1 | P a g e

ç—fr dk fo'ks"k migkj xsgw¡ dk Tokjk

ç—fr us gesa LoLFk] ÅtkZoku] fujksxh vkSj vk;q"eku jgus ds fy, gesa vusd çdkj ds ikSf"Vd Qy] Qwy] esos] rjdkfj;ka] tM+h&cwfV;ka] elkys] 'kgn vkSj vU; [kk|kUu fn;s gSaA ,slk gh ,d lathouh dk cwVk gS xsgw¡ dk TokjkA bldk okuLifrd uke ÞfVªfVde osfLVdeß gSA M‚- ,u foXeksj Tokjs ds jl dks Þgfjr jäß dgrh gSA bls xsgw¡ dk Tokjk ;k ?kkl dguk Bhd ugha gksxkA ;g okLro esa vadqfjr xsgw¡ gSA

xsgw¡ dk Tokjk ,d ltho] lqikP;] ikSf"Vd vkSj laiw.kZ vkgkj gSA blesa Hkjiwj DyksjksfQy] fd.od

¼,atkbEl½] vekbuks ,flM~l] 'kdZjk] olk] foVkfeu vkSj [kfut gksrs gSaA DyksjksfQy lw;Z çdk'k dk igyk mRikn gS vr% blesa lcls T;knk lw;Z dh ÅtkZ gksrh gS vkSj Hkjiwj v‚Dlhtu HkhA

xsgw¡ ds Tokjksa esa iks"kd rRoksa dh Vdlky

xsgw¡ ds Tokjs DyksjksfQy dk loZJs"B lzksr gSaA blesa lHkh foVkfeUl çpqj ek=k esa gksrs gSa tSls foVkfeu ,] ch&1] 2] 3] 5]6] 8] 12 vkSj 17 ¼ysfVª;y½]

lh] bZ rFkk dsA blesa dsfY'k;e] esXuhf'k;e] vk;ksMhu] lsysfu;e] ykSg] ftad vkSj vU; dbZ [kfut gksrs gSaA

ysfVª;y ;k foVkfeu ch&17 cyoku dSaljjks/kh gS

vkSj esfDldks ds vks,fll v‚Q gksi fpfdRlky; esa fiNys ipkl o"kZ ls ysfVª;y ds batsD'ku] xksfy;ksa vkSj vkgkj fpfdRlk ls dSalj ds jksfx;ksa dk mipkj gksrk vk jgk gSA

2 | P a g e bfrgkl

çkphu dky ls gh fgUnqLrku ds fpfdRld xsgw¡ ds Tokjksa dks fofHkUu jksxksa tSls vfLFk&la/k 'kksFk] dSalj] Ropk jksx] eksVkik] Mk;fcVht vkfn ds mipkj esa ç;ksx dj jgs gSaA gekjs dbZ R;ksgkjksa ij xsgw¡ ds Tokjksa dks mxkus] iwtk djus ds fjokt lfn;ksa ls pys vk jgs gSaA

tSls x.kxkSj fgUnqLrku ds dbZ jkT;ksa tSls jktLFkku] xqtjkr vkSj e/;çns'k ds ekyok {ks= esa dq¡okjh dU;kvksa o lqgkfxuksa }kjk euk;k tkus okyk R;kSgkj gS] tks cgqr /kwe/kke ls euk;k tkrk gSA igys fnu pkS= —".k X;kjl dks ekrkth dh 'ewB' j[kh tkrh gSA ck¡l dh NksVh&NksVh Vksdfj;ksa esa xsgw¡ ds Tokjs cks, tkrs gSaA Tokjs okyh ijaijkxr txg dks ekrkth dh 'ckM+h' dgrs gSaA iwjs lIrkg ls ckM+h dh iwtk&vpZuk dj Tokjksa esa ikuh fn;k tkrk gS vkSj vkjrh Hkh dh tkrh gSA Tokjs ygjkus ds lkFk xzke y{eh xkus yxrh gS& 'E;kjk gfj;k tokjk gks fd xsgw¡vk ygygs--- ---vkSj fQj pkS= 'kqDy prqFkhZ dks x.kxkSj ekrk fcnk gksrh gSA lth&/kth 'kksHkk;k=k ds lkFk rkykc&ckoM+h ij J)k ds lkFk Tokjs folftZr fd, tkrs gSaA

if'peh ns'kksa esa xsgw¡ ds Tokjksa ls mipkj dh i)fr M‚- ,u- foXeksj us çkjEHk dh FkhA cpiu esa mudh nknh çFke fo'o ;q) esa ?kk;y gq, tokuksa dk mipkj tM+h&cwfV;ksa] iSM+&ikS/kksa vkSj fofHkUu çdkj dh ?kklksa ls fd;k djrh FkhA

