Windows Server 2003 DHCP 安裝設定與管理維護 林寶森 [email protected].
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Transcript of Windows Server 2003 DHCP 安裝設定與管理維護 林寶森 [email protected].
Windows Server 2003DHCP 安裝設定與管理維護
How DHCP Allocates IP Addresses
DHCP Server DHCP Server
DHCP Database
IP Address1: Leased to DHCP Client1IP Address2: Leased to DHCP Client2IP Address3: Available to be leased
IP Address1: Leased to DHCP Client1IP Address2: Leased to DHCP Client2IP Address3: Available to be leased
DHCP Client2:IP configuration
from DHCP server
DHCP Client2:IP configuration
from DHCP server
Non-DHCP Client:Static IP
configuration
Non-DHCP Client:Static IP
configuration
DHCP Client1:IP configuration
from DHCP server
DHCP Client1:IP configuration
from DHCP server
Lease Renewal
Lease Generation
The DHCP Lease Generation Process
DHCP ServersDHCP Client
1111 IP Lease RequestIP Lease Request
3333 IP Lease SelectionIP Lease Selection
2222IP Lease OfferIP Lease Offer
4444IP Lease Acknowledgement
IP Lease Acknowledgement
The DHCP Lease Renewal Process
DHCPREQUESTDHCPREQUESTDHCPREQUESTDHCPREQUEST
Source IP Address = 192.168.0.77Dest. IP Address = 192.168.0.108Requested IP Address = 192.168.0.77Hardware Address = 08004....
Source IP Address = 192.168.0.77Dest. IP Address = 192.168.0.108Requested IP Address = 192.168.0.77Hardware Address = 08004....
DHCPACKDHCPACK
Source IP Address = 192.168.0.108Dest. IP Address = 192.168.0.77Offered IP Address = 192.168.0.77 Client Hardware Address = 08004...Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0Length of Lease = 8 daysServer Identifier = 192.168.0.108DHCP Option: Router = 192.168.0.1
Source IP Address = 192.168.0.108Dest. IP Address = 192.168.0.77Offered IP Address = 192.168.0.77 Client Hardware Address = 08004...Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0Length of Lease = 8 daysServer Identifier = 192.168.0.108DHCP Option: Router = 192.168.0.1
DHCP Client DHCP Server
Automatic Private IP Addressing
Computer RunningWindows XP / 2003
DHCP Server (Offline)
Request for IP AddressRequest for IP AddressRequest for IP AddressRequest for IP Address
Assigns IP AddressAssigns IP AddressAssigns IP AddressAssigns IP Address
No Response
No Response
Broadcasts the Broadcasts the IP AddressIP Address
Broadcasts the Broadcasts the IP AddressIP Address
APIPAAPIPAGenerates IP AddressGenerates IP Address
APIPAAPIPAGenerates IP AddressGenerates IP Address
169.254.X.X169.254.X.X
No IP Address Returned
No IP Address Returned
Securing the DHCP Service
DHCP Administrators
DHCP Users
Active Directory
DHCP Server 1DHCP Server 1 DHCP Server 2DHCP Server 2
Authorized ListAuthorized List
DHCP Server 1DHCP Server 1
DHCP Server 2DHCP Server 2
DHCP LogDHCP Log
Overview of Scopes
ScopeScopeScopeScope
192.168.1.0192.168.1.1192.168.1.2192.168.1.3192.168.1.4
IP Addresses Available for Lease to Client Computers
DHCP Server
Selecting DHCP Options
DHCP option Description
Routers A preferred list of IP addresses for routers on the same subnet as the DHCP clients
DNS servers IP addresses for DNS name servers that DHCP clients use to resolve names
DNS domain Domain name that DHCP clients should use when resolving names
WINS node type A preferred NetBIOS name resolution method for the DHCP client to use
WINS server IP addresses of primary and secondary WINS servers for the DHCP client to use
Reserving IP Addresses for Client Computers
A reservation is a specific IP address, within a scope, that is permanently reserved for leased use to a specific DHCP client
New Reservation
Provide information for a reserved client.
