts of seizure by state authorities, whether directly based on the regulations mentioned in Article 5 or seizures undertaken in connection with nationalization. However, more specific language could be introduced to further clarify the scope.
Article 2. (General Principles & Obligations)In seeking to rectify the consequences of nationalization and as a measure to re-institute private ownership in accordance with international human rights standards and the need to strengthen legal certainty (rule of law) in property relations as well as strengthening sustainable economic development, denationalization shall be based on the following principles: ……………..
Wissenschaftstag 2007 18
Verfahrens-Prinzipien Errichtung einer Agentur für De-Nationalisierung Individuelle Antragstellung Unterstützung der Beweissuche ex officio durch
Verwaltungsbehörden Veräußerungseinschränkungen während laufender
Verfahren Berücksichtigung der Bedürfnisse benachteiligter
Gruppen
Wissenschaftstag 2007 19
Implementation Action PlanObjective 2 Nr. Measure Time
frame Institution(s) responsible for implementation
Adoption of De-Nationalization Law and National Action Plan
2.1. Presentation of comparative experiences and best practices (study trips to Germany and Austria)
Short-term Working group component 1 CLC / GTZ
2.2. Development of a mathematical model for evaluating the costs of De-Nationalization
Short-term Working group component 1 and Implementing partner
2.3. Evaluation of costs of De-Nationalization on the basis of data provided through applications for registration of property seized and mathematical model developed
Medium-term Working group component 1 and related experts
2.4. Finalization of the Law on the basis of the models reflected in the Framework Draft
Medium-term Working group component 1
2.5. Submission of the Serbian Draft to the Parliament Medium-term Line Ministries
2.6. Development of a draft National Action Plan as the basis for government policies on De-Nationalization and means / terms of collaboration between different stakeholders
Medium-term Working group component 1
2.7. Adoption of a National Action Plan for government policies on De-Nationalization and means of collaboration between different sectors
Long-term Government of the Republic of Serbia
Wissenschaftstag 2007 20
Component 4: Reform of land use planning and zoning provisions Component-Leader:
Arthur Kanonier Österreichische MitarbieterInnen:
Karim Gies (Universität Salzburg) Thomas Dillinger (TU Wien) Gerhard Schimak (TU Wien)
Organisation: 12 Workshops in Belgrad
Wissenschaftstag 2007 21
Key aspects of the reform Actual planning system for spatial planning activities
Clearly arranged structure of land use planning and a framework for spatial development activities
- Regulations and land use activities should take into account EU-regulations and goals (e.g. sustainable development)
- All building activities should be in conformity with land use planning and zoning provisions
- Disconnection of land use planning and ownership
Spatial planning programs as legal basis for inexpensive and short building permits
Wissenschaftstag 2007 22
Goals for a reform Improved acceptance of legally binding planning regulations
- Understandable and transparent decision making process - Fair process with possibilities to participate
Hierarchical Planning System- Limited number of plans on national, regional and local level- Subordination of planning activities on lower levels (top down
approach)- Intensive participation of subordinated affected persons and
institutions (bottom up approach)Legal and transparent land use framework for land owners Specified goals and principles for land use planning
Wissenschaftstag 2007 23
Key aspects of the reform Updating and renewal of goals and principles in spatial planning Supervisory authority’s approval of local spatial plans Programs instead of plans National planning without preliminary activities on municipal level Strengthening of regional planning Simplification of local spatial plans - reform / reorganization of
land use planning Definition of (individual) utilisation categories General criterias for zoning Inclusion of greenland Separation of land use and questions of ownership Clear legal effects of building land (e.g duty of the municipalities to
develop building land with infrastructure, building obligation)
Wissenschaftstag 2007 24
National Planning/Regional Planning
Name / Type
General Goal Scope of validity
Content Competence
Spatial development programme for Serbia (“Strategy”)
Long (middle) term objectives of spatial planning and development
Territory of the Republic of Serbia
Goals and measures for spatial planning and development, axes, and functions
National Assembly
Development programme for special subjects
Long, middle, short term objectives for special subjects
Whole territory or parts of the territory of the Republic of Serbia
Goals and measures for special subjects (economy, traffic, technical and social infrastructure, …)
Government
Development programme for regions
Long (middle) term objectives for regional spatial planning and developmentor/andfor special subjects
Whole territory of a region or autonomous province
Goals and measures for regional spatial planning and development
Goals and measures for special subjects
“Regional entity” or autonomous provinceVerification through the Ministry in charge for Planning
Wissenschaftstag 2007 25
Municipal PlanningName / Type Goal Scope of validity Content CompetenceDevelopment programme for Municipalities
Long (middle) term objectives and measures of spatial planning and development
Territory of the Municipality
Goals and measures for the municipal development, zones of regional importance (e.g. industry, commerce), areas of raw material securing, boundary of settlement areas, green areas …
Municipal Assembly
Verification through the Ministry in charge for Planning
Urban Development programme (for cities/towns/ settlements)
Long (middle) term objectives spatial planning and development
Territory or of the city/town/settlement
Goals and measures for the urban developmentLand Use PlanGoals and measures subject areas (economy, traffic, technical and social infrastructure, Green areas and belts, …)
Municipal Assembly
Verification through a “Regional entity” or the Ministry in charge for Planning
Urbanregulatory plan (for cities/towns/ settlements)
Rules for arrangement and construction of buildings
Whole territory or parts of the city/town/settlement
Building regulations(Specification of land-use)
Municipal Assembly
Notification to a “Regional entity” or the Ministry in charge for Planning
Wissenschaftstag 2007 26
Planning Procedure
From a legal point of view („rule of law“) it is basically required to structure the procedure of the planning process clearly.
The distribution of tasks between the authorities, planners and other participants (private parties, other authorities and interest groups) must be determined legally as far as possible.
As spatial planning is carried out by different planning authorities on different levels (national, regional, local) even partially with different goals (general, sectoral), planning procedures must fulfil horizontal as well as vertical functions in cooperation and coordination.
Wissenschaftstag 2007 27
IMPLEMENTATION ACTION PLAN Public awareness (M 1 -12) Capacity building (M 13 – 21) Institution building (M 22 – 29) Financial affairs (M 30 – 36) Legal affairs (M 37 – 53) Gender aspects (M 54 – 60) International affairs (M 61 – 64)
Wissenschaftstag 2007 29
Abschließende Bemerkungen Beachtliches mediales Echo in Serbien Neuwahlen in Serbien Anfangs 2007 Bislang keine Regierungsneubildung Kosovo Herausforderndes Projekt:
Viele bisherigen gescheiterten Versuche Weltbank
Starker Zeitdruck Bedeutende Unterschiede in den Rechtssystemen