rHkh ls mUgksaus tM+h&cwfV;ksa vkSj fofHkUu ?kkl ds jl }kjk chekfj;ksa ds mipkj vkSj vuqla/kku djuk viuk 'kkSd cuk fy;kA 50 o"kZ dh mez esa M‚- ,u- foXeksj dks vkar esa dSalj gks x;k FkkA ftlds fy, mUgksaus xsgw¡ ds Tokjksa dk jl vkSj viDo vkgkj fy;k vkSj çlUurk dh ckr Fkh fd ,d o"kZ esa os dSalj eqä gks xbZA mUgksaus cksLVu esa ,u foxeksj bfULVVîwV [kksyk tks vkt Hkh dke dj jgk gSA rc ls ysdj viuh e`R;q rd og xsgw¡ ds Tokjs vkSj viDo vkgkj }kjk jksfx;ksa dk mipkj djrh jghA mUgksaus bl fo"k; ij 35 iqLrdsa Hkh fy[kh gSaA

xsgw¡ ds Tokjks esa fo|eku vekbuks ,flM vkSj muds dk;Z

blesa 8 vko';d vkSj cps gq, 16 esa ls 13 vekbuks ,flM~l gksrs gSaA buds dk;Z layXu lkfj.kh esa

n'kkZ;s gSaA

3 | P a g e

vekbuks ,flM dk;Z

ykbZflu vk;qo/kZd

Y;wflu ÅtkZ vkSj ukM+h ra= dks laosnu'khy cuk;s j[kuk

fVªIVksQsu Ropk vkSj ds'k dk fodkl

fQukby,ysuhu Fkk;j‚bM gkeksZu ds fuekZ.k esa lgk;d

fFkz;ksuhu ikpu

osyhu efLr"d vkSj ekalisf'k;ksa esa ijLij lg;ksx vkSj lkeatL; cuk;s j[kuk

ehfFk;ksuhu ;—r vkSj o`Dd dk 'kks/ku

,ysuhu jä ds fuekZ.k esa lgk;d

vkjftuhu oh;Zo/kZd

XywVsfed ,flM efLr"d dks tkx#d j[kuk

,LikfVZd ,flM ÅtkZ dk mRiknu

Xykblhu ÅtkZ dk mRiknu

çksyhu XywVsfed ,flM

vo'kks"k.k

lsjhu efLr"d dks ÅtkZoku cuk;s j[kuk

vkblksY;wlhu Hkzw.k dk fodkl

fgLVhMhu Jo.k vkSj ukM+h ra= dh fofHkUu fØ;kvksa esa lgk;d

xsgw¡ dk Tokjk 'kfä'kkyh çfr&v‚Dlhdkjd D;k gksrs gSa eqä d.k ;k Ýh jsfMdYl \

4 | P a g e 'kjhj esa gksus okyh fofHkUu p;kip; fØ;kvksa esa dqN O;FkZ vkSj gkfudkjd v.kq Hkh cu tkrs gSaA bu v.kqvksa esa bysDVªksUl dh la[;k çksVksUl dh vis{kk de gksrh gS ftlls ;s vfr lfØ; rFkk vfLFkj gksrs gSaA bUgsa ge Þeqä d.kß dgrs gSa vkSj ;s ekSdk feyrs gh gekjs LoLFk v.kqvksa ls bysDVªksu pqjk ysrs gSa] bl fØ;k dks v‚DlhMs'ku dgrs gSaA bysDVªksu [kks dj gekjs LoLFk v.kq Hkh eqä d.kksa dh Hkkafr O;ogkj djus yxrs gSaA vkSj vius var%dj.k esa cSBs çksVksUl dh bysDVªksu&fiiklk 'kkar djus gsrq viuk eq[; dke NksM+ dj bysDVªksUl dk tqxkM+ djus fudy iM+rs gSaA bl rjg fujarj bysDVªksu pqjkus dk ,d Ja[kyk&c) flyflyk 'kq: gks tkrk gS] ftlls gekjs vk;qo`f) dh xfr rst gks tkrh gS] Ropk esa >qfjZ;ka cuus yxrh gSa vkSj ge fofHkUu chekfj;ksa tSls mPp jäpki] e/kqesg] vfLFk&la/k 'kksFk] ikfdaZlUl] dSalj vkfn dk f'kdkj gks tkrs gSaA eqä d.k gekjs cká okrkoj.k vkSj Hkkstu }kjk Hkh 'kjhj esa ços'k dj tkrs gSaA