Reservation name:
IP address:
MAC address:
Description:
Supported types
Both
DHCP only
BOOTP only
Add Close
Stuttgart Server
192 . 168 . 1 . 201
DHCP Reservation for Server
00a024e2b01a
Examining Option Classes• Vendor-defined classes manage DHCP options that are
assigned to clients that are identified by vendor type• User-defined classes manage DHCP options that are
assigned to clients with common configuration requirements
Client1
Client2
Client3DHCPServer
Configuration AConfiguration A
Configuration BConfiguration B
Configuration CConfiguration C
Relative IPCONFIG Options
• IPCONFIG /allDisplay full configuration information
• IPCONFIG /renewRenew the IP address for the specified adapter
• IPCONFIG /releaseRelease the IP address for the specified adapter
Configuring a Superscope
SuperscopeASuperscopeA
Scope1192.168.1.1
192.168.1.254
Scope1192.168.1.1
192.168.1.254
DHCPServer
192.168.1.1192.168.1.1 192.168.1.254192.168.1.254 192.168.2.1192.168.2.1 192.168.2.254192.168.2.254
Scope2192.168.2.1
192.168.2.254
Scope2192.168.2.1
192.168.2.254
Configuring a Multicast ScopeComputer2
Computer3
Computer4
Computer1
MulticastGroup
DHCP Server
Request for Request for Multicast AddressMulticast Address
Request for Request for Multicast AddressMulticast Address
Multicast Multicast Address AssignedAddress AssignedMulticast Multicast Address AssignedAddress Assigned
Routed Network Configuration OptionsDHCP Client
DHCP Client
Non RFCCompliant
RouterRouter RouterRouter
RFC-1542Compliant
Windows 2003 Server
DHCPDHCPRelayRelayAgentAgent
DHCP Server
Broadcast
Broadcast
DHCP Client
DHCP Client
Non RFCCompliant
RouterRouter Router
RFC-1542Compliant
DHCPDHCPRelayRelayAgentAgent
Broadcast
Broadcast
DHCP Client
DHCP Client
Non RFCCompliant
Router
DHCPRelayAgent
RouterRouter
RFC-1542Compliant
DHCP Client
Non RFCCompliant
RouterRouter RouterRouter
RFC-1542Compliant
DHCPDHCPRelayRelayAgentAgent
Enhancing DHCP Availability with Distributed Scopes
DHCP Server DHCP Server
Scope for 192.168.1.X/24defined in both DHCP Servers
Active Addresses
Active Addresses Excluded Addresses
Excluded Addresses
What Is a DHCP Database?• The DHCP database contains DHCP configuration data,
such as information about scopes, reservations, options, and leases
• Windows Server 2003 stores the DHCP database in the directory %Systemroot%\System32\Dhcp
• The DHCP database files include:
DHCP.mdb Tmp.edb J50.log and J50*.log
DHCP.mdb Tmp.edb J50.log and J50*.log
Res*.log J50.chk
Res*.log J50.chk
How a DHCP Database Is Reconciled
Example
Summary information Detailed information Reconciled DHCP database
Client has IP address 192.168.1.34
IP address 192.168.1.34 is available Create an active lease entry
DHCP ServerDHCP Server
DHCPDatabase
Registry Summary IP address lease information
Summary IP address lease information
Detailed IP address lease information
Detailed IP address lease information Compares
information to find inconsistencies
Compares information to find
inconsistencies
Reconciles inconsistencies in
the DHCP database
Reconciles inconsistencies in
the DHCP database
What Are DHCP Statistics?
DHCP statistics represent statistics collected at either the server level or scope level since the DHCP service was last started DHCP statistics represent statistics collected at either the server level or scope level since the DHCP service was last started
DHCP ServerDHCP Server
What Is a DHCP Audit Log File?A DHCP audit log is a log of service-related events, such as when: the service starts and stops; authorizations have been verified; or IP addresses are leased, renewed, released, or denied
A DHCP audit log is a log of service-related events, such as when: the service starts and stops; authorizations have been verified; or IP addresses are leased, renewed, released, or denied