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Well Monitoring Hot Geothermal Wells Pressure, Temperature Tool based on High Temperature...
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Transcript of Well Monitoring Hot Geothermal Wells Pressure, Temperature Tool based on High Temperature...
Well Monitoring Hot Geothermal Wells
Pressure, Temperature Tool based on High Temperature Electronics Developed for Commercial Aircraft Engine
Control Systems
40,000 hrs @ 225C
TEMPERATURE (°C)
LIF
ET
IME
(Y
RS
)
0
1
10
100
150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290 310 330 350
AlCu:1mA/µm2
AlCu: 0.5 mA/µm2
W: 1 mA/µm2
Failure = 10% Increasein Stripe Resistance
Time for 1%of the parts
to failW: 2 mA/µm2
Commercial Parts:
Est. for 5 mA/µm2
> 5 Year Lifeat 225°C
Now
Future
Metal migration failure is a function of Current Density, Time and Temp.Plot is from Honeywell SOI group, Bruce Ohme
HT SOI Electronics
• Doing everything right to stop aging– No right angle metallization paths– No on chip metal bridges– No voids in the die attach– Keep TECs matched– Ideal wire bonds– Eliminate intermetallic growth
Show me a 225C/5yr electronic device and I will show you a 125C/30yr device
Eliminating Aging
• Achieved 18-bit dynamic range: ~ 20uV or 0.01 psi on a 3K transducer
• One of the Deep Trek parts: • Ideal for pressure
measurements
• Demonstrated operation: • -55C to 375C
Input Offset Voltage @ 300C(after 438 Hrs. Operation @ 300C)
-125-100-75-50-25
0255075
100125
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5Input Common-mode Voltage (Volts)
Off
se
t V
olt
ag
e (
mic
ro-
vo
lts
)
Offset comparable to LTC1049 over a 350C Temperature Range!!
-55C to 300 C
250x improvement in offset accuracy vs. previous High-temp amplifier
An Example: HT SOI Precision Amplifier
Field testingFirst well was in 2003
Today’s Well Monitoring Tool
Both Wired Tubing and Standard Logging Cable
• ¼ inch Incoloy tubing with two high temperature wires has been used in steam flood wells.
• The Perma Works well monitoring tool has been run using standard 600F mono conductor armored logging cable
• For well monitoring, the 2 wires inside ¼ inch tubing is best.
No Computer Temperature Compensation was applied to the Calibration Data Below!
Even standard flasked tools use long polynomial temperature correction algorithms! Our self-compensation is done downhole allowing our tool to stay in calibration longer and over extreme temperatures found in Geothermal wells.
PW HT SOI Well Monitoring Tool
Monitoring Steam Injection Wells
200C 250C 200C
250C
260C
PW HT SOI Well Monitoring Tool
Here the tool NEVER leaves the well for ~24 hrs. This tool can support hydraulic fracturing up to 25,000 psi/275C
PW HT Well Monitoring Tool
• Noise in Measurement 250C• The blue line is 1 wire, signal + power on 1 wire• The red line is 2 wire, signal alone on 1 wire
PW HT SOI Well Monitoring Tool
43:12.0 43:55.2 44:38.4 45:21.6 46:04.8 46:48.0 47:31.2 48:14.4 48:57.6 49:40.8 50:24.00
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Pressure Data LabHS Capture of Fall Off, 10sps
Time
PSI
48:31.7 48:32.5 48:33.4 48:34.3 48:35.10
1000
2000
3000
4000
Pressure Data LabHS Capture Measure
Pressure Fall Time
Time
PSI
6 Sec FT
• You can target capturing fracturing events as speed and volume of fluid entering the facture.Two way communication allows the operator to change data formats
as well testing requires without removing the tool.
Well Monitoring Tool General Spec’s
• Absolute sensor accuracy 550°F (275°c) 0.35% res. • Noise floor at 250C: 3 Std Dev is <0.0013V out of a 3.5V FS (~1.6psi @5000psi FS)• Tool electronics are 0.9in X 18in.• Optional 575°F (300°C) with loss of some resolution and operating life • Expected Life Span (Within Manufacturers Spec’s) under continuous power
• 400°F – 10 years • 450°F – 2 years • 500°F – 1 year • 535°F – 6 months
• Tool pressure rating in two versions: 12,000psi and 25,000 psi • Tool Dimension 4.5 ft. x 1.75 in OD • Voltage /current 15-18 VDC with current <35mA at all temperatures• Measurements Pressure, Temperature, Cable Loss, Electronic Auto-Zero to correct electronic
measurement drift over time• Dual sampling: Cycling all readings every 15 Sec OR 24 readings every second on any one
measurement to capture well testing events.• Either 7/32 mono-conductor armored cable Or 1/4in wired tubing cable head• Tubing can be either 1 wire or 2 wire. Extra signal wire improves measurement performance.• Options: There are two data channels open. Additional pressure for pressure above or below
a fluid pump for differential pressure. Additional vibration sensors for pump wear indication.
Combining Fiber and Electronics
• The PW-PT535A tool can be coupled with the DTS fiber/wire combination cable sold by Draka, a member of the Prysmian Group.• Draka’s fluorine doped fiber has increased
hydrogen resistance when tested at 300°C and 220 psi partial pressure H2.
•Draka’s research has been funded by Department of Energy under Award Number DE_EE0002786
• Having both DTS and electronic pressure/temperature measurements provides the best of both worlds