çfr&v‚fDldkjd ;k ,aVhv‚DlhMsaV

eqä d.kksa ls j{kk djus ds fy, gekjs 'kjhj esa vusd v.kq tSls foVkfeu&bZ] foVkfeu&lh] chVk&dsjksVhu] fd.od vkfn gksrs gSa] ftuesa dbZ vfrfjä bysDVªksUl gksrs gSa vkSj tks fcuk vfLFkj gq, eqä d.kksa dks bysDVªksUl nku nsdj mUgsa fuf"Ø; dj nsrs gSaA

bUgsa ge Þçfr&v‚Dlhdkjdß ;k ,aVhv‚DlhMsaV dgrs gSaA gesa Qyksa] lfCt;ksa ;qä vPNs vkgkj ls çfr&v‚fDldkjd çkIr gksrs gSa rFkk gekjs 'kjhj esa Hkh dbZ çfr&v‚Dlhdkjd fujarj curs jgrs gSaA ,aVhv‚DlhMsaV vk;qo/kZd vkSj vkjksX;o/kZd gksrs gSaA ;s Mh,u, dh lajpuk esa vlekU; ifjorZu ¼E;wVs'ku½ ugha gksus nsrs gSa] jä okfgdkvksa dks LoLFk j[krs gSa vkSj Ropk dks ;qok cuk;s j[krs gSaA

xsgw¡ ds Tokjs esa dbZ 'kfä'kkyh çfr&v‚Dlhdkjd gksrs gSa] ijarq ;gka ge pkj fof'k"V çfr&v‚fDldkjdksa dk o.kZu djsaxsA

1& lqijv‚DlkbM fMlE;wVst

2& ih4Mh1

3& E;wdks&i‚yhlsdjkbM~l

5 | P a g e 4& DyksjksfQy

lqijv‚DlkbM fMlE;wVst

lqij v‚DlkbM fMlE;wVst ¼,l- vks-Mh-½ ,d fd.od gS tks dksf'kdkvksa dk th.kksZ)kj djrk gS vkSj dksf'kdkvksa dh lqijv‚DlkbM ls gksus okyh {kfr dks de djrk gSA lqijv‚DlkbM cgqr gh vke eqä d.k gSA ;g Ropk dh nksuksa ijrksa esa ik;k tkrk gS vkSj LoLFk QkbczksCykLV ¼tks Ropk cukus okyh dksf'kdk,¡ gSa½ ds fuekZ.k esa lgk;d gSaA ,l vks Mh 'kjhj esa ftad] rkack vkSj esaxuht dh mi;ksfxrk c<+krs gSaA

,l-vks-Mh- mR—"V çfr&v‚Dlhdkjd vkSj 'kksFk fuokjd gS] vkSj eqä d.kksa ds çHkko ls cuus okyh >qfjZ;ksa vkSj Ropk dh th.kZrk dks de djrk gSA vuqla/kkudrkZ dgrs gSa fd tSls tSls ge çkS<+rk dh vksj vxzlj gksrs gSa 'kjhj esa ,l- vks-Mh- dh ek=k de gksrh tkrh gSA lqijv‚DlkbM fMlE;wVst muesa fo|eku /kkrqvksa ds vk/kkj ij rhu oxksaZ esa ckaVs x;s gSaA

1- rkack ftad ,l vks Mh tks dksf'kdk ds lkbVksIykTe dh lqj{kk djrs gSaA

2- esaxuht ,l vks Mh tks ekbVksdksfUMª;k dh lqj{kk djrs gSaA

3- fudy ,l vks Mh tks dksf'kdkvksa ds ckgj jgrs gSaA

,l-vks-Mh- vkFkZzkbfVl] iq#"k xzafFk jksx] dSalj] dksfuZ;y vYlj] tyus ls gq, ?kkoksa] vkb-ch-,l- vkSj /kweziku] fofdj.k vkSj dSaljjks/kh nokvksa ds nq"çHkkvksa ds mipkj esa lgk;d gSaA bldh Øhe psgjs dh >qfjZ;ksa] tyus ls gq, ?kkoksa] Ropk ds ?kkoksa o xgjs nkx /kCcksa vkfn esa cgqr mi;ksxh gSA ;g gkfudkjd ;w fofdj.kksa ls Ropk dh j{kk djrk gSaA

xsgw¡ ds Tokjs] czksd‚yh] iÙkkxksHkh] tkS dh ?kkl vkSj gjs iÙksokyh rjdkfj;ka blds çeq[k lzksr gSaA blds batsD'ku] thHk ds uhps j[kus okyh rFkk ,aVsfjd dksVsM xksfy;ka vkSj Øhe miyC/k gSaA vkek'k; esa

6 | P a g e cuus okys vEy bls fuf"Ø; dj nsrs gSa] blfy, bls thHk ds uhps j[kus okyh ;k ,aVsfjd dksVsM xksfy;ksa ds :i esa gh fn;k tkrk gSA

E;wdks&i‚yhlsdjkbM~l

E;wdks&i‚yhlsdjkbM~l lkekU; vkSj tfVy 'kdZjkvksa dk feJ.k gksrk gS tks 'kjhj ds j[k&j[kko ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gSA 'kjhj dh dksf'kdk,a fujarj {kfrxzLr vkSj u"V gksrh jgrh gSaA dksf'kdkvksa ds th.kksZ)kj rFkk ubZ dksf'kdkvksa ds fuekZ.k dk dk;Z Hkh lkFk&lkFk pyrk jgrk gS] tks ftruk lqpk# vkSj fLuX/krk ls gksrk jgsxk ge mruk gh ;qok o LoLFk cus jgsaxsA E;wdks&i‚yhlsdjkbM~l [kklrkSj ls ân; vkSj jä okfgdkvksa dh {kfrxzLr dksf'kdkvksa ds j[k&j[kko ds dke dks çkFkfedrk ls djrs gSaA

ih4Mh1

P4D1 ,d Xywdks&çksVhu gSA ;g çfr&v‚Dlhdkjd dh Hkkafr dk;Z djrk gSA blds rhu eq[; dk;Z gSaA

क- ;g Mh-,u-,- vkSj vkj-,u-,- tks 'kjhj fuekZ.k dk eq[; vk/kkj gSa] ds th.kksZ)kj rFkk uohuhdj.k dks çksRlkfgr djrs gSA ;s dksf'kdkvksa dh vk;qo`f) vkSj vlkekU; foHkktu esa vojks/k iSnk djrs gSaA vkSj bl rjg esa vid"kZd ¼MhtujsfVo½ chekfj;ksa ls cpkrs gSaA

ख- ;g 'kjhj esa 'kksFk dks de djrk gSA dqN oSKkfudksa ds vuqlkj ;g dksfVZtksu ls Hkh T;knk 'kfä'kkyh 'kksFk fuokjd gSA dbZ bU¶ysesVªh jksxksa tSls vkFkZzkbfVl vkfn ds mipkj esa xsgw¡ ds Tokjs dk jl vR;ar çHkko'kkyh gSA

ग- ;g dSalj dksf'kdkvksa dh fHkfÙk;ksa dks detksj cukrs gSa] rkfd jä ds 'osr d.k dSalj dksf'kdkvksa esa lgtrk ls ços'k dj mUgsa u"V dj ldsaA

DyksjksfQy xsgw¡ ds Tokjs dk lcls egRoiw.kZ rRo gS DyksjksfQyA ;g DyksjksIykLV uked fo'ks"k çdkj ds dks"kksa esa gksrk gSA DyksjksIykLV lw;Zfdj.kksa dh lgk;rk ls iks"kd rRoksa dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd oSKkfud M‚- c'kZj DyksjksfQy dks ÞladsfUær lw;Z'kfäß dgrs gSaA oSls rks gjs jax dh lHkh ouLifr;ksa esa DyksjksfQy gksrk gS] fdarq xsgw¡ ds Tokjs dk DyksjksfQy Js"V gS] D;ksafd DyksjksfQy ds vykok buesa 100 vU; ikSf"Vd rRo Hkh gksrs gSaA

lHkh tkurs gSa fd ekuo jä esa gheksXyksfcu gksrk gSA bl gheksXyksfcu esa ,d yky jax dk æO; gksrk gS ftls ghe dgrs gSaA ghe vkSj DyksjksfQy dh jklk;fud lajpuk esa cgqr lekurk gksrh gSA nksuksa esa dkcZu] gkbMªkstu] v‚Dlhtu vkSj ukbVªkstu ds ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k rFkk mudk foU;kl yxHkx ,d tSlk gksrk gSA ghe vkSj DyksjksfQy dh lajpuk esa dsoy ,d gh varj gS] DyksjksfQy ds dsUæ LFkku esa esXuhf'k;e gksrk gS] tcfd gheksXyksfcu ds dsUæ LFkku esa ykSgk gksrk gSA

7 | P a g e gekjk jä gYdk {kkjh; gS vkSj mldk gkbMªkstu v.kq xq.kkad pH 7-4 gSA Tokjs dk jl Hkh gYdk

{kkjh; gS vkSj mldk pH Hkh 7-4 gSA blfy, Tokjs dk jl 'kh?kzrk ls jä esa vo'kksf"kr gks tkrk gS

vkSj 'kjhj ds mi;ksx esa vkus yxrk gSA

xsgw¡ ds Tokjs ls ekuo dks laiw.kZ iks"k.k fey tkrk gSA lko/kkuh iwoZd pquh gqbZ 23 fdyks rjdkfj;ksa

ftruk iks"k.k 1 fdyks xsgw¡ ds Tokjs ds jl ls çkIr gks tkrk gSA flQZ Tokjs dk jl ihdj ekuo iwjk

thou fcrk ldrk gSA 100 xzke rktk jl esa 90&100 fe-xzke DyksjksfQy çkIr gks tkrk gSA

DyksjksfQy ls gesa esXuhf'k;e çkIr gksrk gSA gekjh çR;sd dksf'kdk esa esXuhf'k;e lw{e ek=k esa gksrk

gSA ijarq ;g 'kjhj ds fy, cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSA laiw.kZ 'kjhj esa yxHkx 50 xzke esXuhf'k;e gksrk gSA

esXuhf'k;e gekjh vfLFk;ksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy, vko';d [kfut gSA ;g ukfM+;ksa vkSj ekalisf'k;ksa dks ruko jfgr voLFkk esa j[krk gSA 'kjhj esa dSfY'k;e vkSj foVkfeu lhdk lapkyu] ukfM+vksa vkSj ekalisf'k;ksa dh mi;qä dk;Z'khyrk ds fy;s eSXusf'k;e vko';d gSA dSfY'k;e&eSXusf'k;e lUrqyu esa

xM+cM+h vkus ls Luk;q&ra= nqcZy gks ldrk gSA eSXusf'k;e 'kjhj ds Hkhrj yxHkx rhu lkS ऍUtkbEl

dh lfØ;rk ds fy, vko';d gSA eSXusf'k;e ds fuEu Lrjksa vkSj mPp jäpki rFkk e/kqesg esa Li"V varj lacU/k LFkkfir gks pqdk gSA O;k;ke ,oa 'kkjhfjd esgur djus okys yksxksa dks eSXusf'k;e lEiwjdksa dh vko';drk gSA eSXusf'k;e dh deh ls efgykvksa esa dbZ leL;k,a fn[kkbZ nsrh gSa] tSls ik¡oksa dh ekalisf'k;k¡ detksj gksuk ¼ftlls jsLVyslysx flaMªkse gksrk gS½] ik¡oksa esa fcokb;ka QVuk] isV dh xM+cM+h] ,dkxzrk esa deh] jtksfuo`fÙk laca/kh leL;kvksa dk c<+uk] ekfld&/keZ iwoZ ds ruko esa o`f) vkfnA

DyksjksfQy ls ykHk

DyksjksfQy gesa rhu çdkj ls ykHk nsrk gSA

1&'kks/ku – ?kkoksa ds fy, DyksjksfQy vR;ar çcy dhVk.kquk'kd gSA ;g Qaxljks/kh Hkh gS vkSj 'kjhj ls V‚fDlUl dks foltZu djrk gSA A ;g dbZ jksx iSnk djus okys thok.kq dks u"V djrk gS vkSj muds fodkl dks ckf/kr djrk gSA ;—r dk 'kks/ku djrk gSA

2&,aVh&bU¶ysesVªh – ;g 'kjhj esa bU¶yses'ku dks de djrk gSaA vr% vkFkZzkbfVl] vkek'k; 'kksFk] vka= 'kksFk] xys dh [kjk'k vkfn esa vR;ar ykHknk;d gSaA

3&iks"k.k – ;g jä cukrk gS] vkarksa ds ykHkçn dhVk.kqvksa dks Hkh iks"k.k nsrs gSaA

xsgw¡ ds Tokjksa ds jl ds vkS"k/kh; mi;ksx

1& dSalj

xsgw¡ ds Tokjs dSalj ij dSls vlj fn[kkrs gS\\\

v‚Dlhtu dks vuqla/kkudrkZ dSalj dksf'kdkvksa dks usLrukcwr djus okyh 7-62x39 fe-eh- dsyhcj

dh oks xksyh ekurs gSa] tks xsgw¡ ds Tokjs :ih ,-ds- 47 canwd ls fudy dj dSalj dksf'kdkvksa dks

pqu&pqu dj ekjrh gSA loZ çFke rks blesa Hkjiwj DyksjksfQy gksrk gS] tks 'kjhj dks v‚Dlhtu ls

8 | P a g e

ljkcksj dj nsrk gSA DyksjksfQy 'kjhj esa gheksXyksfcu dk fuekZ.k djrk gS] eryc dSalj dksf'kdkvksa dks T;knk v‚Dlhtu feyrh gS vkSj v‚Dlhtu dh mifLFkfr esa dSalj dk ne ?kqVus yxrk gSA

xsgw¡ dk Tokjksa esa foVkfeu ch&17 ;k ysfVª;y vkSj lsysfu;e nksuksa gksrs gSaA ;s nksuksa gh 'kfä'kkyh

dSaljjks/kh gSA DyksjksfQy vkSj lsysfu;e 'kjhj dh j{kk ç.kkyh dks 'kfä'kkyh cukrs gSaA xsgw¡ dk Tokjk Hkh jä ds leku gYdk {kkjh; æO; gSA dSalj vEyh; ek/;e esa gh Qyrk Qwyrk gSA

xsgw¡ dk Tokjk esa foVk&12 dks feyk dj 13 foVkfeu] dbZ [kfut tSls lsysfu;e vkSj 20 vekbuks

,flM~l gksrs gSA blesa ,aVhv‚DlhMsaV fd.od lqijv‚DlkbM fMlE;wVst vkSj vU; 30 fd.od Hkh

gksrs gSaA ,l-vks-Mh- lcls [krjukd Ýh&jsfMdy fj,fDVo v‚Dlhtu fLilht dks gkbMªkstu ij v‚DlkbM ¼ftlesa dSalj dksf'kdk dk lQk;k djus ds fy, ,d vfrfjä v‚Dlhtu dk v.kq gksrk gS½ vkSj v‚Dlhtu ds v.kq esa cny nsrk gSA

lu~ 1938 esa egku vuqla/kkudrkZ M‚- i‚y xsjgkMZ lhtj] ,e-Mh- us crk;k Fkk fd dSalj dk

okLrfod dkj.k 'olu fØ;k esa lgk;d ,atkbe lkbVksØkse v‚DlhMst dk u"V gksuk gSA ljy 'kCnksa esa tc dksf'kdk esa v‚Dlhtu miyC/k u gks ;k lkekU; 'olu fØ;k ckf/kr gks tk;s rHkh dSalj tUe ysrk gSA Tokjksa esa ,d gkeksZu ,Clhfld ,flM ¼,-ch-,-½ gksrk gS tks gesa vU;= dgha ugha feyrk gSA M‚- fyfoaXLVu Oghyj ds vuqlkj ,Clhfld ,flM dksfj;ksfud xksusMksVªksfiu gkeksZu dks fuf"Ø; djrk gS vkSj os ,-ch-,- dks dSalj mipkj dk egRoiw.kZ iwjd rRo ekurh FkhA M‚- fyfoaXLVu us irk yxk;k Fkk fd dSalj dksf'kdk dksfj;ksfud xksusMksVªksfiu ls feyrk tqyrk gkeksZu cukrh gSaA mUgksaus

;g Hkh irk yxk;k Fkk fd xsgw¡ ds Tokjs dks dkVus ds 4 ?kaVs ckn mlesa ,-ch-,- dh ek=k 40 xquk

T;knk gksrh gSA vr% muds erkuqlkj Tokjs ds jl dks FkksM+k lk rqjar vkSj cpk gqvk 4 ?kaVs ckn

ihuk pkfg;sA

1- xsgw¡ ds Tokjs esa vU; gjh rjdkfj;ksa dh rjg Hkjiwj v‚Dlhtu gksrh gSA efLr"d vkSj laiw.kZ 'kjhj ÅtkZoku rFkk LoLFk j[kus ds fy, Hkjiwj v‚Dlhtu vko';d gSA

2- M‚- cjukMZ tsUlu ds vuqlkj xsgw¡ ds Tokjs dk jl dqN gh feuVksa esa ip tkrk gS vkSj blds ikpu esa cgqr de ÅtkZ [kpZ gksrh gSA

3- ;g dhVk.kqjks/kh gSa] mUgsa u"V djrk gS vkSj muds fodkl dks ckf/kr djrk gSA

4- ;g 'kjhj ls gkfudkjd inkFkksaZ ¼V‚fDlUl½] Hkkjh /kkrqvksa vkSj 'kjhj esa tek nokvksa ds vo'ks"k dk foltZu djrk gSA

5- ;fn bldk lsou 7&8 eghus rd fd;k tk;s rks ;g eqgk¡lksa vkSj muls cus nkx] /kCcs vkSj >kb;ka

lc lkQ gks tkrs gSaA

6- ;g Ropk ds fy, çk—frd lkcqu dk dk;Z djrk gSa vkSj 'kjhj dks nqxaZ/k jfgr j[krk gSA

7- ;g nkarksa dks lM+u ls cpkrs gSA

8- ;fn 5 fefuV rd xsgw¡ ds Tokjs dk jl eqag esa rks nkar dk nnZ Bhd djrk gSA

9- blds xjkjs djus ls xys dh [kkfj'k Bhd gks tkrh gSA

10- xsgw¡ ds Tokjs dk jl fu;fer ihus ls ,Xthek vkSj lksjk;fll Hkh Bhd gks tkrs gSaA

9 | P a g e

11- Tokjs dk jl ihus ls cky le; ls igys lQsn ugha gksrs gSaA

12- Tokjs dk jl ihus ls 'kjhj LoLFk] ÅtkZoku] lgu'khy] vk/;kfRed vkSj çlUufpÙk cuk jgrk gSA

13- ;g ikpu 'kfä dks c<+krk gSA

14- ;g leLr jä lacU/kh jksxksa ds fy, jkeck.k vkS"kf/k gSA

15- Tokjs dk jl dk ,uhek ysus ls vkarksa vkSj isV ds vaxksa dk 'kks/ku gksrk gSA

16- ;g dCth Bhd djrk gSA

17- ;g mPp jäpki de djrk gS vkSj dksf'kdkvksa dk foLrkj.k djrk gSA

18- ;g LFkwyrk ;k eksVkik de djrk gS D;ksafd ;g Hkw[k de djrk gS] cqfu;knh p;kip; nj vkSj 'kjhj esa jä ds lapkj dks c<+krk gSA

?kj ij xsgw¡ ds Tokjs mxkus dh fof/k

vko';d lkeku

?kj ij xsgw¡ ds Tokjs cukuk ds fy, bu phtksa dh vko';drk gksxhA

vPNh fdLe ds tSfod xsgw¡ ds chtA

vPNh mitkÅ feêh vkSj mEnk tSfod ;k xkscj dh [kknA

feêh ds 10&12ß O;kl ds 3&4ß xgjs lkr xksykdkj xeys ftlesa Hkh uhps Nsn gksaA vki vPNs IykfLVd dh 20ßx10ßx2ß uki dh xkMZfuax Vªs] ftlesa uhps dqN Nsn gks] Hkh ys ldrs gSA

xsgw¡ fHkxksus ds fy, dksbZ ik= ;k txAldrs gSA

ikuh nsus ds fy, Lçs cksVy ;k ikS/kksa dks ikuh fiykus okyk >kjkA

feDlh ;k T;wljA

fof/k

10 | P a g e

1- ges'kk tSfod cht gh dke esa ysa] rkfd vkidks ges'kk e/kqj o mR—"V jl çkIr gks tks foVkfeu vkSj [kfut ls Hkjiwj gksA jkr dks lksrs le; yxHkx 100 xzke xsgw¡ ,d tx esa fHkxks dj j[k nsaA

2- lHkh xeyksa ds Nsn dks ,d irys iRFkj ds VqdM+s ls <d nsaA vc feêh vkSj [kkn dks vPNh rjg feyk,aA xeyksa esa feêh dh Ms<+ nks bap eksVh ijr fcNk nsa vkSj ikuh fNM+d nsaA /;ku jgs feêh esa jklk;fud [kkn ;k dhVuk"kd ds vo'ks"k u gksa vkSj ges'kk tSfod [kkn dk gh mi;ksx djsaA igys xeys ij jfookj] nwljs xeys ij lkseokj] bl çdkj lkrksa xeyks ij lkrksa fnuksa ds uke fy[k nsaA

3- vxys fnu xsgqavksa dks /kksdj fuFkkj ysaA ekuyks vkt jfookj gS rks ml xeys esa] ftl ij vkius jfookj fy[kk Fkk] xsgw¡ ,d ijr ds :i esa fcNk nsaA xsgqavksa ds Åij FkksM+h feêh Mky nsa vkSj ikuh ls lhap nsaA xeys dks fdlh Nk;knkj LFkku tSls cjkens ;k f[kM+dh ds ikl j[k nsa] tgka i;kZIr gok vkSj çdk'k vkrk gks ij /kwi dh lh/kh fdj.ks xeyksa ij ugha iM+rh gksA vxys fnu lkseokj okys xeys esa xsgw¡ cks nhft;s vkSj bl rjg jkst ,d xeys esa xsgw¡ cksrs jgsaA

4- xeyksa esa jkstkuk de ls de nks ckj ikuh nsa rkfd feêh ue vkSj gYdh xhyh cuh jgsA 'kq: ds nks&rhu fnu xeyksa dks xhys v[kckj ls Hkh <d ldrs gSaA tc xSgw¡ ds Tokjs ,d bap ls cM+s gks tk;s rks ,d ckj gh ikuh nsuk ç;kIr jgrk gSA ikuh nsus ds fy, Lçs cksVy dk ç;ksx djsA xehZ ds ekSle esa T;knk ikuh dh vko';drk jgrh gSA ij ges'kk /;ku j[ks fd feêh ue vkSj xhyh cuh jgs vkSj ikuh dh ek=k T;knk Hkh u gksA

5- lkr fnu ckn 5&6 ifÙk;ksa okyk 6&8 bUp yEck Tokjk fudy vk;sxkA bl Tokjs dks tM+ lfgr m[kkM+ ys vkSj ikuh ls vPNh rjg /kks yhft,A bl rjg vki jkst ,d xeys ls Tokjs rksM+rs tkb;s vkSj jkst ,d xeys esa Tokjs cksrs Hkh tkb;s rkfd vkidks fujUrj Tokjs feyrs jgsA

6- vc /kqys gq, Tokjksa dh tM+ dkV dj vyx dj nsa rFkk feDlh ds NksVs tkj esa FkksM+k ikuh Mkydj ihl ysa vkSj pyuh ls fxykl esa Nkudj ç;ksx djsA Tokjksa ds cps gq, xqns dks vki Ropk ij fu[kkj ykus ds fy, ey ldrs gSaA vki gkFk ls ?kqekus okys T;wlj ls Hkh T;wl fudky ldrs gSaA

lsou dk rjhdk

Tokjs dk jl lkekU;r% 60&120 ,e-,y- çfr fnu ;k çfr nwljs fnu [kkyh isV lsou djuk pkfg;sA

;fn vki fdlh chekjh ls ihfM+r gSa rks 30&60 ,e-,y- jl fnu es rhu pkj ckj rd ys ldrs gSaA

bls vki lIrkg esa 5 fnu lsou djsaA dqN yksxksa dks 'kq: esa jl ihus ls mcdkbZ lh vkrh gS] rks de

ek=k ls 'kq: djsa vkSj /khjs&/khjs ek=k c<+k;saA Tokjs ds jl esa Qyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa ds jl tSls lsc Qy] vUukukl vkfn ds jl dks feyk;k tk ldrk gSA

11 | P a g e

gka bls dHkh Hkh [kês jlksa tSls uhcw] larjk vkfn ds jl esa ugha feyk,a D;ksafd [kVkbZ Tokjs ds jl esa fo|eku ,atkbEl dks fuf"Ø; dj nsrh gSA blesa ued] phuh ;k dksbZ vU; elkyk Hkh ugha feykuk

pkfg;sA Tokjs ds jl dh 120 ,e-,y-ek=k cM+h mi;qä ek=k gS vkSj ,d lIrkg esa blds ifj.kke

fn[kus yxrs gSaA M‚- ,u- foXeksj Tokjs ds jl ds lkFk viDo vkgkj ysus dh lykg Hkh nsrh FkhA

xsgw¡ ds Tokjs pckus ls xys dh [kkfj'k vkSj eqag dh nqxaZ/k nwj gksrh gSA blds jl ds xjkjs djus ls nkar vkSj elwM+ksa ds bUQsD'ku esa ykHk feyrk gSA fL=;ksa dks Tokjs ds jl dk Mw'k ysus ls ew=k'k; vkSj ;ksfu ds bUQsD'ku] nqxaZ/k vkSj [kqtyh esa Hkh vkjke feyrk gSA Ropk ij Tokjs dk jl yxkus ls Ropk dk <hykiu de gksrk gS vkSj Ropk esa ped vkrh gSA

lkjka'k vUr esa eSa ;gh dguk pkgw¡xk fd xsgw¡ ds Tokjs esa lw;Z dh vlhe ÅtkZ lek;h gqbZ gS] dbZ yksx bls Þrjy lw;Zçdk'kß Hkh dgrs gSaA ;g bZ'oj dh nh gqbZ ,d fo'ks"k fu;ker gS] mR—"V jä 'kks/kd gS vkSj dSalj tSlh tku ysok chekjh ds mipkj esa cgqr gh egRoiw.kZ gSA